Two new tetraonchinae from southeast Asia (Trematoda: Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) : with 2 illustrations

Translated from: Zeitschrift f̈̈ur Parasitenkunde 19 (1959): 364-367. Adrian R. Lawler, translator

INTRODUCTION

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70110/2/PFLDAS-12-5-iii-1.pd

Beiträge zur Fauna der Oker im Stadtgebiet von Braunschweig

Die Oker, ein Nebenfluß der Aller, wurde an 6 Probestellen im Stadtgebiet von Braunschweig (Niedersachsen) faunistisch untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß der Fluß hauptsächlich dem [alpha]-mesosaproben Typ (Wassergüte III) zuzuordnen ist. Oberhalb der Stadt ist die Wassergüte besser. Charakteristisch scheint die in einem Stau der Stadt festgestellte Sphaerotilus-Vorticelliden-Gemeinschaft.In order to study the effect of the pollution upon water fauna of a lowland river, an affluent of the Aller in Lower Saxony, the Oker, has been examined within the town of Brunswick. In this preliminary note a list of protists and animals is given which allows to categorize this part of the river as a mostly [alpha]-mesosaprobe type. Several habitats before the dam-systems are characterized by the Sphaerotilus-Vorticellidae-biocoenosis

Die Entwicklung der Larven bei der Bandwurmordnung Tetraphyllidea Braun 1900

The development of the larval stages of the Tetraphyllidean tapeworms is widely unknown. It is therefore tried to persue the cycle for the species Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi), a common tapeworm of the dogfish (Scylliorhinus canicula Cuv.) and some other sharks and skates. In 100 examined pilchards and anchovies numerous individuals of the so-called "Scolex pleuronectis Müller", a plerocerous Tetraphyllidean-larva, are found. The infected clupeids were fed to isolated sharks, which, finally opened, contained nothing but hundreds of the aboven nominated parasite. The way of the youngest stages is described. A coracid is not yet found but a small plerocercoid "Scolex" in copepodes. The development therefore seems to run about a first host, a copepode, which is eaten by the second, a teleostean pelagically living fish, which itself is devoured by a rapacious fish, mostly a shark, the definitive host, in other cases by another teleostean fish or a cephalopod, but these do nothing than "transport" the "Scolex" into the only definitive host, a shark or skate

Time-resolved velocity mapping at high magnetic fields: A preclinical comparison between stack‐of‐stars and cartesian 4D-Flow

Purpose: Prospectively-gated Cartesian 4D-flow (referred to as Cartesian-4D-flow) imaging suffers from long TE and intensified flow-related intravoxel-dephasing especially in preclinical ultra-high field MRI. The ultra-short-echo (UTE) 4D-flow technique can resolve the signal loss in higher-order blood flows; however, the long scan time of the high resolution UTE-4D-flow is considered as a disadvantage for preclinical imaging. To compensate for prolonged acquisitions, an accelerated k0-navigated golden-angle center-out stack-of-stars 4D-flow sequence (referred to as SoS-4D-flow) was implemented at 9.4T and the results were compared to conventional Cartesian-4D-flow mapping in-vitro and in-vivo. Methods: The study was conducted in three steps (A) In-vitro evaluation in a static phantom: to quantify the background velocity bias. (B) In-vitro evaluation in a flowing water phantom: to investigate the effects of polar undersampling (US) on the measured velocities and to compare the spatial velocity profiles between both sequences. (C) In-vivo evaluations: 24 C57BL/6 mice were measured by SoS-4D-flow (n = 14) and Cartesian-4D-flow (n = 10). The peak systolic velocity in the ascending aorta and the background velocity in the anterior chest wall were analyzed for both techniques and were compared to each other. Results: According to the in-vitro analysis, the background velocity bias was significantly lower in SoS-4D-flow than in Cartesian-4D-flow (p < 0.05). Polar US in SoS-4D-flow influenced neither the measured velocity values nor the spatial velocity profiles in comparison to Cartesian-4D-flow. The in-vivo analysis showed significantly higher diastolic velocities in Cartesian-4D-flow than in SoS-4D-flow (p < 0.05). A systemic background bias was observed in the Cartesian velocity maps which influenced their streamline directions and magnitudes. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that at 9.4T SoS-4D-flow provided higher accuracy in slow flow imaging than Cartesian-4D-flow, while the same measurement time could be achieved

Computational Modeling in Liver Surgery

The need for extended liver resection is increasing due to the growing incidence of liver tumors in aging societies. Individualized surgical planning is the key for identifying the optimal resection strategy and to minimize the risk of postoperative liver failure and tumor recurrence. Current computational tools provide virtual planning of liver resection by taking into account the spatial relationship between the tumor and the hepatic vascular trees, as well as the size of the future liver remnant. However, size and function of the liver are not necessarily equivalent. Hence, determining the future liver volume might misestimate the future liver function, especially in cases of hepatic comorbidities such as hepatic steatosis. A systems medicine approach could be applied, including biological, medical, and surgical aspects, by integrating all available anatomical and functional information of the individual patient. Such an approach holds promise for better prediction of postoperative liver function and hence improved risk assessment. This review provides an overview of mathematical models related to the liver and its function and explores their potential relevance for computational liver surgery. We first summarize key facts of hepatic anatomy, physiology, and pathology relevant for hepatic surgery, followed by a description of the computational tools currently used in liver surgical planning. Then we present selected state-of-the-art computational liver models potentially useful to support liver surgery. Finally, we discuss the main challenges that will need to be addressed when developing advanced computational planning tools in the context of liver surgery.Peer Reviewe

Melting, bubble-like expansion and explosion of superheated plasmonic nanoparticles

We report on time-resolved coherent diffraction imaging of gas-phase silver nanoparticles, strongly heated via their plasmon resonance. The x-ray diffraction images reveal a broad range of phenomena for different excitation strengths, from simple melting over strong cavitation to explosive disintegration. Molecular dynamics simulations fully reproduce this behavior and show that the heating induces rather similar trajectories through the phase diagram in all cases, with the very different outcomes being due only to whether and where the stability limit of the metastable superheated liquid is crossed.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures (including supplemental material