19,518 research outputs found
Modeling one-dimensional island growth with mass-dependent detachment rates
We study one-dimensional models of particle diffusion and
attachment/detachment from islands where the detachment rates gamma(m) of
particles at the cluster edges increase with cluster mass m. They are expected
to mimic the effects of lattice mismatch with the substrate and/or long-range
repulsive interactions that work against the formation of long islands.
Short-range attraction is represented by an overall factor epsilon<<1 in the
detachment rates relatively to isolated particle hopping rates [epsilon ~
exp(-E/T), with binding energy E and temperature T]. We consider various
gamma(m), from rapidly increasing forms such as gamma(m) ~ m to slowly
increasing ones, such as gamma(m) ~ [m/(m+1)]^b. A mapping onto a column
problem shows that these systems are zero-range processes, whose steady states
properties are exactly calculated under the assumption of independent column
heights in the Master equation. Simulation provides island size distributions
which confirm analytic reductions and are useful whenever the analytical tools
cannot provide results in closed form. The shape of island size distributions
can be changed from monomodal to monotonically decreasing by tuning the
temperature or changing the particle density rho. Small values of the scaling
variable X=epsilon^{-1}rho/(1-rho) favour the monotonically decreasing ones.
However, for large X, rapidly increasing gamma(m) lead to distributions with
peaks very close to and rapidly decreasing tails, while slowly increasing
gamma(m) provide peaks close to /2$ and fat right tails.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
Evidence for entanglement at high temperatures in an engineered molecular magnet
The molecular compound
[Fe(-oxo)(CHN)(CO)]
was designed and synthesized for the first time and its structure was
determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The magnetic susceptibility
of this compound was measured from 2 to 300 K. The analysis of the
susceptibility data using protocols developed for other spin singlet
ground-state systems indicates that the quantum entanglement would remain at
temperatures up to 732 K, significantly above the highest entanglement
temperature reported to date. The large gap between the ground state and the
first-excited state (282 K) suggests that the spin system may be somewhat
immune to decohering mechanisms. Our measurements strongly suggest that
molecular magnets are promising candidate platforms for quantum information
processing
Seismo-electromagnetic phenomena in the western part of the Eurasia-Nubia plate boundary
This paper presents a future research plan that aims to monitor Seismo-electromagnetic (SEM) phenomena in the western part of the Eurasia-Nubia plate boundary (WENP). This region has a significant tectonic activity [1] combined with relatively low electromagnetic noise levels and for that reason presents the possibility to perform high quality SEM measurements.
Further, it is known that low-frequency [ultra (ULF), very (VLF), and low-frequencies (LF)] electromag- netic (EM) waves produce more convincing earthquake precursors (compared to higher frequencies) because of less contamination, large skin depth, and low attenuation [2]. Thus, two SEM effects will be considered: ULF electromagnetic field emissions [3], and VLF/LF radio broadcastings [4].
With respect to the ULF measurements, as a start, three ULF sensors are planned to be installed in the South of Iberian Peninsula supported by the existing networks of seismic research stations. Subsequent devel- opment of this initial plan could result in the implementation of a lager ULF monitoring network not only in the Iberian Peninsula, but also in the rest of Europe. Possible integration in the SEGMA array is now under consideration. Another perspective is to use a portable station to track seismic events.
Regarding the VLF/LF radio broadcastings, a receiver is planned to be mounted in University of Évora. Radio signals from up to 10 transmitters (in these bands) of interest to study the seismic activity in the WENP region will be monitored. Actually, the radio path from the transmitter to the receiver should cross the epicentral area, therefore two possible transmitters are the ones installed in Monaco (France) and Sicily (Italy). Furthermore, the system will integrate the INFREP network and in this context it will not be restricted to WENP region.
With the development of these research plans we aim to collect novel SEM data emerging from the seis- mic activity in the WENP region. We expect to address the time variations of EM properties of the crust/plate in relation with the strain field, and in space in relation with composition and temperature and stress fields. Further, the interplay between atmospheric (and solar) perturbations with crust perturbations will be monitored, to observe geomagnetic perturbations at different locations. Our study will be focused in the analyses of low magnitude earthquakes with M =< 4, these events are frequent in the WENP region, but have been almost completely disregarded in literature [5,6].
[1] J. Borges, A. J. S. Fitas, M. Bezzeghoud, and P. Teves-Costa, Tectonophysics 337, 373 (2001). [2] V. Chauhan, O.P. Singh, V. Kushwah, V. Singh, B. Singh, Journal of Geodynamics 48, 68 (2009). [3] L. Telesca, V. Lapenna, M. Macchiato, and K. Hattori, Earth and Planet. Science Lett. 268, 219 (2008)
Seismo-electromagnetic phenomena in the western part of the Eurasia-Nubia plate boundary
This paper presents a future research plan that aims to monitor Seismo-electromagnetic (SEM) phenomena in the western part of the Eurasia-Nubia plate boundary (WENP). This region has a significant tectonic activity [1] combined with relatively low electromagnetic noise levels and for that reason presents the possibility to perform high quality SEM measurements.
Further, it is known that low-frequency [ultra (ULF), very (VLF), and low-frequencies (LF)] electromag- netic (EM) waves produce more convincing earthquake precursors (compared to higher frequencies) because of less contamination, large skin depth, and low attenuation [2]. Thus, two SEM effects will be considered: ULF electromagnetic field emissions [3], and VLF/LF radio broadcastings [4].
With respect to the ULF measurements, as a start, three ULF sensors are planned to be installed in the South of Iberian Peninsula supported by the existing networks of seismic research stations. Subsequent devel- opment of this initial plan could result in the implementation of a lager ULF monitoring network not only in the Iberian Peninsula, but also in the rest of Europe. Possible integration in the SEGMA array is now under consideration. Another perspective is to use a portable station to track seismic events.
Regarding the VLF/LF radio broadcastings, a receiver is planned to be mounted in University of Évora. Radio signals from up to 10 transmitters (in these bands) of interest to study the seismic activity in the WENP region will be monitored. Actually, the radio path from the transmitter to the receiver should cross the epicentral area, therefore two possible transmitters are the ones installed in Monaco (France) and Sicily (Italy). Furthermore, the system will integrate the INFREP network and in this context it will not be restricted to WENP region.
With the development of these research plans we aim to collect novel SEM data emerging from the seis- mic activity in the WENP region. We expect to address the time variations of EM properties of the crust/plate in relation with the strain field, and in space in relation with composition and temperature and stress fields. Further, the interplay between atmospheric (and solar) perturbations with crust perturbations will be monitored, to observe geomagnetic perturbations at different locations. Our study will be focused in the analyses of low magnitude earthquakes with M =< 4, these events are frequent in the WENP region, but have been almost completely disregarded in literature [5,6].
[1] J. Borges, A. J. S. Fitas, M. Bezzeghoud, and P. Teves-Costa, Tectonophysics 337, 373 (2001). [2] V. Chauhan, O.P. Singh, V. Kushwah, V. Singh, B. Singh, Journal of Geodynamics 48, 68 (2009). [3] L. Telesca, V. Lapenna, M. Macchiato, and K. Hattori, Earth and Planet. Science Lett. 268, 219 (2008)
SEISMO-ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA IN TECTONICALLY ACTIVE REGIONS
This work presents a research plan that aims to monitor seismo-electromagnetic signals in seismic active regions. Two effects will be considered: electromagnetic field emissions and radio broadcastings. Our study will be focused in the analysis of low magnitude earthquakes almost completely disregarded in literature. We aim to collect novel seismo-electromagnetic emission data emerging from seismic activity. We expect to address the time variation of electromagnetic properties of the crust in relation with the strain field and complement it with the development of proper models. Experimental studies based on the electrical properties of rocks will also be done aiming the understanding of pressure stimulated currents and voltages that produce detectable electromagnetic radiation and can be a cause for seismo-electromagnetic signals
Experimental Determination of Thermal Entanglement in Spin Clusters using Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements
The present work reports an experimental observation of thermal entanglement
in a clusterized spin chain formed in the compound NaCuSiO.
The presence of entanglement was investigated through two measured quantities,
an Entanglement Witness and the Entanglement of Formation, both derived from
the magnetic susceptibility. It was found that pairwise entanglement exists
below K. Tripartite entanglement was also observed below K. A theoretical study of entanglement evolution as a function of applied
field and temperature is also presented.Comment: Submited to Phys. Rev.
Ising-type Magnetic Anisotropy in CePdAs
We investigated the anisotropic magnetic properties of CePdAs by
magnetic, thermal and electrical transport studies. X-ray diffraction confirmed
the tetragonal ThCrSi-type structure and the high-quality of the single
crystals. Magnetisation and magnetic susceptibility data taken along the
different crystallographic directions evidence a huge crystalline electric
field (CEF) induced Ising-type magneto-crystalline anisotropy with a large
-axis moment and a small in-plane moment at low temperature. A detailed CEF
analysis based on the magnetic susceptibility data indicates an almost pure
CEF ground-state doublet with the dominantly
and the doublets at 290 K and 330
K, respectively. At low temperature, we observe a uniaxial antiferromagnetic
(AFM) transition at K with the crystallographic -direction being
the magnetic easy-axis. The magnetic entropy gain up to reaches almost
indicating localised -electron magnetism without significant
Kondo-type interactions. Below , the application of a magnetic field along
the -axis induces a metamagnetic transition from the AFM to a
field-polarised phase at T, exhibiting a text-book example
of a spin-flip transition as anticipated for an Ising-type AFM.Comment: 9 Pages, 8 figure
Survival of the fittest: tourism exposure and firm survival
In this article, a discrete-time hazard model to study firm survival in the Portuguese Tourism sector is estimated. This sector has experienced a remarkable performance over the last decades. Results show that when compared to other sectors, tourism firms are more likely to exit: (i) if they are young (less than 10 years of existence); and (ii) if they belong to the group of worse performers (i.e. belong to the lower tail of the firm distribution). Within tourism related sectors, firms with highest tourism exposure, such as travel agencies and hotels are always among the best performers in terms of survival. Moreover, despite of Tourism being one of the most volatile sectors in periods of high uncertainty, results show a higher survival resilience among established tourism associated firms.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
CONTAINER FOR THE TRANSPORTATION AND CONSERVATION OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICALS
A container was developed for the transport and conservation of immunological products under low temperatures of between 2 and 8 º C, within a time span of 8 hours. The container is practical, simple and userfriendly, and can be used in places without electric power, and all these advantages are added of low operational costs. The container proposed aims at meeeting the demand of the Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI- the National Immunization Program), through Cold Chain, which sets the standards for all the procedures concerning conservation, handling, distribution and transport of the vaccine from the laboratory that produces it to the moment of inoculation.Innitially, the container was specifically developed for Vaccine for Inactive Influenza Virus against flu, which, according to a survey conducted with laboratories, is the most widely consumed, and whose conservation time span is also applicable to other immunobiologicals After the design and construction of the prototype, the container was exhaustively tested under different weather conditions. The results of the experiment are being exposed and discussed in this paper and the prototype lived up to the expectations of the reserachers in terms of the time spans and temperatures foreseen for the conservation of the vaccine selected
Short small-polaron lifetime in the mixed-valence perovskite CsAuI from high-pressure pump-probe experiments
We study the ultrafast phonon response of mixed-valence perovskite
CsAuI using pump-probe spectroscopy under high-pressure in a
diamond anvil cell. We observed a remarkable softening and broadening of the Au
- I stretching phonon mode with both applied pressure and photoexcitation.
Using a double-pump scheme we measured a lifetime of the charge transfer
excitation into single valence Au of less than 4 ps, which is an
indication of the local character of the Au excitation. Furthermore, the
strong similarity between the pressure and fluence dependence of the phonon
softening shows that the inter-valence charge transfer plays an important role
in the structural transition.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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