Early career researchers want Open Science : Comment

Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)Open Science is encouraged by the European Union and many other political and scientific institutions.However, scientific practice is proving slow to change.We propose, as early career researchers, that it is our task to change scientific research into open scientific research and commit to Open Science principles.Non peer reviewe

Payment Systems as a Driver for Platform Growth in E-Commerce: Network Effects and Business Models

This chapter visits some of the fundamental concepts from platform economics, network effects, and network externalities. Further on, it discusses definitions of two-sided and multi-sided markets, how they are treated as business models. These concepts are further compared to the concept service ecosystem. A case of a payment service provider whose business model contributes to the growth of e-commerce is included. The purpose is to tease out how research on platforms has developed since e-commerce was in its infancy. The fundamental concepts developed in network economics are still valid and have been translated into different fields with a focus on value creation, information, and interaction. How platforms within platforms spur each other's growth is an area that has the potential to reach new insights on the platform economy

Young consumers’ valuations of new payment services

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gain a more in-depth understanding of the factors influencing how young consumers value mobile payment services and to develop a conceptual model that describes this process. Design/methodology/approach: Content analysis combined with interaction analysis was applied to empirical material consisting of nine focus group interviews with a total of 55 young adults who discussed mobile shopping. The results were further analysed by drawing upon previous research and theoretical conjectures regarding the role of network effects in valuation. The results of the analysis were used to develop a conceptual model of the valuation process for mobile payment services. Findings: The study finds that network effects play a major role in consumers’ adoption of mobile payment services. It is not certain that the adoption of consumer payment services is voluntary. In addition, there is also a trade-off between perceived convenience and security in young consumers’ valuations of the service. Originality/value: In contrast to previous studies, where models have set up benefits and costs as separate entities affecting value, the resulting model recognises that different factors have two sides, one negative and one positive, in turn affecting the value of the service

EU Bank Capital Structure and Capital Requirements

This paper studies the determinants of bank capital structure and discusses how traditional theories of capital structure apply to banks in the light of financial regulation. The purpose is to find out the impact, to EU in particular, of the new regulatory framework that has been pushed through because of the financial crisis post 2007. This is done by a review of capital structure theories and the main amendments to capital requirements globally and with a focus on the EU. Subsequently, an empirical study of the determinants of bank capital structure is performed with panel-data from 51 large European banks 1994-2010 with book leverage as dependent variable. The study finds inconsistency between empirics and theory, suggesting that there is inadequate theoretical ground for bank capital structure. The paper also finds that there are arguments in favour of a non-risk based capital ratio as a regulatory instrument

UN Peacekeeping Operations and Economic Growth -A study of UN's Peacekeeping Operations since 1948

The study aims at exploring the links between peacekeeping operations and economic growth. The paper examines the countries in which past United Nations Peacekeeping Operations have been present and calculates the growth rates before, after and during each operation. Comparisons of the growth rates are made to show how the operation has affected the economic growth in the country. It is also discussed in what way a peacekeeping operation can affect economic growth. This includes creating a more stable environment and prospects of peace, which in turn makes the country more attractive for investments. Other factors generated by the mission that can be good for the economy includes more job opportunities for the community, and that the expenditures by mission personnel in the country creates more flow of money and can thereby enhance the production. The empirical result shows that the peacekeeping operations affect the growth rate in a positive way on an aggregate level, when the operation is in progress as well as after it is completed. The operations after the end of the Cold War have a more immediate effect on growth, compared to the ones that took place before the war, they proved to have more of a long-term effect