Reference Evapotranspiration Estimation in Climate Change Scenarios for Rio Verde in the State of Goiás, Brazil

Long-term changes in evapotranspiration can have extreme effects in hydrological processes as well as crop yields. The objective of this study was to quantify the expected changes in evapotranspiration in climate change scenarios using the Penman Monteith/FAO56 (PM) standard method and empirical equations for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET0), specifically for the conditions of Rio Verde, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Data from the National Institute of Meteorology, and Meteorology and Hydrology System of the State of Goiás were used to estimate the ET0 by using the following methods: Modified Penman, Radiation, Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves-Samani, and Priestley-Taylor and Turc, which were compared with the PM method on the daily scale. From the ET0 obtained in each of these methods, their performance was evaluated through statistical indices in four future climate scenarios. The projections originated from two emission scenarios based on the HadGEM2-ES global climate model with medium (2040-2069) and long (2070-2099) term scenarios. The results presented that the Radiation and Turc methods are currently—and can be under the predicted conditions of future climate scenarios—the best options for estimation of ET0 in Rio Verde, when meteorological data are not available to implement the PM method. The Modified Penman and the Hargreaves-Samani methods should not be considered for estimating ET0 in the location evaluated

Eccentric strength assessment of hamstring muscles with new technologies: a systematic review of current methods and clinical implications

Background: Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. Methods: Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. Results: Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between-limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. Conclusions: The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athletes

Eccentric Strength Assessment of Hamstring Muscles with New Technologies: a Systematic Review of Current Methods and Clinical Implications

[EN] Background: Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. Methods: Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. Results: Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between- limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. Conclusions: The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athlete

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Reference Evapotranspiration Estimation in Climate Change Scenarios for Rio Verde in the State of Goiás, Brazil

Long-term changes in evapotranspiration can have extreme effects in hydrological processes as well as crop yields. The objective of this study was to quantify the expected changes in evapotranspiration in climate change scenarios using the Penman Monteith/FAO56 (PM) standard method and empirical equations for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET0), specifically for the conditions of Rio Verde, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Data from the National Institute of Meteorology, and Meteorology and Hydrology System of the State of Goiás were used to estimate the ET0 by using the following methods: Modified Penman, Radiation, Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves-Samani, and Priestley-Taylor and Turc, which were compared with the PM method on the daily scale. From the ET0 obtained in each of these methods, their performance was evaluated through statistical indices in four future climate scenarios. The projections originated from two emission scenarios based on the HadGEM2-ES global climate model with medium (2040-2069) and long (2070-2099) term scenarios. The results presented that the Radiation and Turc methods are currently—and can be under the predicted conditions of future climate scenarios—the best options for estimation of ET0 in Rio Verde, when meteorological data are not available to implement the PM method. The Modified Penman and the Hargreaves-Samani methods should not be considered for estimating ET0 in the location evaluated

Acúmulo de nutrientes por forrageiras cultivadas em sistema de escoamento superficial para tratamento de esgoto doméstico

Atualmente, observa-se deterioração da qualidade das águas, a qual está vinculada ao crescimento populacional e as diversas atividades de produção agroindustriais, neste contexto o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de três espécies forrageiras utilizadas no tratamento de esgoto doméstico (ED) por meio da disposição no solo aplicando a técnica do escoamento superficial. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo usando delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições no esquema de parcela sub-subdividida 3x5x2. As parcelas, em três níveis, foram compostas pelas espécies Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Cynodon sp. cv Tifton 85 e Paspalum atratum cv. Pojuca, nas subparcelas, em 5 níveis as taxas de aplicação de efluentes com 7,91; 15,81; 23,72; 31,63 e 39,54 kg ha-1 dia1 de DBO e foram realizados dois cortes no material vegetal em ciclos de 28 dias após o início da aplicação dos tratamentos. Os resultados mostraram que o acúmulo de nutrientes pelas forrageiras foi superior aos relatados em literatura para o capim Marandu, Tifton 85 e Pojuca. Esses resultados reforçam o potencial desses capins para o tratamento de águas residuárias, especialmente efluente de ED

Perfil imuno-histoquímico e variáveis clinicopatológicas no câncer de mama

OBJETIVO: Descrever as principais características em mulheres com câncer de mama, de acordo com o perfil imuno-histoquímico. MÉTODOS: A população foi composta a partir de coorte hospitalar formada por mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama efetuado entre 2003 e 2005 (n = 601) e atendidas em centro de referência em assistência oncológica de Juiz de Fora-MG. Foram selecionadas apenas 397 mulheres que possuíam imunohistoquímica completa. Para definição dos grupos segundo perfil imuno-histoquímico, optou-se por classificação baseada na avaliação dos receptores de estrógeno e de progesterona, índice de proliferação celular Ki67 e superexpressão de HER2. De acordo com os diferentes fenótipos, foram definidos cinco subtipos: luminal A, luminal B-HER2 negativo, luminal B-HER2 positivo, triplo negativo e HER2 superexpresso. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes tinha pele branca (80,7%) e era pós-menopausada (64,9%), com idade média de 57,4 anos (±13,5). Ao diagnóstico, 57,5% delas tinha tumor de tamanho > 2,0 cm, e 41,7% exibiam comprometimento linfonodal. Os subtipos mais frequentes foram luminal B-HER2 negativo (41,8%) e triplo negativo (24,2%). No subtipo luminal A, 72,1% das pacientes eram pós-menopausadas, enquanto que os maiores percentuais na pré-menopausa foram observados nos subtipos luminal B-HER2 positivo e triplo negativo (45,2% e 44,2%, respectivamente). Verificou-se maior frequência de tumores > 2,0 cm e com linfonodos comprometidos nos subtipos triplo negativo e HER2 positivo. CONCLUSÃO: Esta pesquisa possibilitou avaliar a distribuição das principais características clinicopatológicas e relacionadas aos serviços de saúde em coorte de mulheres brasileiras com câncer de mama, segundo os subtipos tumorais imuno-histoquímicos