Development of a high pressure compressed natural gas mixer for a 1.5 litre CNG-diesel dual engine

[Abstract]: The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis software was used to study the flow behaviour of compressed natural gas (CNG) and air in a CNG-air mixer to be introduced through the air inlet of a CNG-Diesel dual fuel stationary engine. The results of the simulation show that the Venturi mixer with more holes gives superior engine performance compared to the 4-hole Venturi mixer. Further analysis is done on the different holes mixer to investigate the effect of engine speed on the mass flow rate of CNG and the equivalence ratio Lambda. The second part of the paper represents a comparison results between the performances of a single cylinder research Compression Ignition CI engine fuelled with CNG-diesel system and conventional CI engine fuelled by conventional diesel. The engine was equipped with the simulated Venturi mixer, the result showed significant reduction in the exhaust gas emission compared to the conventional diesel engine. The average power output generated by dual fuel engine was slightly higher than that diesel one at different engine speeds

Analysis of Connecting Rod Based on Finite Eliment Approach

The connecting rod is one of the most important pats of an automotive engine. The connecting rod is subjected to a complex state of loading. High compressive and tensile loads are due to the combustion and connecting rod’s mass of inertia respectively. The connecting rod fails during the operation of the engine is the critical situation. Therefore the connecting rod should be able to withstand tremendous load and transmit a great deal of power smoothly. The objective of this paper is to investigate the failure analysis of the connecting rod of the automotive engine. The materials including carbon steel, mild steel, bass and aluminum are considered in this study. The linear static analysis was carried out utilizing the finite element analysis codes. The numerical results were verified with the experimental results. It can be seen from the acquired results that the carbon steel gives good results in terms of hardness and endurance limit compared with the other materials

Polypropylene Reinforced With Recycle Polyethylene Terephthalate As An Alternative Material For New Plastic Product

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is one of the most important fibers for industrial application. High performance, low cost, and recyclables are the most attractive candidates for high strength fibers. This paper presents the best ratio of Polypropylene (PP) reinforced with recycle PET fiber, as an alternative material for new plastic product. It gives the high strength of Polypropylene reinforced with recycle PET fiber. PP was mixed with recycle PP fiber utilising the plastic mixer and injection mold machine. The samples were cut according to ASTM standard and tested by using universal testing equipment. The analyses were carried out by using 0% ~ 10% volume compositions of recycle PP fiber. The acquired results indicate that the composition of PP gives higher ultimate tensile strength. It can be seen that the strength of PP increases in the presence of PET. It reduces the manufacturing cost and uses as an alternative material to PP for industrial application

Filament winding technique, experiment and simulation analysis on tubular structure

Filament winding process has emerged as one of the potential composite fabrication processes with lower costs. Filament wound products involve classic axisymmetric parts (pipes, rings, driveshafts, high-pressure vessels and storage tanks), non-axisymmetric parts (prismatic nonround sections and pipe fittings). Based on the 3-axis filament winding machine has been designed with the inexpensive control system, it is completely necessary to make a relative comparison between experiment and simulation on tubular structure. In this technical paper, the aim of this paper is to perform a dry winding experiment using the 3-axis filament winding machine and simulate winding process on the tubular structure using CADWIND software with 30°,45°,60° winding angle. The main result indicates that the 3-axis filament winding machine can produce tubular structure with high winding pattern performance with different winding angle. This developed 3-axis winding machine still has weakness compared to CAWIND software simulation results with high axes winding machine about winding pattern, turnaround impact, process error, thickness, friction impact etc. In conclusion, the 3-axis filament winding machine improvements and recommendations come up with its comparison results, which can intuitively understand its limitations and characteristics

Experimental Study On Noise Source Identification Of Split Unit Air Conditioner System

This paper presents the procedures and the results of noise source at the split unit air conditioner system. Noise in split unit air conditioning system is a frequent problem for the air conditioner manufactures. Split unit air conditioners have an indoor unit and an outdoor unit connected by communication pipes. Noise can reduce the efficiency and performance of the air conditioner. In order to identify and analysis of noise at air conditioner system, experimental have been done using sound intensity mapping method. The investigation was carried out by varying the parameter which is the fan speed and temperature at air conditioner. In order to identify where the noise source comes from, a grid rig had been build to get the noise location and their rating by located the microphone at the rig point. The signal from the probe will be analyze by using Pulse LabShop software. The results from the noise were showed in noise mapping with different color which indicates the different level of noises from different location. The highest noise sound levels occur at the front side of air conditioner which is at the fan that is about 74.784dB. The second highest noise sound level is occur at the right side which is at the compressor about 72.115dB. It can be concluded that sound power level will increase as higher as fan speed at the lowest temperature of the air conditioner

Influence of Machine Variables and Tool Profile on the Tensile Strength of Dissimilar AA7075-AA6061 Friction Stir Welds

Friction stir welding (FSW) of dissimilar alloys and materials is becoming progressively essential as it permits to take the benefits of both materials. Tensile strength is a measure of the weld quality, which mainly depends on machine variables and tool design. In this paper, FSW of dissimilar AA7075-AA6061 aluminium alloys was studied with respect to the welding speeds (rotational and axial), tool tilt angle and tool geometry by the response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). A reduced secondorder polynomial equation was successfully developed and validated to adequately fit the observed results of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Respectable fitness and well agreement between the experimental and calculated values with an elevated regression coefficient and low deviation were detected for this model within the range of the operating variables. Five tools with concave shoulders and different probe profiles (cylindrical and tapered, smooth and threaded, flatted and non-flatted) and a self-designed backing plate and clamping system were fabricated for this study. It was found that the welding tool with a threaded truncated cone pin and single flat results in a sound weld with higher tensile strength, wide nugget area and smooth surface finish

A study on 3D printing usage among Malaysian users

In this research, the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing among Malaysian users was studied. The aim of the research is to establish the demographics and use of 3D printing in Malaysia. A questionnaire was distributed among 3D printing users during a 3D printing webinar and via social media groups consisting of 3D printer users. For the demographic section, 74 males and 8 females responded to the questionnaire, with more than 90% of the respondents have tertiary education. 39% of the respondents are from Greater Klang Valley, and 33% of the respondents are self-employed. The highest application of 3D printing is for hobby (i.e., 67% of the respondents), while the highest response for experience in 3D printing is 28% with 1–3 years of experience. Creality 3D printer brand is the most selected printer brand, with 64.7% of the respondents using the brand. 33% of the respondents used the printer at a heavy usage rate of 5 days per week, which is the highest response. For the material used, 85.4% of the respondents agreed that they normally used polylactic acid, while 79.3% of the respondents selected Cura as the most used software. Furthermore, 79.3% of the respondents stated that the infill percentage setting as the most changed setting, while 63.4% of the respondents agreed that bed levelling is the most common problem in 3D printing. In the opinion section, most of the respondents believed that 3D printing technology is still new and should be taught in schools. Based on the results, the research has successfully established the demographics and usage among 3D printer users in Malaysia

Implementation of Outcome Based Education in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang: An Experience

This paper was discussed about an experience of Outcome Based Education (OBE) implementation in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (FKM), Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) since 2006. The faculty had derived and formulated its own strategy on OBE as well as teaching and learning to aid the implementation. The process of implementation involved of training the representative, planning the implementation process and formulating the outcomes. The teaching approaches which is teacher centered were modified to mix with student centered ensure that graduates attain our planned outcomes

Evaluation of tin slag polymer concrete column compressive behavior using finite element analysis

In this study, numerical analysis software is used to model the behavior of Tin Slag Polymer Concrete (TSPC) Column under compression. Concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model approach is employed to describe the TSPC property in the finite element (FE) model. FE model is developed based on experimental work data conducted by previous researcher. FE modelling of the TSPC column is performed with purpose to present baseline data for future improvement of the modelling as well as to facilitate future parametric study. The reason is that TSPC is a new material and there was no available previous FE model reported in previous literature as references. The FE model was validated by comparing the simulation results and experimental data for TSPC column under compression. The results indicate that FE model has achieved compressive strength of 37.65 MPa compared with experimental data of 37.62 MPa indicating 0.08% deviation and almost similar location of failure mode. Stress–strain curve indicating that FE model is stiffer than experimental specimen. In conclusion, the stress–strain curve and failure modes for the FE model must be further improved by adjusting CDP parameter in FE model to be able to describe TSPC column specimen accurately. However, the parameters applied can be used as references for future modification on modelling of the TSPC column under compression

Design an inexpensive augmented reality platform for the customized application

Augmented reality technique (AR) is an emerging method to advance real world (RW) environment or user experience, which is mixed virtual and real reality. It is generally used to support image formation concepts, which is enhanced using relevant equipment. However, the relevant equipment is high-cost, portable, and limited software or hardware equipment, which reduces its potential application areas. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design an inexpensive platform to determine the customized application using augmented reality, which is based on open-source software and hardware equipment. It is used to advance the targeted platform with several render effects. In addition, three virtual models are selected and applied animation function on its platform, which is controlled using external device such as keyboard and mouse. It is successful, sufficient and inexpensive device to meet the demands in various applications with external control device