Student Recital: Betsy Rehm, Flute; Maggie Mooha, Piano; Christine Paputsas, Piano; April 1, 1973

Centennial East Recital HallSunday AfternoonApril 1, 19733:00 p.m

Investigation of the siliceous hydrogel phase formation in glass-ionomer cement paste

The microstructure evolution of a complex glass-ionomer cement (GIC) paste over the first 72 h of the cement setting reaction was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and infrared spectroscopy. GIC is a biocompatible material which is clinically used for dental fillings. In this study, GIC pastes were prepared, following the ISO9917-1:2007 cement preparation method, from medical grade poly(acrylic acid), SiO₂–Al₂O₃–P₂O₅–CaO–CaF₂ -based fluoroaluminosilicate glass and H₂O/D₂O solvent. During the setting reaction, polyacrylic acid attacks the fluoroaluminosilicate glass particles to form a siliceous hydrogel phase, glass core and hydrated polyacrylate matrix. The formation of the siliceous hydrogel structure and cross-linking of polyacrylate chains play important roles to harden the GIC. Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the formation of the hydrogel phase and cross-linkage in GIC paste. In addition this paper reports SANS measurements for GIC pastes at different contrast conditions (H₂O:D₂O ratio) from the Bilby instrument at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Australia. The SANS data provide microstructure information for the hydrogel phase in GIC paste over the length scale of 10–5000 Å

Investigation of the micro- and nano-scale architecture of cellulose hydrogels with plant cell wall polysaccharides: a combined USANS/SANS study

The structure of protiated, deuterated and composite cellulose hydrogels with plant cell wall (PCW) polysaccharides has been investigated by combined USANS/SANS experiments, complemented with spectroscopy and microscopy. The broad size range covered by the USANS/SANS experiments enabled the identification of cellulose architectural features in the cross-sectional and longitudinal directions. In the cross-sectional direction, cellulose ribbons are modelled as core-shell structures. Xyloglucan and mixed linkage glucans interfere with the cellulose crystallisation process, reducing the crystallinity and establishing cross-bridges between ribbons. However, only xyloglucan is able to establish strong interactions with the cellulose microfibrils, affecting the properties of the ribbons' core. Longitudinally, the ribbons are hypothesised to present a ca. 1.4-1.5 μm periodic twist with a crystallite length of ca. 140-180 nm for the individual microfibrils. These results highlight the potential of USANS/SANS techniques to investigate the multi-scale architecture of cellulose hydrogels as well as the interaction mechanism between cellulose and PCW polysaccharides

The Effectiveness of Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention in Emergency Departments: A Multicentre Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Alcohol misuse is common in people attending emergency departments (EDs) and there is some evidence of efficacy of alcohol screening and brief interventions (SBI). This study investigated the effectiveness of SBI approaches of different intensities delivered by ED staff in nine typical EDs in England: the SIPS ED trial. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Pragmatic multicentre cluster randomized controlled trial of SBI for hazardous and harmful drinkers presenting to ED. Nine EDs were randomized to three conditions: a patient information leaflet (PIL), 5 minutes of brief advice (BA), and referral to an alcohol health worker who provided 20 minutes of brief lifestyle counseling (BLC). The primary outcome measure was the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) status at 6 months. Of 5899 patients aged 18 or more presenting to EDs, 3737 (63·3%) were eligible to participate and 1497 (40·1%) screened positive for hazardous or harmful drinking, of whom 1204 (80·4%) gave consent to participate in the trial. Follow up rates were 72% (n?=?863) at six, and 67% (n?=?810) at 12 months. There was no evidence of any differences between intervention conditions for AUDIT status or any other outcome measures at months 6 or 12 in an intention to treat analysis. At month 6, compared to the PIL group, the odds ratio of being AUDIT negative for brief advice was 1·103 (95% CI 0·328 to 3·715). The odds ratio comparing BLC to PIL was 1·247 (95% CI 0·315 to 4·939). A per protocol analysis confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS: SBI is difficult to implement in typical EDs. The results do not support widespread implementation of alcohol SBI in ED beyond screening followed by simple clinical feedback and alcohol information, which is likely to be easier and less expensive to implement than more complex interventions

Geschlechterkonstruktionen zwischen Macht und Stereotypen: Eine neue Perspektive für die Deradikalisierungsarbeit im Salafismus

Welche Rollen spielen Geschlechterkonstruktionen für den Radikalisierungsverlauf von Frauen und Männern im Salafismus? Welche Erkenntnisse lassen sich aus Radikalisierungsverläufen für die Deradikalisierungsarbeit gewinnen? Die Kooperationsstudie "Geschlechterkonstruktionen zwischen Macht und Stereotypen: Eine neue Perspektive für die Deradikalisierungsarbeit im Salafismus" gibt Antworten und präsentiert darüber hinaus Ansätze für gendersensible Interventionsmöglichkeiten. Die Studie entstand im Forschungsprojekt "Interventionspunkte für eine gendersensible Deradikalisierungsarbeit". Das BAMF-Forschungszentrum sowie die Beratungsstelle "Radikalisierung" des BAMF sind Kooperationspartner des vom Bayerischen Landeskriminalamt sowie dem Hessischen Ministerium des Innern und für Sport durchgeführten Projekts. Weitere Kooperationspartner sind das Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz Baden-Württemberg, das Bundeskriminalamt und das Center for Intelligence and Security Studies (CISS) der Universität der Bundeswehr München. Gefördert wurde das Vorhaben über die Beratungsstelle "Radikalisierung" mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums des Innern und für Heimat (BMI). Zielsetzung und methodisches Vorgehen: Ziel des Projekts ist es, Interventionspunkte für eine gendersensible Deradikalisierungsarbeit anhand der Analyse von Radikalisierungsverläufen zu identifizieren. Zudem werden Rollen, Aktionsmöglichkeiten, Netzwerke und Mobilisierungsstrategien in einer vergleichenden Perspektive von Frauen und Männern innerhalb der salafistischen Szene untersucht. Während der Projektlaufzeit wurden detaillierte biographische Fallanalysen von sieben Personen, darunter vier Frauen und drei Männer, angefertigt. Als Datengrundlage der mehrtägigen Analysesitzungen dienten Materialien, welche insbesondere im Rahmen von Ermittlungsverfahren gesammelt wurden. Diese wurden mit Hilfe eines Analysebogens zunächst strukturiert und anonymisiert. Die Fallanalysen fanden über mehrere Tage im interdisziplinären Forschungsteam statt. Zur Validierung der Ergebnisse fand ein Fokusgruppengespräch sowie ein Expertenworkshop mit Praktikerinnen und Praktikern statt. Zentrale Ergebnisse: Die Fallanalysen haben gezeigt, dass Geschlecht im Kontext Radikalisierung und Salafismus eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Die ideologischen Vorstellungen von Geschlechterrollen werden in der Radikalisierung angenommen. Eine Orientierung an (ideologischen) Geschlechterstereotypen birgt jedoch die Gefahr Radikalisierungsprozesse und Motive nicht individuell zu verstehen und Aktionsmöglichkeiten zu übersehen. Die gelebte Rollenpraxis der Männer und Frauen des Untersuchungssamples zeigt, dass sie Rollen in verschiedenen Bereichen wie etwa Propaganda, Erziehung oder Kampf übernehmen. Die Studie zeigt auch, dass die salafistischen Idealbilder von Männlichkeit und Weiblichkeit in der Realität brüchig sind und der individuelle Umgang damit sehr unterschiedlich ausfallen kann. So zeigen sich in der Realität immer wieder Momente, in denen die Geschlechtergrenzen nicht eingehalten werden (Gendertransgression) und es zu Spannungsfeldern zwischen Ideal und Wirklichkeit kommt. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes ergeben sich Implikationen für die Beratungsarbeit: So bietet es sich an Dissonanzen zwischen Ideologie und gelebter Realität zu nutzen, um mit einer erfolgreichen Distanzierungsarbeit anzusetzen. Des Weiteren zeigt sich die Verfolgung eines genderspezifischen Täter-Opfer-Narrativs für die Beratungsarbeit als nicht zielführend. Insgesamt sollten Besonderheiten von Genderkonzeptionen in der Beratung bedacht und die Beratungskonstellation im Zweifel darauf angepasst werden

Moderate to severe gambling problems and traumatic brain injury: A population-based study

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury characterized by a change in brain function after an external blow to the head and is associated with substance abuse, psychological distress, risk-taking, and impulsivity. Convenience and clinical samples have also linked TBI to problem gambling, but have not ruled out confounding variables such as hazardous drinking and psychological distress. This study examines the relationship between TBI and moderate to severe problem gambling in a general population probability sample controlling for hazardous drinking and psychological distress. The data were obtained from a 2015–2016 cross-sectional general population telephone survey of adults ages 18+from Ontario, Canada (N = 3809). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association as adjusted odds ratios (AOR). Moderate to severe problem gambling was independently associated with a history of TBI after adjusting for potential confounders (AOR: 2.80), and had a statistically significant relationship with psychological distress (AOR = 2.74), hazardous drinking (AOR = 2.69), and lower educational levels (AOR = 0.37). This study provides further data to suggest a link between TBI and moderate to severe problem gambling; however, more research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship or the potential implications for prevention and treatment

Moderate to severe gambling problems and traumatic brain injury: A population-based study

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury characterized by a change in brain function after an external blow to the head and is associated with substance abuse, psychological distress, risk-taking, and impulsivity. Convenience and clinical samples have also linked TBI to problem gambling, but have not ruled out confounding variables such as hazardous drinking and psychological distress. This study examines the relationship between TBI and moderate to severe problem gambling in a general population probability sample controlling for hazardous drinking and psychological distress. The data were obtained from a 2015–2016 cross-sectional general population telephone survey of adults ages 18+from Ontario, Canada (N = 3809). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association as adjusted odds ratios (AOR). Moderate to severe problem gambling was independently associated with a history of TBI after adjusting for potential confounders (AOR: 2.80), and had a statistically significant relationship with psychological distress (AOR = 2.74), hazardous drinking (AOR = 2.69), and lower educational levels (AOR = 0.37). This study provides further data to suggest a link between TBI and moderate to severe problem gambling; however, more research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship or the potential implications for prevention and treatment

The MedSeq Project: a randomized trial of integrating whole genome sequencing into clinical medicine

Background: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is already being used in certain clinical and research settings, but its impact on patient well-being, health-care utilization, and clinical decision-making remains largely unstudied. It is also unknown how best to communicate sequencing results to physicians and patients to improve health. We describe the design of the MedSeq Project: the first randomized trials of WGS in clinical care. Methods/Design This pair of randomized controlled trials compares WGS to standard of care in two clinical contexts: (a) disease-specific genomic medicine in a cardiomyopathy clinic and (b) general genomic medicine in primary care. We are recruiting 8 to 12 cardiologists, 8 to 12 primary care physicians, and approximately 200 of their patients. Patient participants in both the cardiology and primary care trials are randomly assigned to receive a family history assessment with or without WGS. Our laboratory delivers a genome report to physician participants that balances the needs to enhance understandability of genomic information and to convey its complexity. We provide an educational curriculum for physician participants and offer them a hotline to genetics professionals for guidance in interpreting and managing their patients’ genome reports. Using varied data sources, including surveys, semi-structured interviews, and review of clinical data, we measure the attitudes, behaviors and outcomes of physician and patient participants at multiple time points before and after the disclosure of these results. Discussion The impact of emerging sequencing technologies on patient care is unclear. We have designed a process of interpreting WGS results and delivering them to physicians in a way that anticipates how we envision genomic medicine will evolve in the near future. That is, our WGS report provides clinically relevant information while communicating the complexity and uncertainty of WGS results to physicians and, through physicians, to their patients. This project will not only illuminate the impact of integrating genomic medicine into the clinical care of patients but also inform the design of future studies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT0173656

Danger of Herbal Tea: A Case of Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis Due to; Artemisia annua; Tea

Background:; Artemisia annua; is a Chinese medicinal herb. Artemisinin-derivatives are recommended as part of a combination treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Herbal and dietary supplements (HDS) are increasingly used worldwide and HDS-induced liver injury is becoming a growing concern.; Case Report:; We present the first case of severe acute cholestatic hepatitis due to the intake of; Artemisia annua; tea as chemoprophylaxis for malaria in a patient returning from Ethiopia. The patients presented with jaundice, elevated transaminases, and parameters of cholestasis (total bilirubin 186.6 μmol/L, conjugated bilirubin 168.5 μmol/L). A liver biopsy showed a portal hepatitis with lymphocytic infiltration of the bile ducts and diffuse intra-canalicular and intra-cytoplasmic bilirubinostasis. The toxicologic analysis of the Artemisia tea revealed the ingredients arteannuin b, deoxyartemisin, campher, and scopoletin. There were no other identifiable etiologies of liver disease. The Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) score assessed a "probably" causal relationship. Sequencing of genes encoding for hepatic transporters for bile acid homeostasis (BSEP, MDR3, and FIC1) found no genetic variants typically associated with hereditary cholestasis syndromes. Normalization of bilirubin occurred 3 months after the onset of disease.; Conclusion:; The use of artemisinin-derivatives for malaria prevention is ineffective and potentially harmful and should thus be discouraged. Moreover, the case demonstrates our as yet inadequate understanding of the pathophysiology and susceptibility to HDS induced liver injury

Burden of Rare Sarcomere Gene Variants in the Framingham and Jackson Heart Study Cohorts

Rare sarcomere protein variants cause dominant hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. To evaluate whether allelic variants in eight sarcomere genes are associated with cardiac morphology and function in the community, we sequenced 3,600 individuals from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohorts. Out of the total, 11.2% of individuals had one or more rare nonsynonymous sarcomere variants. The prevalence of likely pathogenic sarcomere variants was 0.6%, twice the previous estimates; however, only four of the 22 individuals had clinical manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Rare sarcomere variants were associated with an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 2.3) in the FHS cohort, suggesting that cardiovascular risk assessment in the general population can benefit from rare variant analysis