General characteristics of the mismatch repair gene mutation carriers in the GEOLynch prospective cohort study.

<p>a College or university degree</p><p>b Highest tertile of the physical activity score</p><p>c CRC =  colorectal cancer</p><p>d History of colorectal adenoma and/or carcinoma</p><p>e Use of any dietary supplement during the last month</p><p>f E.g. glucosamine/chondroitin supplements, and garlic pills</p

General characteristics of the mismatch repair gene mutation carriers stratified by dietary supplement use in the GEOLynch prospective cohort study.

<p>a Use of any dietary supplement during the last month</p><p>b No use of dietary supplement during the last month</p><p>c College or university degree</p><p>d Highest tertile of the physical activity score <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066819#pone.0066819-Pols1" target="_blank">[31]</a></p><p>e CRC =  colorectal cancer</p><p>f History of colorectal adenoma and/or carcinoma</p><p>g E.g. glucosamine/chondroitin supplements, and garlic pills</p><p>h Calculated using Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables or the χ2 test for categorical variables</p

Association of any dietary supplement use and colorectal adenoma risk stratified for smoking status and total fruit and vegetables intake in the GEOLynch prospective cohort study of MMR gene mutation carriers.

<p>a No use of dietary supplements during the last month</p><p>b Use of any dietary supplement during the last month</p

Association of dietary supplement use and colorectal adenoma risk in the GEOLynch prospective cohort study of MMR gene mutation carriers.

<p>a No use of dietary supplements during the last month</p><p>b Use of any dietary supplement during the last month</p

Intake of fish and marine n-3 fatty acids in relation to coronary calcification:the Rotterdam Study

Background: Epidemiologic and experimental data suggest a cardioprotective effect of n23 (omega-3) fatty acids from fish [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]. Objective: The objective was to examine the association of fish and EPA plus DHA intakes with coronary calcification in a general older population. Design: Diet was assessed between 1990 and 1993 by using a semiquantitative 170-item food-frequency questionnaire. Coronary calcification was assessed \xe2\x89\x887 y later by electron-beam computed tomography in 1570 asymptomatic cardiac subjects with complete dietary data (44% men, mean age of 64 y). Calcium scores according to Agatston\'s method were divided into \xe2\x89\xa410 (no/minimal coronary calcification), 11-400 (mild/moderate calcification), and >400 (severe calcification). Prevalence ratios (PRs) for mild/moderate and severe calcification were obtained in categories of fish and EPA plus DHA intake. PRs were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and dietary factors. Results: Subjects with a fish intake >19 g/d had a significantly lower prevalence of mild/moderate calcification (PR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.98; full model) than did subjects who consumed no fish. Subjects with a high fish intake also had a lower prevalence of severe calcifi-cation (PR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.04), which was borderline statistically significant. EPA plus DHA intake showed no significant associations (PR: 0.93 and 0.97, respectively; P > 0.05). Conclusions: We found a weak inverse association between fish intake and coronary calcification. If confirmed in other population-based studies, more research is warranted to determine which components in fish can inhibit vascular calcification

Dietary Supplement Use and Colorectal Adenoma Risk in Individuals with Lynch Syndrome:The GEOLynch Cohort Study

<p>Background and Aims: Individuals with Lynch syndrome have a high lifetime risk of developing colorectal tumors. In this prospective cohort study of individuals with Lynch syndrome, we examined associations between use of dietary supplements and occurrence of colorectal adenomas.</p><p>Materials and Methods: Using data of 470 individuals with Lynch syndrome in a prospective cohort study, associations between dietary supplement use and colorectal adenoma risk were evaluated by calculating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, and number of colonoscopies during person time. Robust sandwich covariance estimation was used to account for dependency within families.</p><p>Results: Of the 470 mismatch repair gene mutation carriers, 122 (26.0%) developed a colorectal adenoma during an overall median person time of 39.1 months. 40% of the study population used a dietary supplement. Use of any dietary supplement was not statistically significantly associated with colorectal adenoma risk (HR = 1.18; 95% CI 0.80-1.73). Multivitamin supplement use (HR = 1.15; 95% CI 0.72-1.84), vitamin C supplement use (HR = 1.57; 95% CI 0.93-2.63), calcium supplement use (HR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.25-1.92), and supplements containing fish oil (HR = 1.60; 95% CI 0.79-3.23) were also not associated with occurrence of colorectal adenomas.</p><p>Conclusion: This prospective cohort study does not show inverse associations between dietary supplement use and occurrence of colorectal adenomas among individuals with Lynch syndrome. Further research is warranted to determine whether or not dietary supplement use is associated to colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer risk in MMR gene mutation carriers.</p>