Phomopsis spp.endófitos de plantas medicinais : diversidade genética e antagonismo ao fungo Guignardia citricarpa /

Orientadora: Chirlei GlienkeCo-orientador: Joăo Lúcio de AzevedoDissertaçăo (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Cięncias Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduaçăo em Genética. Defesa: Curitiba, 2008Inclui bibliografia e anexo

Accuracy, precision and robustness of in vivo dry matter digestibility estimates by different markers in ovine

O objetivo foi avaliar a acurácia, precisão e robustez das estimativas da digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca obtidas utilizando-se como indicadores fibra em detergente ácido indigestível (FDAi), fibra em detergente neutro (FDNi) indigestível, lignina em detergente ácido (LDA), LDA indigestível (LDAi) e óxido crômico em comparação ao método de coleta total de fezes. Dezoito ovinos (56,5 ± 4,6 kg PV) foram designados aleatoriamente a dietas compostas de 25, 50 ou 75% de concentrado e feno de Coast cross por 25 dias. As fezes foram coletadas por cinco dias para determinação da digestibilidade aparente da MS. As amostras de alimentos e fezes foram incubadas no rúmen de três bovinos por 144 horas, para obtenção das frações indigestíveis. Óxido crômico foi administrado a 4,0 g/animal/dia. A acurácia foi avaliada pela comparação do viés médio (DAMS predito - DAMS observado) entre os indicadores; a precisão, por meio da raiz quadrada do erro de predição e do erro residual; e a robustez, pelo estudo da regressão entre o viés e o consumo de matéria seca, o nível de concentrado e o peso vivo. A recuperação fecal e a acurácia das estimativas da digestibilidade aparente da MS foram maiores para FDAi, seguida pela FDNi, LDAi, pelo óxido crômico e depois pela lignina em detergente ácido. O viés linear foi significativo apenas para FDAi, FDNi e LDAi. O uso de óxido crômico permitiu estimativas mais precisas da digestibilidade aparente da MS. Todos os indicadores foram robustos quanto à variação no consumo de matéria seca e apenas LDAi e óxido crômico foram robustos quanto aos níveis de concentrado na dieta. O óxido crômico não foi robusto quando houve variação no peso vivo animal. Assim, a FDAi é o indicador mais recomendado na estimativa da digestibilidade aparente da MS em ovinos quando o objetivo é comparar aos dados da literatura, enquanto o óxido crômico é mais recomendado quando o objetivo é comparar tratamentos dentro de um mesmo experimento.This study aimed at evaluating the accuracy, precision and robustness of in vivo dry matter apparent digestibility estimates (DMAD), using as markers indigestible acid detergent fiber, indigestible neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, indigestible acid detergent lignin and chromic oxide in comparison to the fecal total collection. Eighteen wethers (56.5 ± 4.6 kg BW) were randomly assigned to diets containing 25, 50 or 75% of concentrate and Coast cross hay for 25 days. Feces were collected during the five days to determine apparent digestibility of dry matter and samples of feed and feces were incubated for 144 hours in bovine rumen to obtain the indigestible fractions. Chromic oxide (4.0 g/animal) was offered daily. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing mean bias of estimates (predicted dry matter apparent digestibility - observed dry matter apparent digestibility) among markers. Precision was assessed by the root mean square prediction error and the residual error; robustness was studied by the regression between bias and dry matter intake, diet concentrate level and animal body weight. Fecal recovery and accuracy of dry matter apparent digestibility estimates were higher for indigestible acid detergent fiber, followed by indigestible neutral detergent fiber, indigestible acid detergent lignin and chromic oxide, and at last for acid detergent lignin. Linear bias was significant only for indigestible acid detergent fiber, indigestible neutral detergent fiber and indigestible acid detergent lignin. By using chromic oxide it was possible to estimate dry matter apparent digestibility more precisely. All markers were robust regarding to variation of dry matter intake while only indigestible acid detergent lignin and chromic oxide were robust regarding to concentrate levels in the diet. Chromic oxide was not robust when animal body weight varied. In this experimental condition, indigestible acid detergent fiber is the most recommended marker to estimate dry matter apparent digestibility in ovine when the objective is to compare the results with the ones found in literature. On the other hand, chromic oxide is the most recommended marker when the objective is to compare treatments within the same experiment

Agentes solidificantes e carvão ativado no cultivo in vitro de Solanum sessiliflorum

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the solidifying agents agar and phytagel and of activated charcoal on the in vitro cultivation of two maná cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum) varieties: Thaís and Santa Luzia. The phytotechnical characteristics analyzed included number of leaves, number of roots, shoot and root length, and fresh matter of shoot and root. Regardless of the variety, phytagel was superior to agar as a culture medium. A greater number of leaves and longer shoots were observed in the Santa Luzia variety, in the absence of charcoal. The Thaís variety showed longer shoots and roots in the presence of charcoal.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos dos agentes solidificantes ágar e phytagel e do carvão ativado no cultivo in vitro de duas variedades de maná cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum): Thaís e Santa Luzia. As características fitotécnicas analisadas incluíram número de folhas, número de raízes, comprimento de parte aérea e raiz, e massa de matéria fresca de parte aérea e raiz. Independentemente da variedade, o phytagel foi superior ao ágar como meio de cultura. Observou-se maior número de folhas e comprimento da parte aérea na variedade Santa Luzia, na ausência de carvão. A variedade Thaís apresentou maior comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz na presença de carvão.

Knowledge of Avulsion of Permanent Teeth Emergency Management Among Undergraduate in Brazilian Health Care Students

Objective: To assess the knowledge of undergraduate health care students, about avulsion of permanent teeth. Material and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of Brazilian undergraduate students of the nursing, medicine, and dentistry degree programs. A structured questionnaire developed by the researchers, containing 18 objective questions about avulsion of permanent teeth was used as the data collection. Data analysis included Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's Exact. Results: A total of 82.7% dental students, 22.9% nursing students, and 23% medical students had previously received some information about dental trauma. Students in the second half of the dentistry program had a higher percentage of correct answers in all questions (p<0.05). Being in the first or second half of the nursing program had no relation to the percentage of correct answers by students for any questions (p>0.05). Students in the first half of the medical program had a higher percentage of correct answers for six of these questions (p<0.05). Dentistry students had the highest percentage of correct answers in all the questions (p<0.001). Conclusion: Although students from the dentistry degree program report having information on avulsion of permanent teeth, their practical experience was considered low. Upon comparing students from the dentistry, nursing, and medical degree programs regarding their learning about avulsion of permanent teeth, dentistry students had greater knowledge on the subject

Toxoplasma gondii-skeletal muscle cells interaction increases lipid droplet biogenesis and positively modulates the production of IL-12, IFN-g and PGE2

Background: The interest in the mechanisms involved in Toxoplasma gondii lipid acquisition has steadily increased during the past few decades, but it remains not completely understood. Here, we investigated the biogenesis and the fate of lipid droplets (LD) of skeletal muscle cells (SkMC) during their interaction with T. gondii by confocal and electron microscopy. We also evaluated whether infected SkMC modulates the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (INF-g), and also the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene induction. Methods: Primary culture of skeletal muscle cells were infected with tachyzoites of T. gondii and analysed by confocal microscopy for observation of LD. Ultrastructural cytochemistry was also used for lipid and sarcoplasmatic reticulum (SR) detection. Dosage of cytokines (IL-12 and INF-g) by ELISA technique and enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) for PGE2 measurement were employed. The COX-2 gene expression analysis was performed by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: We demonstrated that T. gondii infection of SkMC leads to increase in LD number and area in a time course dependent manner. Moreover, the ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that SR and LD are in direct contact with parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), within the vacuolar matrix, around it and interacting directly with the membrane of parasite, indicating that LD are recruited and deliver their content inside the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) in T. gondii-infected SkMC. We also observed a positive modulation of the production of IL-12 and IFN-g, increase of COX-2 mRNA levels in the first hour of T. gondii-SkMC interaction and an increase of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis from 6 h up to 48 h of infection. Conclusions: Taken together, the close association between SR and LD with PV could represent a source of lipids as well as other nutrients for the parasite survival, and together with the increased levels of IL-12, INF-g and inflammatory indicators PGE2 and COX-2 might contribute to the establishment and maintenance of chronic phase of the T. gondii infection in muscle cell

Performance and morfhometric characteristics of Santa Inês sheep and Texel x Santa Inês lambs on pasture

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristics of the morphometric sheep of the Santa Inês breed, recently-Paris, with their respective Lamb Texel x Santa Inês, a paste, in creep feeding system. For this purpose, 30 Sheeps and theirs and the respective lamb were used for natural breastfeeding for 60 days until weaning. The randomized blocks used, with two Treatments (absence of the presence of the private feeder), with 10 repetitions, being shadow sheep by repetition municipality or relative lamb. In Studies on the termination of two Cordeiro, the bone of heavy animals was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiments (25 days), using the 30-Cordeiro weaned. The randomized blocks, used with three Treatments (0.400 of 800 g of concentrate / lamb / DIA). There was no difference in weight between the sheep outside of Cordeiro (supplemented or not). There were no two treatments effect on the morphometric characteristics among the sheep outside between the Lamb bone. The use of creep feeding did not provide greater weight gain in recovery to give weight to give infant sheep, nor did it provide greater weight gain, we Lamb supplemented in relation to this not supplemented during breastfeeding, but the supplementary feed 400g / animal / day in the finishing phase it shows better results for I gained two lambs of weight.Brazilian sheep farming has been gaining prominence with the increase in meat production, seeking more efficiency and profitability. Thus, the creation of the Santa Inês breed has stood out, as it is highly adaptable to different types of environments and has potential for meat production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristics of the morphometric sheep of the Santa Inês breed, recently-Paris, with their respective lamb Texel x Santa Inês, a paste, in creep feeding system. For this purpose, 30 Sheeps and theirs and the respective lamb were used for natural breastfeeding for 60 days until weaning. The randomized blocks used, with two treatments (absence of the presence of the private feeder), with 10 repetitions, being shadow sheep by repetition municipality or relative lamb. In studies on the termination of two lambs, the bone of heavy animals was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiments (25 days), using the 30-lambs weaned. The randomized blocks, used with three treatments (0, 400 and 800 g of concentrate/lamb/day). There was no difference in weight between the sheep outside of lamb (supplemented or not). There were no two treatments effect on the morphometric characteristics among the sheep outside between the lamb bone. The use of creep feeding to supplement lambs kept on natural lactation does not provide weight gain in sheep, nor does it provide weight gain in supplemented lambs. Lamb supplementation does not influence the morphometric characteristics of ewes and lambs during lactation. Private supplementation during breastfeeding does not increase lambs’ weight gain until weaning, but food supplementation, via creep feeding with 400 g/animal/day, in the finishing phase presents the best results for weight gain