153 research outputs found
Premalignant lesions of prostate and their association with nodular hyperplasia and carcinoma prostate
BACKGROUND: A relatively new development in the arena of prostatic
histopathological study is the premalignant proliferative changes in
the glandular epithelium, possibly relating to carcinoma. Two major
categories have come up, namely prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
(PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). AIMS: The aims of
present study were to identify foci of the two putative premalignant
conditions viz. PIN and AAH in ducto-acinar lining epithelia of 200
prostatectomy specimens and their association with nodular hyperplasia
and adenocarcinoma prostate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Micro sections
from 200 prostatectomy specimens, received in the Department of
Pathology, PGIMS, Rohtak, were extensively studied for the presence and
association of premalignant conditions. Significant values were
obtained by employing Chi-square (x2) test, with P value <0.05 as
significant. RESULTS: Out of 177 cases of nodular hyperplasia, 53
(29.9%) showed PIN and 38 (20.3%) showed presence of AAH. All 6 cases
(100%) of pure carcinoma revealed foci of PIN. Out of the remaining 23
cases of carcinoma with nodular hyperplasia, foci of PIN were observed
in 16 cases (94.1%) and AAH in 2 cases (11.7%). High-grade PIN was
observed in 20 cases (86.9%) of the total 23 cases of carcinoma,
with/without nodular hyperplasia and 20 cases (11.2%) of nodular
hyperplasia. Low-grade PIN was observed in 33 cases (18.6%) of nodular
hyperplasia and in only 1 case (5.8%) of carcinoma prostate with
nodular hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: PIN, especially high-grade type was
the most commonly observed premalignant lesion, in cases of
adenocarcinoma, thereby suggesting it to be the likely precursor of
carcinoma prostate. AAH showed a weaker association with carcinoma
Sonoluminescence and collapse dynamics of multielectron bubbles in helium
Multielectron bubbles (MEBs) differ from gas-filled bubbles in that it is the
Coulomb repulsion of a nanometer thin layer of electrons that forces the bubble
open rather than the pressure of an enclosed gas. We analyze the implosion of
MEBs subjected to a pressure step, and find that despite the difference in the
underlying processes the collapse dynamics is similar to that of gas-filled
bubbles. When the MEB collapses, the electrons inside it undergo strong
accelerations, leading to the emission of radiation. This type of
sonoluminescence does not involve heating and ionisation of any gas inside the
bubble. We investigate the conditions necessary to obtain sonoluminescence from
multielectron bubbles and calculate the power spectrum of the emitted
radiation.Comment: 6 figure
Primary vaginal Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a 17-year-old woman: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Primary Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the genital tract of women is uncommon. Rarer still is its occurrence in the vagina, with only five cases described so far. Out of these, only one case was confirmed using molecular analysis.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present an extremely rare case of Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a 17-year-old Indian girl. She presented with a vaginal mass that was initially diagnosed as a malignant round cell tumor. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positivity for vimentin, membranous positivity for MIC2, and positivity for BCL2 and FLI-1. On the other hand, she was negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, Myo D-1, myogenin and smooth muscle actin. A diagnosis of primitive neuroectodermal tumor was thus offered. Furthermore, a molecular analysis of our patient using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique showed positivity for t(11; 22) (q24; q12) (EWSR1-FLI1), thus confirming the diagnosis of a Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Our patient was offered chemotherapy on Institutional protocol EFT 2001.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is a rare case of primary vaginal Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor, which was confirmed with molecular analysis, in the youngest patient known so far. This study reinforces the value of integrating morphological features with membranous MIC2 positivity, along with application of molecular techniques in objective identification of an Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor at uncommon sites.</p
Efeitos na cultura do trigo da rotação com milho e adubos verdes, na presença e na ausĂȘncia de adubação nitrogenada
HighPâTNano-Mechanics of Polycrystalline Nickel
We have conducted highPâTsynchrotron X-ray and time-of-flight neutron diffraction experiments as well as indentation measurements to study equation of state, constitutive properties, and hardness of nanocrystalline and bulk nickel. Our lattice volumeâpressure data present a clear evidence of elastic softening in nanocrystalline Ni as compared with the bulk nickel. We show that the enhanced overall compressibility of nanocrystalline Ni is a consequence of the higher compressibility of the surface shell of Ni nanocrystals, which supports the results of molecular dynamics simulation and a generalized model of a nanocrystal with expanded surface layer. The analytical methods we developed based on the peak-profile of diffraction data allow us to identify âmicro/localâ yield due to high stress concentration at the grain-to-grain contacts and âmacro/bulkâ yield due to deviatoric stress over the entire sample. The graphic approach of our strain/stress analyses can also reveal the corresponding yield strength, grain crushing/growth, work hardening/softening, and thermal relaxation under highPâTconditions, as well as the intrinsic residual/surface strains in the polycrystalline bulks. From micro-indentation measurements, we found that a low-temperature annealing (T < 0.4 Tm) hardens nanocrystalline Ni, leading to an inverse HallâPetch relationship. We explain this abnormal HallâPetch effect in terms of impurity segregation to the grain boundaries of the nanocrystalline Ni
Evaluation of sesamum gum as an excipient in matrix tablets
In developing countries modern medicines are often beyond the affordability of the majority of the population. This is due to the reliance on expensive imported raw materials despite the abundance of natural resources which could provide an equivalent or even an improved function. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of sesamum gum (SG) extracted from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum (readily cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa) as a matrix former. Directly compressed matrix tablets were prepared from the extract and compared with similar matrices of HPMC (K4M) using theophylline as a model water soluble drug. The compaction, swelling, erosion and drug release from the matrices were studied in deionized water, 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) using USP apparatus II. The data from the swelling, erosion and drug release studies were also fitted into the respective mathematical models. Results showed that the matrices underwent a combination of swelling and erosion, with the swelling action being controlled by the rate of hydration in the medium. SG also controlled the release of theophylline similar to the HPMC and therefore may have use as an alternative excipient in regions where Sesamum radiatum can be easily cultivated
Follow-up of women with atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H)
Micromechanical Properties of Injection-Molded StarchâWood Particle Composites
The micromechanical properties of injection molded starchâwood particle composites were investigated as a function of particle content and humidity conditions.
The composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The microhardness
of the composites was shown to increase notably with the concentration of the wood particles. In addition,creep behavior under the indenter and temperature dependence
were evaluated in terms of the independent contribution of the starch matrix and the wood microparticles to the hardness value. The influence of drying time on the density
and weight uptake of the injection-molded composites was highlighted. The results revealed the role of the mechanism of water evaporation, showing that the dependence of water uptake and temperature was greater for the starchâwood composites than for the pure starch sample. Experiments performed during the drying process at 70°C indicated that
the wood in the starch composites did not prevent water loss from the samples.Peer reviewe
Deeply located low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with FUS-CREB3L2 gene fusion in a 5-year-old boy with review of literature
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