Correction to: The child and adolescent psychiatry: study of training in Europe (CAP‑STATE)

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Kasvatustehnoloogiliste võtete mõju viinapuu (Vitis sp.) ja aedmaasika (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) viljade kvaliteedile

Cooler regions (including Estonia) are expected to be unsuitable for grapevine cultivation due to a short vegetation period and variability of quality parameters regarding insufficient maturation due to variable climatic conditions. Interspecific hybrids (V. vinifera crossings with V. labrusca, V. riparia, V. rupestris, V. lincecumii, V. amurensis) have shown variable frost resistance depending on genotype. In order to improve plant abiotic stress resistance (e.g. temperature effects), different foliar-applied biostimulants and growth regulators have been tested. At the same time, training systems and pruning methods have been investigated in order to affect the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of grapevines, to regulate the yield and subsequently also influence the composition of grape products. Concerning strawberry fruit quality, nowadays the content of biochemical compounds is with increasing importance to consumers. Strawberry fruits possess a considerable amount of essential nutrients and beneficial phytochemicals, which may have relevant biological activity in human health. However, metabolomic analyses have revealed significant changes in primary metabolites between strawberry cultivars grown under different conditions and using various cultivation techniques. In the present thesis, the effect of cultivar properties, foliar treatments with glycine-betaine, and different pruning methods and times on hybrid grapevine fruit maturity and quality parameters; as well as the influence of application of humic substances and post-harvest flame-defoliation on strawberry taste-related parameters and antioxidants were investigated and discussed. The main aim of was to find out of the effects of cultivation techniques on the biochemical composition of two different horticultural crops. On one hand, grapevine as a woody plant, and on the other hand, strawberry as an herbaceous plant were investigated. Grapevine cultivars were selected for the experiments based on the list of recommended cultivars which are already widely cultivated in Estonian climatic conditions as well. Cultivar properties significantly affected the fruit composition and quality of hybrid grapevine cultivars under investigation, but not all the cultivars achieved the sufficient maturity requirements in Estonian climatic conditions. Foliar treatments of glycine-betaine had a significant effect on the quality parameters of interspecific hybrid cultivar ’Rondo’, while earlier-fruiting ’Hasanski Sladki’ showed better results for fruit technological maturity despite the treatments. Spring cane pruning increased the content of soluble solids, total phenolics and anthocyanins, while the maturity parameters did not reach recommended level in case of spring spur pruning. Post-planting application of humic substances affected significantly the fruit biochemical composition of strawberry cultivar ’Darselect’, though differently according to fruit order (primary, secondary, tertiary). Post-harvest flame-defoliation was suitable using as an organic cultivation technique, but it had significant impact on strawberry plant growth and therefore also on fruit biochemical composition. Defoliation in combination with humic substances had a positive influence on the phenolic compounds in all fruit orders. In conclusion: quality parameters of grapevine and strawberry were significantly affected by using selected cultivation techniques.Jahedama kliimaga aladel (k.a. Eesti) kasvatakse viinapuu liikide vahelisi hübriide (V. vinifera ristatud liikidega V. labrusca, V. riparia, V. rupestris, V. lincecumii, V. amurensis), mis on teadusuuringute põhjal hea külma- ja talvekindlusega. Käesoleval ajal on teadusuuringute fookuses kvaliteetsema saagi, st marjades sisalduvate tervislike ühendite suurema väärtuse saavutamine. Sellega seoses uuritakse lehekaudsete bioloogiliste preparaatide tõhusust taimedele abiootilise stressi vähendamisele, erinevaid võrakujunduse võimalusi ja selle kaudu viinamarjade biokeemiliste ühendite sisalduse mõjutamist. Marjakultuuridest on Eestis enam levinud aedmaasikas, mille viljade kvaliteeti hinnatakse peamiselt maitseparameetrite (mahla kuivaine, orgaanilised happed ja nende suhe) alusel. Samuti sisaldavad aedmaasikad märkimisväärses koguses askorbiinhapet ehk vitamiin C ja fenoolseid ühendeid (sh antotsüaane – taimseid pigmente, mis annavad viljadele punase värvuse), mis on tuntud oma tervistavate omaduste poolest. Maasikate sisemine kvaliteet sõltub mitmetest saagikoristuseelsetest ja -järgsetest teguritest. Doktoritöö eesmärgiks oli selgitada välja kasvatustehnoloogiliste võtete mõju kahe erineva aiakultuuri viljade kvaliteedile, milleks valiti üks puittaim – viinapuu (Vitis sp.), ja teine rohttaimede esindaja – aedmaasikas (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.). Täpsemalt selgitati välja sordi, lehtede loodusliku kasvuregulaatori glütsiin-betaiiniga pritsimise ja kahe erineva lõikusaja (sügis ja kevad) ja -viisi (pikk ja lühike) mõju viinamarjade tehnoloogilisele ja fenoolsele küpsusele; ning humiinhappeid sisaldava preparaadi lahusega kastmise ja saagikoristusjärgse taimelehtede leegitamise mõju maasikate maitsega seotud parameetritele ja antioksüdantsete ühendite sisaldusele. Viinapuu katsetest selgus, et sordiomadused mõjutasid eelkõige viinamarjade maitseparameetreid, kuid mitte kõik sordid ei saavutanud optimaalset küpsust, v.a sort ’Hasanski Sladki’ (20 °Brix). Viinapuu lehtede pritsimine loodusliku kasvuregulaatori glütsiini-betaiiniga vähendas küll sortide ’Hasanski Sladki’ ja ’Rondo’ happesisaldust (kuni 1,2 g 100 g–1-ni), kuid tulemused ületasid siiski soovitatava vahemiku. Sordi ’Rondo’ antotsüaanide sisaldus aga suurenes glütsiini betaiini lahusega töötlemisel. Sügisene lõikusaeg mõjutas positiivselt viinamarjade küpsemist, sealhulgas suurenes enim polüfenoolide sisaldus. Kevadine pikk lõikusviis avaldas positiivset mõju viinamarjade mahla kuivaine, üldfenoolide ja antotsüaanide sisaldusele. Kevadise lühikese lõikuse puhul jäid aga küpsusparameetrid soovitatavast vahemikust allapoole, sest taimede kasvu algus oli hilisem, mis omakorda vähendas saagi kvaliteeti. Istutusaastal maasikataimede kastmine humiinaineid sisaldava lahusega mõjutas oluliselt maasikate maitsega seotud parameetreid ja antioksüdantsete ühendite sisaldust, kuid seda sõltuvalt vilja järgust (esimene, teine, kolmas). Aedmaasikataimede lehtede saagikoristusjärgne leegitamine vähendas antotsüaanide sisaldust töötlusele järgneval aastal kõikides viljajärkudes, samas kui üldfenoolide sisaldus varieerus järguti. Leegitamisele järgnenud humiinpreparaadi lahusega kastmine mõjutas positiivselt üldfenoolide ja antotsüaanide sisaldust kogu saagis. Leegitamine mõjutas oluliselt taimede kasvu, vähendades lehtede arvu ja juurte massi, mis omakorda mõjutas maasikate biokeemiliste ühendite sisaldust. Kokkuvõtteks võib öelda, et kasvatustehnoloogiliste võtete rakendamisega bioaktiivsete ühendite sisalduse mõjutamise eesmärgil on võimalik tõsta kodumaiste puuviljade ja marjade kvaliteeti

Multiple faces of conventional political activism: a youth council case study

Youth political participation via state-sponsored institutional settlements has always been considered a goal of youth policies, representing a means of creating politically active and caring citizens. Throughout Europe, however, the number of politically active young people seems to be diminishing, with youth frequently described as apathetic and disengaged. While a growing body of academic research has concentrated on exploring the reasons behind political inactivity, this article explores the motivation and activities of some of the young people who are involved in institutionalised youth organisations, asking if the meanings behind institutional political participation are undergoing a process of change together with the rest of the society. Based on qualitative in-depth interviews, participant observation and analysis of documents (including online communication) collected as part of the research project MYPLACE, we examine the meanings young people attach to their participation. We show that the character of these organisations and motivations behind participation are miscellaneous; sometimes strikingly similar to the forms of participation not traditionally associated with political activism but rather ascribed to disengaged youth

Estonian lifestyle emigrants’ motivation to leave Estonia in young adulthood

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4684415*es

Tighter Post-quantum Secure Encryption Schemes Using Semi-classical Oracles

Krüpteerimisprotokollide analüüsimiseks kasutatakse tihti juhusliku oraakli mudelit (JOM), aga postkvant turvaliste protokollide analüüs tuleb läbi viiakvant juhusliku oraakli mudelis (KJOM). Kuna paljudel tõestamise tehnikatel ei ole kvant juhusliku oraakli mudelis analoogi, on KJOMis raske töötada. Seda probleemi aitab lahendada One-Way to Hiding (O2H) Teoreem, mille Unruh tõestas 2015. aastal.Ambainis, Hamburg ja Unruh esitasid teoreemi täiustatud versiooni 2018. aastal. See kasutab poolklassikalisi oraakleid, millel on suurem paindlikkus ja tihedamad piirid. Täiustatud versioon võimaldab tugevdada kõigi protokollide turvalisust, mis kasutasid vana versiooni. Me võtame ühe artikli, kus kasutati vana O2H Teoreemi versiooni, ja tõestame protokollide turvalisuse uuesti kasutades poolklassikalisi oraakleid.The random oracle model (ROM) has been widely used for analyzing cryptographic schemes. In the real world, a quantum adversary equipped with a quantum computer can execute hash functions on an arbitrary superposition of inputs. Therefore, one needs to analyze the post-quantum security in the quantum random oracle model (QROM). Unfortunately, working in the QROM is quite difficult because many proof techniques in the ROM have no analogue in the QROM. A technique that can help solve this problem is the One-Way to Hiding (O2H) Theorem, which was first proven in 2015 by Unruh. In 2018, Ambainis, Hamburg and Unruh presented an improved version of the O2H Theorem which uses so called semi-classical oracles and has higher flexibilityand tighter bounds. This improvement of the O2H Theorem should allow us to derive better security bounds for most schemes that used the old version. We take one paper that used the old version of the O2H Theorem to prove the security of different schemes in the QROM and give new proofs using semi-classical oracles

Kaasamisest säutsumiseni: noorte osaluse erinevad tahud

From engagement to tweeting: Different facets of youth participationAbstractNumerous recent studies refer to the fact that the understanding of youth political participation is changing. The concept itself is more diversified than in the past - in addition to participating in top-down organised activities such as occasional participation in demonstrations, influencing social issues in fan clubs, expressing opinions on social media and general consumer behaviour are considered participation amongst other things. However, a decrease in conventional political engagement among young people is a general trend and in post-socialist countries, youths are even less likely to participate in conventional ways compared to peers in mature democracies. Democratization in Estonia fell to a period when the influence of parties and mainstream media began to decline throughout Europe. It is said that there has been a transition from dutiful citizenship to so-called actualizing citizenship. If a dutiful citizen preferred government-centred activities and expressed interests through parties and other organisations, an actualizing citizen favours a loose network of community action and mistrusts both the mainstream media and politicians. Presumably, dutiful citizenship has never been a prevailing trend in Estonia due to the socio-political context. Therefore, we cannot talk about its replacement, but rather about the formation of ways of being a citizen. The introductory article opens up the participation of young people in Estonia who stay away from party politics and explains a little about the context of the articles in the special issue: political participation in social media; the participation of different young people and supporting the participation of young people

Eesti Lastearstide Seltsi XXII kongressi teesid

Eesti Arst 2019;98(Lisa 2):1–6

Towards Effective Educational Politics through Improving the Performance Measurement System

Educational field is impelled to increase performance and quality, financial discipline, strategic behaviour and its goals in order to enhance “effectiveness”. As a result the incorporation of private sector management practices into the educational field is taking place. But it is important to notice that a proliferation of private managerial practices into the educational field goes along with a conflict-laden and contradictory process. Education provides an important area of implementation for techniques of performance evaluation aimed at improving the performance of public services. One of the most common conceptual frameworks in measuring organisational performance takes the form of a production function where the educational institution is seen as analogous to a company transforming inputs into outputs and outcomes through a production process. But the problems and the vagueness in determining educational system’s inputs, outputs and outcomes cause difficulties in making political decisions and that is why clear policy prescriptions have been difficult to derive. The purpose of this article is to create a discussion whether performance measurement should be a part of decision-making in educational politics. The authors debate about incorporating private sector management practices into the educational field. The debate is based on the example of evaluating the social impact in the educational field and the performance of teachers’ work in the educational system. The article consists of three parts. Firstly, the theoretical background of the performance measurement in educational field is discussed. Secondly, the important criteria for performance measurement design and political issues are argued. Thirdly, the evaluated shortcomings in Estonian educational organisations, which restrict them to be effective, are brought out. Relieving some of these shortcomings could be in authority of Estonian educational politics