Factors Affecting Prenatal Care Utilization in East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

The objective of the study was to identify factors affecting utilization of prenatal care and skilled birth attendant in East Wollega zone. Prenatal care and skilled birth attendant are crucial factor which affects the health and wellbeing of the mother and newborn and help the women to access skilled assistance, drugs, equipment and referral linkages. Even though, antenatal care coverage was relatively high in Oromia region (31.3%), skilled birth attendant utilization was low (8%). A total of 320 respondents were included in the study and data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data were first checked manually for completeness and then coded and entered into Epi Info version 6.04 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Bivariate analyses between dependent and independent variable was performed using binary logistic regression separately. To control the effect of confounding variables, multiple logistic regressions were done. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors’ of prenatal care. Statistical significance was determined through a 95% confidence level. Women who attended secondary and above education were about fourteen times (AOR: 13.908, 95% CI: 1.177-164.311) more likely to utilize prenatal care. Partner’s formal education was also associated with increased prenatal care (AOR: 1.915, 95% CI: 1.016-3.607). Partner occupation was also associated with prenatal care (AOR: 16.131, 95% CI: 1.482-175.564). The study highlight that housewives were less likely to receive prenatal care from skilled professionals (AOR: 0.368, 95% CI: 0.150-0.903). Another predictor of prenatal care was having functional communication materials (AOR: 2.145, 95% CI: 1.187-3.876). Longer waiting time at health institutions (AOR: 0.317, 95% CI: 0.122-0.825) was significantly associated with prenatal care. Reported skill of health care providers (AOR: 2.406, 95% CI: 1.051-5.509) were significantly associated with prenatal care.Keywords: Prenatal care; Skilled birth attendant; East Wolleg

Literature review on thin-walled and cellular structure designs for energy absorption

Bio-inspired structure is a topic of immense interest to researchers worldwide. In order to maximize energy absorption through biomimetic structures, this article presents bio-inspired structure particularly, thin walled and cellular structures thorough analysis of the interactions between experimental research and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations. The study compiles the prior research on experimental investigations of thin-walled and cellular biomimetic structures in order to understand the significance of biomimetic structural energy absorption. These inventive works of nature serve as inspiration for these designs, which provide engineering solutions that excel in impact resistance and energy dissipation abilities. The study further highlights the mutual advantages of combining experimental research with FEA models, which enable a deeper understanding of the impact response and energy absorption mechanisms inherent in biomimetic structures, by exploring into recent developments in material science and design methodologies. The article emphasizes how important validations are in bringing experimental results in line with FEA predictions. Furthermore, the practical applications demonstrated in fields like aircraft engineering, automotive safety, and protections can serve as excellent examples of the paradigm-shifting potential of this method for boosting impact protection. This review proposes novel research avenues aimed at fully harnessing the potential of biomimetic architectures to enhance energy absorption, all while acknowledging and addressing the associated challenges.publishedVersio

Burst strength analysis of composite overwrapped pressure vessel using finite element method

The purpose of this numerical study was to investigate the burst performance of a type III composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) using finite element methods. An Aluminum overwrapped composites pressure vessel was modeled from four layers of carbon fiber/epoxy ply with 0.762 mm and arranged in two different sequences and orientations. The overwrap composite pressure vessel burst performance was examined by applying an internal pressure of 55 MPa on a ply arrangement of [-15°/0°/+15o /90°] and other research findings on [+55o /-55o ] as an optimum filament winding angle were used for comparison purpose. Moreover a ply level orientation effect analysis, which is a superior feature of ABAQUS, was used for the composite modelling. The designed ply sequence and orientation exhibit a higher burst pressure at [0o ] ply and minimum at [90o] ply orientation. The vertical COPV design displays a maximum stress along the axial direction that leads to the consideration of maximum vessel thickness to be along axial direction for burst resistant design of COPV.publishedVersio

Nutrition education promoted consumption of pulse based foods among rural women of reproductive age in Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia

This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC), and with financial support from the Government of Canada, provided through Global Affairs Canada (GAC)Nutrition education based on using a Health Belief Model (HBM) can be effective in bringing positive change in the knowledge, attitude and practices of women of reproductive age towards pulse based diets. The success of this intervention may be due to repeated demonstrations of pulse processing and recipes, to group discussions involving peer learning and experience sharing, and to interest from the mothers regarding health benefits. Nutrition education about locally available, nutritionally rich crops such as pulses, is a promising strategy for reducing malnutrition among women in rural communities of low and middle income countries such as Ethiopia

Systematic review and meta-analysis: prevalence of alcohol use among young people in eastern Africa.

OBJECTIVE: Systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies of alcohol use among young people (age 15-24 years) in eastern Africa to estimate prevalence of alcohol use and determine the extent of use of standardised screening questionnaires in alcohol studies. METHODS: Five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Africa-wide, and PsycINFO) were searched for publications until 30th June 2013. Results were summarised using the guidelines on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and on quality assessment using the modified quality assessment tool for systematic reviews of observational studies (QATSO). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) statistic (DerSimonian-Laird). RESULTS: We identified 2785 potentially relevant studies, of which 56 were eligible for inclusion. Only two studies (4%) used the standardised Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire, and six studies (13%) used the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye opener (CAGE) questionnaire. The reported median prevalence of alcohol use was ever-use 52% [interquartile range (IQR): 20-58%], use in the last month 28% (IQR: 17-37%), use in the last year 26% (IQR: 22-32%), and problem drinking as defined by CAGE or AUDIT 15% (IQR: 3-36%). We observed high heterogeneity between studies, with the highest prevalence of ever use of alcohol among university students (82%; 95%CI: 79-85%) and female sex workers (66%; 95%CI: 58-74%). Current use was most prevalent among male sex workers (69%; 95%CI: 63-75%). CONCLUSIONS: Reported alcohol use and problem drinking were common among diverse groups of young people in eastern Africa, indicating the urgent need for alcohol-focused interventions in this population. Few studies have used standardised alcohol screening questionnaires. Epidemiological research to investigate alcohol-focused interventions in young people should aim to apply such questionnaires that should be validated for use in this population

Registration of ‘NE05548’ (Husker Genetics Brand Panhandle) Hard Red Winter Wheat

Western Nebraska wheat producers and those in adjacent areas want taller wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars that retain their height under drought for better harvestability. ‘NE05548’ (Reg. No. CV-1117, PI 670462) hard red winter wheat was developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS and released in January 2014 by the developing institutions. NE05548 was released primarily for its superior performance under rainfed conditions in western Nebraska and adjacent areas of the Great Plains and its tall plant stature. NE05548 was selected from the cross NE97426/NE98574 made in 1999 where the pedigree of NE97426 is ‘Brigantina’/2*‘Arapahoe’ and the pedigree of NE98574 is CO850267/‘Rawhide’. The F1 generation was grown in the greenhouse in 2000, and the F2 to F3 generations were advanced using the bulk breeding method in the field at Mead, NE, in 2001 to 2002. In 2003, single F3–derived F4 head rows were grown for selection. There was no further selection thereafter. The F3:5 was evaluated as a single four-row plot at Lincoln, NE, and a single row at Mead, NE, in 2004. In 2005, it was assigned the experimental line number NE05548. NE05548 was evaluated in replicated trials thereafter. It has excellent winter survival, acceptable disease reactions to many of the common diseases in its target area, and acceptable end-use quality for bread making