17 research outputs found
NĂveis de fĂłsforo disponĂvel e cĂĄlcio em raçÔes suplementadas com fitase para frangos de corte nas fases de crescimento e final
Detection of enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B, and isolation of Clostridium difficile in piglets in Minas Gerais, Brazil
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
NĂveis de fĂłsforo disponĂvel e cĂĄlcio em raçÔes suplementadas com fitase para frangos de corte nas fases de crescimento e final
Avaliaram-se os nĂveis de cĂĄlcio e fĂłsforo disponĂvel (Pdisp) em raçÔes com fitase para frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb nas fases de crescimento (22 a 35 dias) e final (36 a 42 dias). Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 3 Ă 4 + 1, composto de trĂȘs nĂveis de Pdisp (0,36; 0,31; 0,26% na fase de crescimento e 0,33; 0,28; 0,23% na final), quatro nĂveis de cĂĄlcio (0,82; 0,72; 0,62; 0,52% para a fase de crescimento e 0,76; 0,66; 0,56; 0,46% para a final) e um nĂvel de suplementação da fitase (500 ftu/kg). As raçÔes controle nĂŁo foram suplementadas com fitase e continham, respectivamente, os seguintes nĂveis de Pdisp e cĂĄlcio: 0,41 e 0,82% (fase de crescimento) e 0,38 e 0,76% (final). Nos ensaios de desempenho, aos 35 e 42 dias de idade, avaliaram-se o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso, a conversĂŁo alimentar e o teor de cinzas na tĂbia. Nos ensaios de metabolismo, foram determinados os valores energĂ©ticos das raçÔes (EMAn) e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matĂ©ria seca (CMMS). Na fase de crescimento, a redução do cĂĄlcio e Pdisp para 0,52 e 0,26%, respectivamente, nĂŁo comprometeu o desempenho, a mineralização Ăłssea, a EMAn e o CMMS. Na fase final, a redução do cĂĄlcio e fĂłsforo disponĂvel para 0,56 e 0,28%, respectivamente, nĂŁo comprometeu o desempenho, a EMAn e o CMMS e melhorou a mineralização Ăłssea. Os nĂveis de cĂĄlcio e fĂłsforo disponĂvel em raçÔes para frangos de corte podem ser reduzidos para 0,52 e 0,26% na fase de crescimento e 0,56 e 0,28% na fase final desde que essa redução seja combinada com a suplementação de fitase no nĂvel de 500 ftu/kg de ração
Detection of toxins A/B and isolation of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens from dogs in Minas Gerais, Brazil
The objective of this study was to detect C. difficileA/B toxins and to isolate strains of C. perfringensand C. difficile from diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs in Brazil. Stool samples were collected from 57 dogs, 35 of which were apparently healthy, and 22 of which were diarrheic. C. difficileA/B toxins were detected by ELISA, and C. perfringensand C. difficilewere identified by multiplex PCR. C. difficileA/B toxins were detected in 21 samples (36.8%). Of these, 16 (76.2%) were from diarrheic dogs, and five (23.8%) were from non-diarrheic dogs. Twelve C. difficile strains (21.1%) were isolated, of which ten were A+B+and two were A-B-. All non-toxigenic strains were isolated from non-diarrheic animals. The binary toxin gene cdtBwas found in one strain, which was A+B+and was derived from a non-diarrheic dog. C. perfringensstrains were isolated from 40 samples (70.2%). Of these, 18 (45%) were from the diarrheic group, and 22 (55%) belonged to the non-diarrheic group. All isolates were classified as C. perfringenstype A and there was an association between the detection of the cpegene and the presence of diarrhea. Interestingly, ten strains (25%) were positive for the presence of the cpb2gene. The high rate of detection of the A/B toxins in non-diarrheic dogs suggests the occurrence of subclinical disease in dogs or carriage of its toxins without disease. More studies are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of C. difficileand C. perfringensin dogs and to better our understanding of C. difficileas a zoonotic agent. This is the first study to report the binary toxin gene in C. difficilestrains isolated from dogs in Brazil
Detection of enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B, and isolation of Clostridium difficile in piglets in Minas Gerais, Brazil Detecção da enterotoxina A e citotoxina B e isolamento de Clostridium difficile em leitÔes em Minas Gerais, Brasil
Clostridium difficile has emerged as a major cause of neonatal colitis in piglets, displacing classic bacterial pathogens. However, there is no information regarding the distribution of this microorganism in pig farms in Brazil. In the present study, the presence of toxins A/B and of C. difficile strains in stool samples from 60 diarrheic or non-diarrheic newborn piglets (one to seven days old), from 15 different farms, was studied. The presence of toxins A/B was detected by ELISA and PCR was used to identify toxin A, toxin B and binary toxin gene in each isolated strain. C. difficile A/B toxins were detected in ten samples (16.7%). Of these, seven were from diarrheic and three were from non-diarrheic piglets. C. difficile was recovered from 12 out of 60 (20%) fecal samples. Of those, three strains were non-toxigenic (A-B-) and nine were toxigenic. Of the nine toxigenic strains, four were A+B+ strains and five were A-B+ strains. The presence of binary toxin observed in the present study was much higher (50%) than in previously reported studies. All three non-toxigenic strains were isolated from otherwise healthy piglets. The results suggest the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea by C. difficile in farms in Brazil.<br>Clostridium difficile tem sido relatado como o principal causador de colite neonatal em suĂnos. Apesar da crescente importĂąncia deste agente, nĂŁo hĂĄ dados sobre infecçÔes causadas por C. difficile em suĂnos no Brasil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi detectar as toxinas A/B e isolar C. difficile a partir de 60 amostras de fezes de leitĂ”es diarreicos ou apararentemente saudĂĄveis, com no mĂĄximo sete dias de vida, e oriundos de 15 granjas diferentes. As toxinas A/B foram detectadas por ELISA e uma PCR multiplex foi utilizada para detecção dos genes responsĂĄveis pela codificação das toxinas A, B e toxina binĂĄria. As toxinas A/B de C. difficile foram detectadas em dez amostras de fezes (16.7%). Dessas, sete eram de animais diarreicos e trĂȘs de leitĂ”es aparentemente saudĂĄveis. Foi possĂvel isolar C. difficile em 12 das 60 (20%) amostras trabalhadas. Dessas, trĂȘs estirpes eram nĂŁo-toxigĂȘnicas (A-B-) e nove eram toxigĂȘnicas, sendo quatro caracterizadas como A+B+ e cinco como A-B+. O gene responsĂĄvel pela codificação da toxina binĂĄria foi encontrado em 50% das estirpes isoladas, proporção superior ao relatado em estudos anteriores. Todas as estirpes nĂŁo toxigĂȘnicas foram isoladas de animais nĂŁo diarreicos. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a ocorrĂȘncia de diarreia por C. difficile em granjas no Brasil