Conceptualizations of the international student in international migration law, diplomacy and higher education economy: A transatlantic perspective

Despite the relevance of international students to various academic disciplines and the important implications for policy, comprehensive analyses of the international student within certain fields of research are lacking. Accordingly, this dissertation considers the figure of the international student in the United States and the European Union across three different academic disciplines: from an international migration law perspective, as an agent of cultural diplomacy within international relations, and as an instrument of higher education economy. This research endeavors to address the concept of the student migrant, and how student migrants are regulated within the international legal framework; the international student as a cultural diplomat, historically and presently; as well as the international student as a crucial economic commodity for institutions of higher education. Ultimately, the entirety of this work will consider how these conceptualizations at once occupy the same space, but often differ greatly in discourse and understanding

Human Trafficking at the U.S.-Mexico Border

“Human Trafficking at the U.S.-Mexico Border,” Reilly Boales. The lack of enforcement of existing laws and improper procedure at the U.S.-Mexico Border are directly correlated with rising human trafficking rates, especially for sex trafficking and forced labor. Human trafficking leads to non-consensual sex work, forced labor, exploitation, illness and death. For my project, I examined how corruption in the U.S. and Mexican governments, demand for cheap labor, improper Customs and Border Patrol screening and American bias correspond with rising human trafficking rates. I utilized a wide range of peer reviewed sources to formulate a thesis as to why undocumented migrant women are so susceptible to coerced human trafficking, including recorded interviews from former trafficked women, smugglers and traffickers

La représentation de la famille éclatée dans la littérature québécoise pour les adolescents

Notre thèse examine comment la réalité moderne de l’éclatement familial au Québec est représentée dans cinq romans récents destinés à un public adolescent : No man’s land et La liberté? Connais pas... de Charlotte Gingras, La cagoule de François Gravel, Prisonnière du silence de Myriam de Repentigny et Élisa de noir et de feu de Raymond Plante. Ces différents récits montrent comment la dissolution du milieu familial peut influencer la vie et plus précisément le développement émotionnel et personnel du personnage adolescent. Pour mieux comprendre ces représentations, nous utilisons une approche qui emprunte aux termes de la sociologie s’appliquant aux changements dans les structures familiales et sociales. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse est consacré au développement des concepts théoriques, notamment celui de roman-miroir qui s’applique spécifiquement au roman pour les adolescents. Au chapitre 2, le personnage de « l’enfant caméléon » est au cœur de notre étude, alors que nous abordons le thème de l’identité de l’adolescent, son développement et ses choix personnels dans le contexte de la famille éclatée et horizontale. Enfin, le troisième chapitre, s’intitulant « l’adolescent nomade » interroge les facteurs qui poussent le personnage de l’adolescent à fuir sa famille en décomposition et à choisir l’itinérance. La fracture du milieu familial, une caractéristique importante de la société québécoise actuelle, amène les romanciers pour la jeunesse à adopter une posture didactique où l’œuvre littéraire peut jouer un rôle positif

Saving all the freaks on the life raft : blending documentation strategy with community engagement to build a local music archives.

Louisville, Kentucky, has a rich musical heritage, including an underground scene that influenced the sound of not only punk, indie, and hardcore, but also popular music regionally, nationally and internationally. In 2013, faced with the loss of several members of this scene over the course of twelve months, archivists in the University of Louisville Archives and Special Collections launched a project to document this important slice of Louisville\u27s musical culture. The Louisville Underground Music Archive (LUMA) Project successfully applies documentation strategy, paired with a strong community engagement component, to address the gap in the historical record related to this culture

Factors Affecting Performance on an Army Urban Operation Casualty Evacuation for Male and Female Soldiers

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine what physical and physiological characteristics contribute to the performance of an urban operation casualty evacuation (UO) and its predictive test, FORCE combat (FC) and describe the metabolic demand of the UO in female soldiers. Methods: Seventeen military members (9 M and 8 F) completed a loaded walking maximal aerobic test, the UO and FC. Heart rate reserve (HRR) and completion time were used as efficiency/performance measures. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was directly measured for UO on five female participants with a portable indirect calorimetry system, and analysed using descriptive statistics. Stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to determine the contribution of the non-modifiable (age, sex, height) and modifiable characteristics (lean body mass to dead mass ratio (LBM:DM), VO2max corrected for load (L.VO2max), peak force (PF) measured on an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and medicine ball chest throw distance (Dist) on to the performance of each exercise. Results: LBM:DM and PF were the only factors included in the stepwise regression model for UO, predicting 70% of UO performance (p<0.01). For FC, L.VO2max only was included in the stepwise regression model predicting 54% of FC performance (p<0.01). Sex, age and height were not included in the regression model. The average metabolic cost of UO was 21.4 mL of O2*kg-1*min-1 in female soldiers while wearing PPE Conclusion: This study showed that modifiable factors such as body composition, PF on IMTP and L.VO2max are key contributors to performance on UO and FC performance

Comparing, contrasting, and integrating dissemination and implementation outcomes included in the RE-AIM and Implementation Outcomes Frameworks

As the field of dissemination and implementation science matures, there are a myriad of outcomes, identified in numerous frameworks, that can be considered across individual, organizational, and population levels. This can lead to difficulty in summarizing literature, comparing across studies, and advancing translational science. This manuscript sought to (1) compare, contrast, and integrate the outcomes included in the RE-AIM and Implementation Outcomes Frameworks (IOF) and (2) expand RE-AIM indicators to include relevant IOF dissemination and implementation outcomes. Cross tabular comparisons were made between the constitutive definitions of each construct, across frameworks, to reconcile apparent discrepancies between approaches and to distinguish between implementation outcomes and implementation antecedents. A great deal of consistency was identified across approaches, including adoption (the intention, initial decision, or action to employ an evidence-based intervention), fidelity/implementation (the degree to which an intervention was delivered as intended), organizational maintenance/sustainability (extent to which a newly implemented treatment is maintained or institutionalized), and cost. The IOF construct of penetration was defined as a higher-order construct that may encompass the reach, adoption, and organizational maintenance outcomes within RE-AIM. Within the IOF approach acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility did not match constitutive definitions of dissemination or implementation but rather reflected theoretical antecedents of implementation outcomes. Integration of the IOF approach across RE-AIM indicators was successfully achieved by expanding the operational definitions of RE-AIM to include antecedents to reach, adoption, implementation, and organizational maintenance. Additional combined metrics were also introduced including penetration, individual level utility, service provider utility, organizational utility, and systemic utility. The expanded RE-AIM indicators move beyond the current approaches described within both the REAIM framework and IOF and provides additional planning and evaluation targets that can contribute to the scientific field and increase the translation of evidence into practice

Educators' experiences and perspectives of child weight discussions with parents in primary school settings.

From Europe PMC via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: ppub 2022-04-01, epub 2022-04-22Publication status: PublishedFunder: Academy of Medical Sciences; Grant(s): HOP001\1062BackgroundThe role of schools in addressing rising childhood obesity levels has been acknowledged, and numerous diet- and physical activity-related interventions exist. Aside from formal interventions, opportunistic parent-educator conversations about child weight can arise, particularly in primary school settings, yet little is known about how useful these are. This study aimed to understand the utility of child weight related conversations with parents through exploring educators' experiences and perspectives.MethodsThis qualitative study consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted with primary school teaching staff in the United Kingdom (N = 23), recruited through purposive and subsequent snowball sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants identified opportunities and need for child weight discussions in schools. However, conversations were prevented by the indirect and sensitive nature of conversations, and educators' professional identity beliefs. Using pre-existing face-to-face opportunities, good parent-teacher relationships and holistic approaches to child health and wellbeing were reported as important in optimising these conversations.ConclusionsWhilst educator-parent child weight discussions are necessary, discussions are highly challenging, with contradictory views on responsibility sometimes resulting in avoidance. Educators' roles should be clarified, and communication training tailored to increase teacher confidence and skills. Current social distancing will likely reduce opportunistic encounters, highlighting a need to further improve communication routes

Multiple generations of antibiotic exposure and isolation influence host fitness and the microbiome in a model zooplankton species

Background Chronic antibiotic exposure impacts host health through changes to the microbiome, increasing disease risk and reducing the functional repertoire of community members. The detrimental effects of antibiotic perturbation on microbiome structure and function after one host generation of exposure have been well-studied. However, much less is understood about the multigenerational effects of antibiotic exposure and how the microbiome may recover across host generations. Results In this study, we examined microbiome composition and host fitness across five generations of exposure to a suite of three antibiotics in the model zooplankton host Daphnia magna. By utilizing a split-brood design where half of the offspring from antibiotic-exposed parents were allowed to recover and half were maintained in antibiotics, we aimed to examine recovery and resilience of the microbiome. Unexpectedly, we discovered that experimental isolation of single host individuals across generations also exerted a strong effect on microbiome composition, with composition becoming less diverse over generations regardless of treatment. Simultaneously, Daphnia magna body size and cumulative reproduction increased across generations while survival decreased. Though antibiotics did cause substantial changes to microbiome composition, the microbiome generally became similar to the no antibiotic control treatment within one generation of recovery no matter how many prior generations were spent in antibiotics. Conclusions Contrary to results found in vertebrate systems, Daphnia magna microbiome composition recovers quickly after antibiotic exposure. However, our results suggest that the isolation of individual hosts leads to the stochastic extinction of rare taxa in the microbiome, indicating that these taxa are likely maintained via transmission in host populations rather than intrinsic mechanisms. This may explain the intriguing result that microbiome diversity loss increased host fitness