Psychological adjustment in children with episodic migraine: a population-based study

We investigated psychological adjustment in a preadolescent pediatric population as a function of headache diagnosis. Children from a city public education system were enrolled in this study. Parents were interviewed using validated headache questionnaires and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which measures psychological adjustment. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained using a binary regression model. The relative risk [RR] of SDQ items and scores were modeled as a function of headache diagnosis in adjusted analyses. Multivariate models estimated determinants of psychological adjustment characteristics in children with migraine. The sample consisted of 846 children (65.9% of the target sample) from 5 to 12 years old (50.5% girls). Relative to children without headache, children with episodic migraine (EM) were more likely to have abnormal scores on the following SDQ scales: emotional symptoms (RR = 3.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.51-4.69), conduct problems (RR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.37-2.79), total difficulties (RR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.59-3.13), and total impact (RR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.15-7.11). The multivariate analysis showed that total difficulties in psychological adjustment in children with EM were significantly influenced by headache frequency (p < .05), analgesic intake (p < .001), and the occurrence of nausea (p < .01) and vomiting (p < .05) in headache attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reported in the literature to identify determinants of the association between migraine and difficulties in psychological adjustment in preadolescent children. Providers and educators should be aware of this association, and studies that address causality should be conducted71334

A century of research: what have we learned about the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with host cells?

Since the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi and the brilliant description of the then-referred to "new tripanosomiasis" by Carlos Chagas 100 years ago, a great deal of scientific effort and curiosity has been devoted to understanding how this parasite invades and colonises mammalian host cells. This is a key step in the survival of the parasite within the vertebrate host, and although much has been learned over this century, differences in strains or isolates used by different laboratories may have led to conclusions that are not as universal as originally interpreted. Molecular genotyping of the CL-Brener clone confirmed a genetic heterogeneity in the parasite that had been detected previously by other techniques, including zymodeme or schizodeme (kDNA) analysis. T. cruzi can be grouped into at least two major phylogenetic lineages: T. cruzi I, mostly associated with the sylvatic cycle and T. cruzi II, linked to human disease; however, a third lineage, T. cruziIII, has also been proposed. Hybrid isolates, such as the CL-Brener clone, which was chosen for sequencing the genome of the parasite (Elias et al. 2005, El Sayed et al. 2005a), have also been identified. The parasite must be able to invade cells in the mammalian host, and many studies have implicated the flagellated trypomastigotes as the main actor in this process. Several surface components of parasites and some of the host cell receptors with which they interact have been described. Herein, we have attempted to identify milestones in the history of understanding T. cruzi- host cell interactions. Different infective forms of T. cruzi have displayed unexpected requirements for the parasite to attach to the host cell, enter it, and translocate between the parasitophorous vacuole to its final cytoplasmic destination. It is noteworthy that some of the mechanisms originally proposed to be broad in function turned out not to be universal, and multiple interactions involving different repertoires of molecules seem to act in concert to give rise to a rather complex interplay of signalling cascades involving both parasite and cellular components.CNPqCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)FAPESPFINE

Microscopia confocal de fluorescência: uma ferramenta poderosa no estudo da doença de Chagas

Confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy has become widely used in cell biology and pathology. In conjunction with monoclonal antibodies it may turn out to be a powerful diagnostic tool that also enables detailed studies of tissue forms of Trypanosoma cruzi.A microscopia confocal por varredura a laser vem se tornando extremamente útil na biologia celular e patologia. Com o uso de anticorpos monoclonais, pode ser uma poderosa ferramenta de diagnóstico assim como para estudos detalhados das diferentes formas do Trypanosoma cruzi em vários tecidos infectados.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaInstituto Adolfo Lutz Seção de Microscopia EletrônicaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaSciEL

Trypanosoma cruzi: amastigote polymorphism defined by monoclonal antibodies

We have raised monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed towards amastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, and shown that mAbs 1D9 and 4B9 are carbohydrate while mAb 4B5 activity is resistant to periodate oxidation of the antigen. Here we used an ELISA to quantitate and compare the expression of surface epitopes on fixed parasites among different parasite isolates. The expression of markers varied among T. cruzi amastigotes isolated from infected cells or after extracellular differentiation of trypomastigotes. Moreover, we also observed an extensive polymorphic expression of these epitopes among amastigotes derived from different strains and clones. For instance, mAb 2C2 strongly and evenly reacted with 9 strains and clones (G, Y, CL, Tulahuen, MD, and F, and clones Sylvio X-10/4, D11, and CL.B), with absorbance at 492 nm (A492 nm) from 0.6 to 0.8. By contrast, mAb 4B5 had a higher expression in Tulahuen amastigotes (around 0.9 at 492 nm) whereas its reactivity with amastigotes from clones CL.B, Sylvio X-10/4 and D11 was much lower (around 0.4). mAb 1D9 displayed an interesting pattern of reactivity with amastigotes of the different strains and clones (A492 nm of G>D11³Sylvio X-10/4 = MD>Tulahuen = F = Y>CL>CL.B). Finally, we observed that mAb 4B9 had the lowest reaction with the parasites studied, with higher values of A492 nm with Y strain (around 0.6) and lower values with Tulahuen, F and CL.B strains (around 0.2). Immunoblotting analysis also showed extensive variations among amastigotes of the various parasite isolates and mAbs 4B9, 1D9 and 4B5 revealed significant differences in expression between clones and parental strains. These data describe a previously uncharacterized polymorphism of T. cruzi amastigote surface components.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Difusão de ions em filmes de polietileno

Dissertação: Rene RobertDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ParanaResumo: O fenômeno da arborescência em materiais dielétricos sólidos, mais especificamente em cabos elétricos isolados, é considerado um dos principais geradores de falhas no que diz respeito a seu comportamento elétrico. A difusão de íons nos referidos materiais é considerada um dos fatores que concorrem para o aparecimento dessas falhas. O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo da difusão de íons em filmes de polietileno em soluções aquosas, na presença e na ausência de campos elétricos alternados, em diferentes temperaturas. Como resultado, são calculadas as energias de ativação para os processos de difusão; são apresentados e comentados os resultados experimentais; é sugerida uma equação empírica que ajusta os dados experimentais em um intervalo de confiança de 95%; e são adotadas técnicas de caracterização de materiais através das quais procura-se avaliar as modificações nos filmes, ocorridas em função do processo de difusão. As técnicas adotadas foram a espectroscopia de infravermelho, a difratometria de Raios X, a microscopia eletrônica de varredura e as análises térmicas por calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC).Abstract: Water Treeing has been considered the most important ageing phenomenon in medium voltage extruded insulations. Ion diffusion has been recognized as one of the main processes in the initiation and growth of Water Trees. The study of ion diffusion through polyethylene films in humid environment (water and water electrolytes solutions) has been carried out. Samples have been exposed to different temperatures in the absence and in the presence of an alternating electric field. Results are discussed and an empirical equation to fit the experimental data is suggested. In order to evaluate changes in polyethylene some characterization techniques such as Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray analysis, microscopy and Differencial Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) have been adopted

Sistemas para detecçao de falta de alta impedancia e de rompimento de condutores em redes de distribuiçao de energia elétrica

Orientador : Rene RobertTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Engenharia de Materiais e Processos. Defesa: Curitiba, 2005Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentraçao: Engenharia e ciencia de materiai

Protein tyrosine kinases in Schistosoma mansoni

The identification and description of signal transduction molecules and mechanisms are essential to elucidate Schistosoma mansoni host-parasite interactions and parasite biology. This mini review focuses on recent advancements in the study of signalling molecules and transduction mechanisms in S. mansoni, drawing special attention to the recently identified and characterised protein tyrosine kinases of S. mansoni.Fiocruz Centro de Pesquisas René RachouSanta Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte Programa de Pós-Graduação e PesquisaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM)UNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Covid-19 and the Brazilian Prison System: Criteria and Limits Imposed by Courts to Grant Liberty

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 (Sars-CoV-2) reshaped all manners of acting and dealing with situations involving the rulings within the Brazilian prison system. Renewing the prior declaration by the Brazilian Supreme Court “unconstitutional state of affairs”, with the reiterated violation of human rights, the current scenario has revealed inconsistencies of judicial rulings in face of similar situations, corroborating to mitigate legal security.Brazilian prisons already have issues related to overcrowding and fragility – and in many cases to necessary care regarding social reintegration of those who pass through the system. However, in addition to the already existing contagious outbreaks within Brazilian prisons, the new coronavirus has amplified the challenge on the Judiciary, which must ensure – at the same time - the health of those who are deprived of their liberty and determine guidelines that provide legal parameters to decisions in times of unusual crisis, such as ones experienced during a pandemic.For this reason, there is a need to establish parameters for granting or denial of liberty. The Nacional Council of Justice (CNJ) issued the Recommendation n. 62/2020, providing guidelines to judicature regarding prevention against the COVID-19 mass infection within the scope of Brazilian prison system. The recommendation adopted criteria about imprisonment reality, virus dissemination speed and the conditions of prison premises, therefore proposing, in some cases, the flexibility of custody or transfers to other units.However, despite of this normative direction, an analysis of judicial decisions issued on habeas corpus, including the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court, reveals the lack of uniformity among judicature, which does not corroborate to achieve the purposes sought by the CNJ, as well as demeaning the fundamental right to equality foreseen in our legal system.The present assay analyses the variability of decisions issued by the judicature, utilizing the online database of The Justice Court of São Paulo, for it is the largest State Court in Brazil in numbers of cases involving imprisonment, as well as decisions issued by the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice and the Supreme Court, identifying the different criteria adopted, in order to demonstrate the lack of legal security, inviting into a reflection of whether the Brazilian Judiciary is effectively meeting its final purpose: to produce social pacification. Keywords: Prison System; Covid-19; Habeas Corpus; Brazilian Courts; Criteria. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-11-03 Publication date:June 30th 202

Royalties do Petróleo, Pré-sal no Brasil – uma discussão sob o prisma internacional do Meio Ambiente

RESUMOO presente trabalho visa abordar o tema do Pré-sal brasileiro sob o prisma da sustentabilidade, resiliência e solidariedade intergeracional presentes no princípio 5 da Convenção de Estocolmo. Se perpassará por todos os conceitos acima alinhavados de maneira a demonstrar a importância de conferências internacionais, especialmente a de Estocolmo realizada em 1.972. Posteriormente, buscar-se-á demonstrar a internalização do princípio da conferências nas três esferas de poder do Brasil. Após essa contextualização, o artigo abordará a questão do pré-sal em uma conjuntura socioambiental conjugada com o desenvolvimento do texto.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Soft Law, Resiliência,  Conferência de Estocolmo e Pré-sal brasileiro. ABSTRACTThe present work aims to address the issue of pre-salt deposits from the perspective of sustainability, resilience and intergenerational solidarity present in 5 of the Stockholm Convention. It will through all the above concepts to demonstrate the importance of international conferences, especially the Stockholm Conference held in 1972. Later, it will seek to demonstrate the internalization of the principles of conferences in the three spheres of power in Brazil. After this context, the paper will address the issue of pre-salt in a socio-environmental situation combined with the development of the text.KEYWORDS: Sustainable Development, Soft Law, Resilience, the Stockholm Conference and Pre-salt Brazil.