Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in juvenile offenders in the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ, Brazil)

Cresce no Brasil a prevalência de jovens infratores, principalmente do gênero feminino. A literatura aponta para prevalências aumentadas de transtornos mentais entre esses jovens em vários países, mas no Brasil faltam estudos. O objetivo é avaliar a prevalência de transtornos mentais em adolescentes sob medida socioeducativa, considerando como hipótese sua diferença entre gêneros com base no tipo de delito cometido. O instrumento usado foi o K-SADS-PL. Como resultados, alta prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos entre adolescentes infratores, sendo os mais prevalentes: transtorno de déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (33%), transtorno da conduta (77%), transtorno desafiador opositivo (50%), transtornos de ansiedade (70%), transtorno depressivo (50%), abuso de drogas ilícitas (70%) e abuso de álcool (52%). O abuso de álcool aumentou em 2,4 vezes a chance de um adolescente cometer delito violento. Esses dados sugerem às autoridades em saúde pública que tanto a detecção quanto o tratamento precoce de transtornos psiquiátricos na infância podem ajudar na prevenção de atos infratores. Sugerem também que o tratamento em saúde mental dos jovens sob custódia da lei deve ser parte fundamental da recuperação e da ressocialização deles.The prevalence of juvenile offenders in Brazil, mainly among young females, is on the increase. The literature on this issue indicates an increased incidence of mental disorders among young offenders in several countries, though studies in Brazil are lacking. The aim of this article is to study the prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents from a socio-educational standpoint, taking as a hypothesis the gender difference and the type of offense committed. The instrument used was the K-SADS-PL. As results, we found a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among juvenile offenders, the most common being: attention deficit hhyperactivity disorder (33.3%); behavioral disorder (77%); oppositional defiant disorder (50%), anxiety disorders (70%), depressive disorder (50%), illicit drug abuse/dependence (70%), and alcohol abuse/dependence (52%). Alcohol abuse/dependence caused a 2.4-fold increase in the probability of adolescents committing a violent offence. Public health authorities should concentrate on early diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders in childhood to reduce future violations. It is also suggested that mental health treatment of detained juveniles should be a fundamental part of the recuperation and reintegration of young offenders into society

FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES(AS) PARA A INFÂNCIA NA AMAZÔNIA: AS EXPERIÊNCIAS DO SEMINÁRIO SOBRE A INFÂNCIA – SEMIN

As políticas públicas de formação de professoras (es) para a Educação Básica e em especial a Educação Infantil, coerente com os princípios educacionais de qualidade estabelecidos pelos documentos oficiais do governo federal para atendimento à infância, têm se constituído um desafio em termos estruturais, físicos e em especial da própria formação docente inicial e continuada. Nesse sentido, o artigo apresenta a experiência em formação de professoras (es) para a infância a partir do Seminário sobre a Infância (SEMIN), constituído como espaço de debates, questionamentos e  reflexões sobre o processo constitutivos da formação de professores no contexto Amazônico

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn) propagation. New Technologies and innovations

The different propagation systems for litchis are reviewed. After examining the main morphological and developmental characteristics of the plant and the description of the structures and materials, including types of substrate required for the propagation of this species, the different methods for its propagation are discussed. Propagation by seeds is only used for breeding or research purposes or for raising rootstock for grafting. Although propagation by cuttings is done in many countries and stooling has been reported as highly successful in India, air layering is the most common commercial way of propagation for this species. Despite that the cambium activity varies from place to place around the stem with only 30% of the cambium being active at any one time grafting is of current use in China

High frequency of non-compliance of quality indicators in oral nutritional therapy in hospitalized patients

Background: Quality indicators are important tools in clinical practice for assessing and monitoring the quality of nutritional therapy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of oral nutritional therapy of a Public University Hospital at tertiary level, through Quality Indicators in Oral Nutrition Therapy (IQTNO). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with data related to all patients using Oral Nutrition Therapy, admitted to four clinical and surgical patients' wards, aged 18 years and over, between November/2017 and May/2018. Four indicators were applied, as recommended by the Clinical Nutrition task force of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI-Brazil) and a specific recommendation of the literature, using percentage targets. Statistical analyzes were performed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program. Results: Data were collected from 214 patients, 59.3% male, with a mean age of 58.5 ± 1.26 years. No indicator reached the proposed target, being in non compliance: application of Subjective Global Assessment (48.13%); non-compliance with oral nutritional therapy indication (73.36%); fasting over 24 hours in oral nutritional therapy (50%) and reassessment of patients in the last 7 days (5.61%). Conclusion: None of the indicators evaluated reached the goals for compliance in the analyzed service. The non-conformities found could be corrected with the implementation of protocols, as well as training and continuing education for health professionals.UFU - Universidade Federal de UberlândiaIntrodução: Os indicadores de qualidade são ferramentas importantes na prática clínica para avaliação e monitoramento da qualidade da terapia nutricional. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da terapia nutricional oral de um Hospital Público Universitário de nível terciário, por meio de Indicadores de Qualidade em Terapia Nutricional Oral (IQTNO). Métodos: Foi realizado estudo transversal com dados relacionados a todos os pacientes em uso de Terapia Nutricional Oral, admitidos em quatro enfermarias de pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos, com 18 anos ou mais, ambos os sexos, no período de Novembro/2017 à Maio/2018. Foram aplicados quatro indicadores, conforme recomendação da força tarefa de Nutrição Clínica da International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI - Brasil) e recomendação específica da literatura, por meio de metas percentuais. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Resultados: Foram coletados dados referentes a 214 pacientes, 59,3% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 58,5±1,26 anos. Nenhum indicador atingiu a meta proposta, estando em não conformidade: aplicação de Avaliação Global Subjetiva (48,13%); não conformidade da indicação da terapia nutricional oral (73,36%); jejum superior à 24h em terapia nutricional oral (50%) e reavaliação de pacientes nos últimos 7 dias (5,61%). Conclusão: Nenhum dos indicadores avaliados atingiram as metas para conformidade no serviço analisado. As não conformidades encontradas poderiam ser corrigidas com a implantação de protocolos, além de capacitação e educação continuada aos profissionais de saúde

Biometry of leaves, fruits and seeds of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi Willd)

Mabolo, originaria de Filipinas, de condiciones favorables para el crecimiento y la producción comercial en Brasil, es propagada vía semilla o por estacas. Considerando la variabilidad entre huertos frutales, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar la biometria de frutos, semillas y hojas de mabolo pertenecientes al Banco Activo de Germoplasma de la UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal. Fueron recolectados 50 frutos y 50 hojas de tres accesos de plantas adultas obtenidas por semilla, determinándose en los frutos y semillas: masa (g), largo y ancho (cm), además del porcentaje de pulpa y número medio de semillas por fruto. En las hojas fue medido el largo y ancho (cm), además de la longitud del pecíolo (cm) y el área foliar total (cm2). La clasificación biométrica, basada en intervalos de frecuencia de frutos, reveló que el acceso A1 presentó mayor cantidad de frutos con porcentaje médio de pulpa y frutos con cascara más leve. La comparación de los accesos, basada apenas en la média, evidenció que el acceso A3 presentó mayor média de masa, largo, ancho del fruto, además de la masa de la pulpa. La biometria foliar de hojas en el acceso A3 presentó apenas la mayor média en el ancho foliar y largo del pecíolo. Tanto la clasificación biométrica en intervalos de frecuencia, como el uso de medias, mostró apenas pequeñas diferencias entre los accesos de mabolo con relación a la biometría de las hojas, no evidenciando cambios en la morfología de las hojas de las plantas de los tres accesos

Biometry of leaves, fruits and seeds of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi Willd)

Mabolo, originaria de Filipinas, de condiciones favorables para el crecimiento y la producción comercial en Brasil, es propagada vía semilla o por estacas. Considerando la variabilidad entre huertos frutales, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar la biometria de frutos, semillas y hojas de mabolo pertenecientes al Banco Activo de Germoplasma de la UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal. Fueron recolectados 50 frutos y 50 hojas de tres accesos de plantas adultas obtenidas por semilla, determinándose en los frutos y semillas: masa (g), largo y ancho (cm), además del porcentaje de pulpa y número medio de semillas por fruto. En las hojas fue medido el largo y ancho (cm), además de la longitud del pecíolo (cm) y el área foliar total (cm2). La clasificación biométrica, basada en intervalos de frecuencia de frutos, reveló que el acceso A1 presentó mayor cantidad de frutos con porcentaje médio de pulpa y frutos con cascara más leve. La comparación de los accesos, basada apenas en la média, evidenció que el acceso A3 presentó mayor média de masa, largo, ancho del fruto, además de la masa de la pulpa. La biometria foliar de hojas en el acceso A3 presentó apenas la mayor média en el ancho foliar y largo del pecíolo. Tanto la clasificación biométrica en intervalos de frecuencia, como el uso de medias, mostró apenas pequeñas diferencias entre los accesos de mabolo con relación a la biometría de las hojas, no evidenciando cambios en la morfología de las hojas de las plantas de los tres accesos.Mabolo originally from the Philippines, favorable conditions for growth and commercial production in Brazil, being propagated via seeds or cuttings. Considering the variabilidade between orchards francs. The present research aimed to evaluate the biometrics of fruits, seeds and leaves of mabolo from Active Germplasm Bank of UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal city, São Paulo state, Brazil. Fifty fruits and fifty leaves were collected from three accesses of mabolo obtained by seed and with different morphological features, determining in fruits and seeds: mass (g), length and width (cm), and the percentage of pulp and average number of seeds per fruit. In the leaves was measured the length and width (cm), and for the petiole length (cm) and leaf area (cm2). The biometric classification based on frequency ranges of Mabolo fruit, revealed that access A1 had higher amounts of fruits with a mean percentage of fruit pulp and rind with lighter. The comparison of access, based only on mean, showed that the A3 access had higher mean weight, length and width of the fruit, beyond the mass of pulp. The leaf biometrics in access A3 presented only the highest mean in leaf width and petiole length. Both biometric classification in frequency ranges, such as the use of medium, showed only small differences between accesses of Mabolo with relation to leaf biometrics, showing no changes in leaf morphology of plants of the three accesses.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Biometry of leaves, fruits and seeds of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi Willd)

Mabolo, originaria de Filipinas, de condiciones favorables para el crecimiento y la producción comercial en Brasil, es propagada vía semilla o por estacas. Considerando la variabilidad entre huertos frutales, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar la biometria de frutos, semillas y hojas de mabolo pertenecientes al Banco Activo de Germoplasma de la UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal. Fueron recolectados 50 frutos y 50 hojas de tres accesos de plantas adultas obtenidas por semilla, determinándose en los frutos y semillas: masa (g), largo y ancho (cm), además del porcentaje de pulpa y número medio de semillas por fruto. En las hojas fue medido el largo y ancho (cm), además de la longitud del pecíolo (cm) y el área foliar total (cm2). La clasificación biométrica, basada en intervalos de frecuencia de frutos, reveló que el acceso A1 presentó mayor cantidad de frutos con porcentaje médio de pulpa y frutos con cascara más leve. La comparación de los accesos, basada apenas en la média, evidenció que el acceso A3 presentó mayor média de masa, largo, ancho del fruto, además de la masa de la pulpa. La biometria foliar de hojas en el acceso A3 presentó apenas la mayor média en el ancho foliar y largo del pecíolo. Tanto la clasificación biométrica en intervalos de frecuencia, como el uso de medias, mostró apenas pequeñas diferencias entre los accesos de mabolo con relación a la biometría de las hojas, no evidenciando cambios en la morfología de las hojas de las plantas de los tres accesos.Mabolo originally from the Philippines, favorable conditions for growth and commercial production in Brazil, being propagated via seeds or cuttings. Considering the variabilidade between orchards francs. The present research aimed to evaluate the biometrics of fruits, seeds and leaves of mabolo from Active Germplasm Bank of UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal city, São Paulo state, Brazil. Fifty fruits and fifty leaves were collected from three accesses of mabolo obtained by seed and with different morphological features, determining in fruits and seeds: mass (g), length and width (cm), and the percentage of pulp and average number of seeds per fruit. In the leaves was measured the length and width (cm), and for the petiole length (cm) and leaf area (cm2). The biometric classification based on frequency ranges of Mabolo fruit, revealed that access A1 had higher amounts of fruits with a mean percentage of fruit pulp and rind with lighter. The comparison of access, based only on mean, showed that the A3 access had higher mean weight, length and width of the fruit, beyond the mass of pulp. The leaf biometrics in access A3 presented only the highest mean in leaf width and petiole length. Both biometric classification in frequency ranges, such as the use of medium, showed only small differences between accesses of Mabolo with relation to leaf biometrics, showing no changes in leaf morphology of plants of the three accesses.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Biometry of leaves, fruits and seeds of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi Willd)

Mabolo, originaria de Filipinas, de condiciones favorables para el crecimiento y la producción comercial en Brasil, es propagada vía semilla o por estacas. Considerando la variabilidad entre huertos frutales, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar la biometria de frutos, semillas y hojas de mabolo pertenecientes al Banco Activo de Germoplasma de la UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal. Fueron recolectados 50 frutos y 50 hojas de tres accesos de plantas adultas obtenidas por semilla, determinándose en los frutos y semillas: masa (g), largo y ancho (cm), además del porcentaje de pulpa y número medio de semillas por fruto. En las hojas fue medido el largo y ancho (cm), además de la longitud del pecíolo (cm) y el área foliar total (cm2). La clasificación biométrica, basada en intervalos de frecuencia de frutos, reveló que el acceso A1 presentó mayor cantidad de frutos con porcentaje médio de pulpa y frutos con cascara más leve. La comparación de los accesos, basada apenas en la média, evidenció que el acceso A3 presentó mayor média de masa, largo, ancho del fruto, además de la masa de la pulpa. La biometria foliar de hojas en el acceso A3 presentó apenas la mayor média en el ancho foliar y largo del pecíolo. Tanto la clasificación biométrica en intervalos de frecuencia, como el uso de medias, mostró apenas pequeñas diferencias entre los accesos de mabolo con relación a la biometría de las hojas, no evidenciando cambios en la morfología de las hojas de las plantas de los tres accesos.Mabolo originally from the Philippines, favorable conditions for growth and commercial production in Brazil, being propagated via seeds or cuttings. Considering the variabilidade between orchards francs. The present research aimed to evaluate the biometrics of fruits, seeds and leaves of mabolo from Active Germplasm Bank of UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal city, São Paulo state, Brazil. Fifty fruits and fifty leaves were collected from three accesses of mabolo obtained by seed and with different morphological features, determining in fruits and seeds: mass (g), length and width (cm), and the percentage of pulp and average number of seeds per fruit. In the leaves was measured the length and width (cm), and for the petiole length (cm) and leaf area (cm2). The biometric classification based on frequency ranges of Mabolo fruit, revealed that access A1 had higher amounts of fruits with a mean percentage of fruit pulp and rind with lighter. The comparison of access, based only on mean, showed that the A3 access had higher mean weight, length and width of the fruit, beyond the mass of pulp. The leaf biometrics in access A3 presented only the highest mean in leaf width and petiole length. Both biometric classification in frequency ranges, such as the use of medium, showed only small differences between accesses of Mabolo with relation to leaf biometrics, showing no changes in leaf morphology of plants of the three accesses.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale