The great man.

The topic of greatness in people is not one which has received much direct attention in philosophical literature. This paper aims to provide insight into the nature of greatness for humans by looking at how the concept of greatness is structured, how it relates to the concepts of (moral) goodness and of admiration, and by examining theories on what greatness is. Greatness is found to be aspectual in that something is great qua a certain aspect of it, and that greatness is a compound higher-order value. Greatness is discovered to be that which ought to be admired, where the “ought” is a special ought of propriety. Greatness is shown to be other than merely a superlative form of moral goodness, although extreme goodness can make for greatness. The means by which specific virtues produce greatness in people is also examined. Special rights and duties between great people and lesser ones are explored, based on matters of respect. Three theories of greatness are rejected: that greatness is (moral) goodness; greatness is perfection; greatness is reality (in a special Nozickian sense). Finally, I develop and tentatively accept a theory that greatness is an ennobling transcendence of a thing from its type

Blood product transfusion in emergency department patients: A case-control study of practice patterns and impact on outcome

Definitions of comorbid conditions. (DOCX 13 kb

The role of human ventral visual cortex in motion perception.

Visual motion perception is fundamental to many aspects of visual perception. Visual motion perception has long been associated with the dorsal (parietal) pathway and the involvement of the ventral 'form' (temporal) visual pathway has not been considered critical for normal motion perception. Here, we evaluated this view by examining whether circumscribed damage to ventral visual cortex impaired motion perception. The perception of motion in basic, non-form tasks (motion coherence and motion detection) and complex structure-from-motion, for a wide range of motion speeds, all centrally displayed, was assessed in five patients with a circumscribed lesion to either the right or left ventral visual pathway. Patients with a right, but not with a left, ventral visual lesion displayed widespread impairments in central motion perception even for non-form motion, for both slow and for fast speeds, and this held true independent of the integrity of areas MT/V5, V3A or parietal regions. In contrast with the traditional view in which only the dorsal visual stream is critical for motion perception, these novel findings implicate a more distributed circuit in which the integrity of the right ventral visual pathway is also necessary even for the perception of non-form motion

JorumOpen - customising DSpace for a national repository of Open Educational Resources

Jorum, a JISC-funded service in development begun in 2002, has been committed to collecting and sharing learning and teaching materials within the UK Further and Higher Education community. With the growing interest in and increase in "open" content, Jorum released a new option in January 2010 - JorumOpen, which provides a focus to find nationally hosted learning materials developed by the UK Further and Higher Education sector. JorumOpen allows any user, from any country, free and unrestricted access to learning materials licensed under a Creative Commons licence. The central component of JorumOpen is an open source digital repository based on a modified version of DSpace 1.5.2

A comprehensive examination of the evidence for whole of diet patterns in Parkinson\u27s disease: A scoping review

Both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive neurological condition, have broad-ranging impacts on nutritional intake and dietary behaviour. Historically studies focused on individual dietary components, but evidence demonstrating ameliorative outcomes with whole-of-diet patterns such as Mediterranean and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) is emerging. These diets provide plenty of antioxidant rich fruits, vegetables, nuts, wholegrains and healthy fats. Paradoxically, the ketogenic diet, high fat and very low carbohydrate, is also proving to be beneficial. Within the PD community, it is well advertised that nutritional intake is associated with disease progression and symptom severity but understandably, the messaging is inconsistent. With projected prevalence estimated to rise to 1.6 million by 2037, more data regarding the impact of whole-of-diet patterns is needed to develop diet-behaviour change programmes and provide clear advice for PD management. Objectives and Methods: Objectives of this scoping review of both peer-reviewed academic and grey literatures are to determine the current evidence-based consensus for best dietary practice in PD and to ascertain whether the grey literature aligns. Results and Discussion: The consensus from the academic literature was that a MeDi/MIND whole of diet pattern (fresh fruit, vegetables, wholegrains, omega-3 fish and olive oil) is the best practice for improving PD outcomes. Support for the KD is emerging, but further research is needed to determine long-term effects. Encouragingly, the grey literature mostly aligned but nutrition advice was rarely forefront. The importance of nutrition needs greater emphasis in the grey literature, with positive messaging on dietary approaches for management of day-to-day symptoms

JorumOpen - customising DSpace for a national repository of Open Educational Resources

Jorum, a JISC-funded service in development begun in 2002, has been committed to collecting and sharing learning and teaching materials within the UK Further and Higher Education community. With the growing interest in and increase in "open" content, Jorum released a new option in January 2010 - JorumOpen, which provides a focus to find nationally hosted learning materials developed by the UK Further and Higher Education sector. JorumOpen allows any user, from any country, free and unrestricted access to learning materials licensed under a Creative Commons licence. The central component of JorumOpen is an open source digital repository based on a modified version of DSpace 1.5.2

Development of electroactive polymers for application in anti-corrosion formulations.

Corrosion is a major environmental and economic problem with many modern manmade structures heavily relying on the utilisation of metals and alloys due to their extraordinary strength, mechanical and physical properties. Applications such as those seen in the construction industry, aerospace and marine industries, all of which need a constant protection and barriers against the harsh environmental conditions. Current methods of protection employ the use of chromates in paint formulations for the active anti-corrosive paints or the uses of non-active polymeric paints acting solely as a physical barrier preventing the diffusion of ions through to the metal surface. However ideas have recently come forward regarding the use of conductive and electro-active polymers. Theorised to not only prevent the diffusions of ions on a physical level but to also act as an electrochemical barrier by passivating the surface of the metal so that it can protect itself from further degradation caused by corrosive agents, one such polymer that has been put forward is Polyaniline (PANI). Through the process of doping, PANI can be made to conduct an electrical current through the formation of charge carriers by oxidising the PANI with a protonic acid which can be functionalised. Further investigation has found that the functionalisation of these acids can dramatically change the once insoluble material in common solvents soluble, increasing the processability and possible increase the applications of this materials. This thesis reports the synthetic routes used to obtain functionalised Sulphonic acids based on the precursor 5-Sulphoisophthalic acid by acid catalysed esterification’s are described. With the synthesis phosphoric acid diester carried out by several named reported methods and both series were progressed forward to dope PANI (polyaniline). The optical properties were analysed for all doped PANI in DCM showing that branched side chains produced the highest optical absorption at around 944 nm and some as thin films (21) and (25), showing optical band gaps of 1.21 eV. This thesis also reports the anti-corrosions properties for the doped PANI systems. Films were cast coating mild carbon steel and copper plates, along with a range of acrylic resin/doped PANI composite films, PVC/doped PANI composite films and a set of films for an epoxide resin/doped PANI (17) composite. Samples were subjected to accelerated corrosion tests and showed that the application of PANI to the metal surfaces was beneficial and displayed efficacious anti-corrosion properties, not only in the doped state (emeraldine salt) but also in its native undoped state (emeraldine base) where the polymer undergoes redox reactions at the metal interface passivating the surface and creating an electrochemical barrier system which the polymer itself is a component however corrosion inhibition is only truly effective when a physical barrier is used in combination. The results of the dopant synthesis, doped PANI systems and their composites in resins and the data from NMR spectroscopy, IR, elemental analysis, LC-Mass spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy are presented in this thesis. The accelerated corrosion tests and the data from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are also presented within this thesis

Retrieval cues fail to influence contextualized evaluations.

Initial evaluations generalise to new contexts, whereas counter-attitudinal evaluations are context-specific. Counter-attitudinal information may not change evaluations in new contexts because perceivers fail to retrieve counter-attitudinal cue-evaluation associations from memory outside the counter-attitudinal learning context. The current work examines whether an additional, counter-attitudinal retrieval cue can enhance the generalizability of counter-attitudinal evaluations. In four experiments, participants learned positive information about a target person, Bob, in one context, and then learned negative information about Bob in a different context. While learning the negative information, participants wore a wristband as a retrieval cue for counter-attitudinal Bob-negative associations. Participants then made speeded as well as deliberate evaluations of Bob while wearing or not wearing the wristband. Internal meta-analysis failed to find a reliable effect of the counter-attitudinal retrieval cue on speeded or deliberate evaluations, whereas the context cues influenced speeded and deliberate evaluations. Counter to predictions, counter-attitudinal retrieval cues did not disrupt the generalisation of first-learned evaluations or the context-specificity of second-learned evaluations (Experiments 2-4), but the counter-attitudinal retrieval cue did influence evaluations in the absence of context cues (Experiment 1). The current work provides initial evidence that additional counter-attitudinal retrieval cues fail to disrupt the renewal and generalizability of first-learned evaluations

Corn and Soybean Yield Response to Micronutrients in Southeast Iowa

Micronutrients are essential plant nutrients that are needed in very small amounts. Prior research in Iowa and neighboring states since the 1950s showed inconsistent corn and soybean grain yield responses to micronutrient applications, except for zinc in corn. This report summarizes results of two studies with corn and soybean rotations, one with application to the soil and the other with application to the foliage, which were conducted from 2012 through 2014. The micronutrients evaluated were boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)

Evaluation of Organic Corn Varieties

According to the USDA National Organic Program, certified organic farmers must source organic seed (seed from organically raised crops). The organic seed industry is currently growing in Iowa and the Midwest, and with this growth, organic growers are looking for University-based recommendations on organic varieties to use in Iowa. The Organic Agriculture Program at Iowa State University has been using organic seed at the ISU Southeast Research Farm for ten years with excellent results