Remaily Seedless Grape

Since the late 19th century when grape breeding began at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, a major goal has been to combine certain fruit attributes such as seedlessness, crisp texture, and adherent skin of Vitis vinifera L. table grapes with some of the vegetative characters such as disease resistance and cold hardiness of native American hybrid (V. labruscana, Bailey) grape cultivars

2-(1,3-Benzothia­zol-2-yl)guanidinium chloride

The non-H atoms of the cation of the title salt, C8H9N4S+·Cl−, are approximately co-planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.037 Å), with one amino group forming an intra­molecular hydrogen bond to the tertiary N atom of the benzothia­zole fused-ring system. The cations and anions are linked by cyclic R 2 1(6) N—H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding associations, generating helical chains running along the b-axis direction

N-(4,6-Dimethyl­pyrimidin-2-yl)-1,3-benzothia­zol-2-amine

In the title compound, C13H12N4S, an amino N atom is connected to a 1,3-benzothia­zole fused-ring system and a dimethyl-substituted pyrimidine ring, these components being aligned [inter­planar dihedral angle = 1.9 (1)°]. The secondary amino N atom forms an inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond to an N atom of the fused ring of an adjacent mol­ecule, generating a centrosymmetric cyclic hydrogen-bonded dimer [graph set R 2 2(8)]

2-(1,3-Benzothia­zol-2-yl)guanidine

In the title comound, C8H8N4S, one of the two independent mol­ecules is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.025 Å), while the other is slightly buckled (r.m.s. deviation = 0.131 Å) with the guanidine unit bent out of the plane of the fused-ring system by 16.8 (1)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds between the two independent mol­ecules give rise to a hydrogen-bonded dimer. Addtional weak inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds connect these dimers into chains along [010]. An intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond is also observed in each independent mol­ecule

2-Amino-4-phenyl-4H,10H-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazol-3-ium chloride

2-Guanidinobenzimidazole condenses with benzaldehyde in the presence of hydro­chloric acid to form 2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole, which was isolated as its hydro­chloride, C15H14N5 +·Cl−. The positive charge of the cation is formally placed on the double-bonded N atom of the dihydro­triazine ring. The six-membered dihydro­triazine that is fused with the benzimidazole ring system is relatively flat (r.m.s. deviation = 0.106 Å), with the methine C atom deviating most [0.164 (1) Å] from the mean-square plane. The phenyl ring connected to the methine C atom is disordered over two positions in a 0.558 (1):0.442 (1) ratio; the two orientations are aligned at 85.1 (1) and 89.6 (1)° with respect to the dihydro­triazine ring. In the crystal, adjacent cations and anions are linked by N—H⋯N and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, generating a double chain running along the b axis

2-(1,3-Benzoxazol-2-yl)guanidinium chloride

The non-H atoms of the cation of the title salt, C8H9N4O+·Cl−, are approximately co-planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.024 Å) with one amino group forming an intra­molecular hydrogen bond to the tertiary N atom of the benzoxazole fused-ring system. The cations and anions are linked by cyclic R 2 1(6) N—H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding associations, generating linear chains running along the a-axis direction

N-(4,6-Dimethyl­pyrimidin-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine

There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H13N5. In each mol­ecule, an amino N atom is connected to a benzimidazole fused-ring system and a pyrimidine ring [these are aligned at 1.3 (1)° in one independent mol­ecule and at 5.4 (1)° in the other]. The amino N atom of the fused ring forms an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond to a pyrimidine N atom in each mol­ecule. The amino N atom connecting the two ring systems inter­acts with the other N atom of the pyrimidine ring of an adjacent mol­ecule, generating centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers

Conversion of Isatins to Tryptanthrins, Heterocycles Endowed with a Myriad of Bioactivities

International audienceThe numerous bioactivities exhibited by tryptanthrins led chemists to develop synthetic approaches towards this important scaffold. In particular, conversion of isatins into tryptanthrins has been the subject of several studies. In this context, by using iodine and potassium hydroxide at room temperature, we have discovered a simple way to convert isatin and seven of its 5-substituted derivatives (Bu, F, Cl, Br, I, OMe and OCF 3 ) into the corresponding tryptanthrins. Furthermore, a mechanism was proposed to explain this original reactivity. Finally, we evaluated the antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of the synthesized tryptanthrins. The unprecedented inhibition of human 20S constitutive proteasome was finally evaluated

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised