"Sortir la bibliothèque de ses murs": plan de développement stratégique pour la bibliothèque du Gymnase de Nyon

L'objectif de ce travail est de définir des pistes de développement stratégique pour la Bibliothèque du Gymnase de Nyon. J'ai commencé par faire une analyse détaillée des publics de l'établissement, car ils constituent les utilisateurs actuels et surtout potentiels de la bibliothèque puis de la bibliothèque elle-même dans ce qu'elle offre en tant que lieu et services. J'ai ensuite proposé pour chaque segment du public étudié une série de ressources, de services et d'activités, dans et hors de la bibliothèque, correspondant à ses besoins. Afin de créer le lien entre ces deux parties et d'optimiser le rôle que la bibliothèque a à jouer, je termine en passant en revue les canaux de communication disponibles, afin "d'occuper" le terrain et de promouvoir la vision de la bibliothèque dans sa pluralité

Archive ouverte pour la mémoire institutionnelle de la Direction du développement et de la coopération (DDC): une solution pertinente ?

Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier la possibilité d’intégrer dans une archive ouverte la mémoire institutionnelle de la Direction du développement et de la coopération (DDC) à Berne. Actuellement, la multiplicité des systèmes d’information en place ne permet pas l’accès simple et unifié aux documents qui constituent la mémoire de l’institution, ce qui n’est pas sans conséquence pour elle. La réalisation d’un tel défi représente un enjeu stratégique qui nécessite une planification scrupuleuse mettant en oeuvre des ressources humaines, techniques et financières importantes. Il s’agit là d’un projet de grande envergure, lié à la philosophie générale de l’OAI-PMH et aux concepts d’interopérabilité et de saisie des métadonnées. Les professionnels de l’information et de la documentation sont de fervents défenseurs du mouvement des archives ouvertes car l'accès à l'information se situe au coeur même de leurs préoccupations. Pas étonnant donc que l’initiative visant à implanter une archive ouverte au sein d’une unité de l’administration fédérale émane de la Section Information + Documentation (Section I+D) de la DDC. Espérons que cette dernière se montrera disposée à s’insérer dans ce mouvement

Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis for Maximizing the Effectiveness of Ceftobiprole in the Treatment of Severe Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Infections

Ceftobiprole is a fifth-generation cephalosporin used for different Gram-positive bacterial infections. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted in real-life clinical patients to assess the adequacy of current dosages. Population pharmacokinetics was conducted using non-linear mixed effect modeling. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) of free trough or steady-state concentration over MIC (fCtrough/MIC or fCss/MIC) >= 1 or >= 4 associated with both the standard and intensified dosing regimens adjusted for renal function. Cumulative fraction of response (CFR) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) were also calculated. A total of 132 patients with 503 concentrations were included. Most of them (107/132, 81.1%) had hospital- or community-acquired pneumonia, endocarditis, and bacteremia. A three-compartment model adequately fitted ceftobiprole concentration-time data. Estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly affected drug clearance. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the optimal target of fCtrough/MIC or fCss/MIC >= 4 is achieved only with the use of the standard dosages administered by continuous infusion (CI) against MRSA infections in patients with preserved renal function. Intensified dosages administered by CI are needed in patients with impaired renal function and/or augmented renal clearance against MRSA and in patients with preserved renal functions against MRSE

Antibiotics from Deep-Sea Microorganisms : Current Discoveries and Perspectives

Funding: This research was funded by the MarPipe project: Improving the flow in the pipeline of the next generation of marine biodiscovery scientists, funded through the European Commission H2020-MSCA-ITN-ETN scheme, GA721421.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Emergency contraception: an updated review

Emergency contraception is a common practice now. Many categories of drugs are marketed with modifications in dosage, in combination and even in the timing of administration. Recent re-analysis suggests that there is still no uniformity of opinion on the actual mechanism of action and this has often fueled the ethical controversy. This review analyzes the most common emergency contraception drugs: levonorgestrel, mifepristone and ulipristal acetate about their action underlining that the hormonal products, when used in emergency contraception, play different roles depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle during which they are administered.This review aims to examine rigorously the most accredited literature to verify if a evidence-based uniformity of opinions has been achieved about the biological effects of hormones administered after the sexual intercourse

Risk factors for gram-negative bacterial infection of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: Multicentre observational study (CarDINe Study)

Background: Infections of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) are mainly due to Gram-positive bacteria (GPB). Data about Gram-negative bacteria CIED (GNB-CIED) infections are limited. This study aimed to investigate risk factors, clinical and diagnostic characteristics, and outcome of patients with GNB-CIED. Methods: A multicentre, international, retrospective, case-control-control study was performed on patients undergoing CIED implantation from 2015 to 2019 in 17 centres across Europe. For each patient diagnosed with GNB-CIED, one matching control with GPB-CIED infection and two matching controls without infection were selected. Results: A total of 236 patients were enrolled: 59 with GNB-CIED infection, 59 with GPB-CIED infection and 118 without infection. No between-group differences were found regarding clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic management. A trend toward a higher rate of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) positivity was observed among patients with GNB than in those with GPB-CIED infection (85.7% vs. 66.7%; P = 0.208). Risk factors for GNB-CIED infection were Charlson Comorbidity Index Score (relative risk reduction, RRR = 1.211; P = 0.011), obesity (RRR = 5.122; P = 0.008), ventricular-pacing ventricular-sensing inhibited-response pacemaker implantation (RRR = 3.027; P = 0.006) and right subclavian vein site of implantation (RRR = 5.014; P = 0.004). At 180-day survival analysis, GNB-CIED infection was associated with increased mortality risk (HR = 1.842; P = 0.067). Conclusions: Obesity, high number of comorbidities and right subclavian vein implantation site were associated with increased risk of GNB-CIED infection. A prompt therapeutic intervention that may be guided using FDG PET/CT is suggested in patients with GNB-CIED infection, considering the poorer outcome observed in this group

A retrospective multicentre study on dalbavancin effectiveness and cost-evaluation in sternotomic wound infection treatment: DALBA SWIT Study

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of dalbavancin compared with standard of care (SoC) treatment as daptomycin or teicoplanin in patients with sternal wound infections (SWI)

Antimicrobial Activity of Monoramnholipids Produced by Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Ross Sea (Antarctica)

Microorganisms living in extreme environments represent a huge reservoir of novel antimicrobial compounds and possibly of novel chemical families. Antarctica is one of the most extraordinary places on Earth and exhibits many distinctive features. Antarctic microorganisms are well known producers of valuable secondary metabolites. Specifically, several Antarctic strains have been reported to inhibit opportunistic human pathogens strains belonging to Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). Herein, we applied a biodiscovery pipeline for the identification of anti-Bcc compounds. Antarctic sub-sea sediments were collected from the Ross Sea, and used to isolate 25 microorganisms, which were phylogenetically affiliated to three bacterial genera (Psychrobacter, Arthrobacter, and Pseudomonas) via sequencing and analysis of 16S rRNA genes. They were then subjected to a primary cell-based screening to determine their bioactivity against Bcc strains. Positive isolates were used to produce crude extracts from microbial spent culture media, to perform the secondary screening. Strain Pseudomonas BNT1 was then selected for bioassay-guided purification employing SPE and HPLC. Finally, LC-MS and NMR structurally resolved the purified bioactive compounds. With this strategy, we achieved the isolation of three rhamnolipids, two of which were new, endowed with high (MIC < 1 μg/mL) and unreported antimicrobial activity against Bcc strains

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in pregnancy: a case series

Pregnancy is a recognized risk factor for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Headache is very frequent in normal pregnancy and it is a common sign shared between several intracranial diseases. We present a case series of 10 women in the third trimester of pregnancy admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) with neurological signs and symptoms. 4 of these patients were diagnosed with SAH. Data in this study suggest that a timely diagnosis and an appropriate treatment is crucial for mother and baby