Exchange Rate Regimes and Economic Integration: The Case of the Accession Countries

Eu-Erweiterung, Wirtschaftsintegration, Wechselkurssystem, Europäische Wirtschafts-und Währungsunion, EU enlargement, Economic integration, Exchange-rate regime, European Economic and Monetary Union

Etude de la fonctionnalité de la vitamine A lors d'une prise de poids d'origine alimentaire : approches expérimentale et biomédicale.

Actuellement, les recherches en nutrition s'orientent de plus en plus vers l'étude des nutriments capables de moduler l'expression génique. Dans ce contexte, l'action cellulaire des acides gras s'exerce par l'intermédiaire de récepteurs nucléaires, les PPARs (récepteurs activés par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes) qui appartiennent, comme les récepteurs de l'acide rétinoïque (RAR), à la superfamille des récepteurs nucléaires. Ce sont des facteurs de transcription qui jouent un rôle clé dans la régulation de gènes impliqués dans les programmes de prolifération et de différenciation cellulaire. L'objectif de notre travail était d'étudier la fonctionnalité de la vitamine A dans deux situations nutritionnelles proches : - la mise en place d'un surpoids d'origine alimentaire sur un modèle expérimental de rats. - la phase dynamique de prise de poids d'origine alimentaire lors d'une obésité installée chez l'homme par une étude biomédicale. Nous avons mesuré l'expression des récepteurs nucléaires activés par les acides gras (PPAR), la vitamine A (RAR) et les hormones thyroïdiennes (TR) dans le foie et le tissu adipeux blanc de rats et dans le tissu sous cutané chez l'homme. Nos résultats montrent une hyper-expression des PPARs et une hypo-expression des RARs et des TRs dans les tissus étudiés. Ce nouveau profil d'expression des récepteurs nucléaires pourrait constituer l'un des phénomènes adaptatifs précoces qui entraine les modifications de plasticité du tissu adipeux lors de le mise en place de l'obésité.Actually, orientations in nutritional researches are towards the study of nutrients modulating gene expression. In this context, the cellular action of fatty acids is mediated by nuclear receptors, PPAR (peroxisome proliferator ñactivated receptor) that belongs, as the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. These transcription factors play a key role in regulating gene implicated in cellular proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this work was the study the vitamin A functionality in an experimental model of over-weight rat and in obese patients. We measured the expression of PPAR, RAR and triiodothyronine receptors (TR) in rat's liver and adipose tissue and in human adipose tissue. Our results show an increase expression of PPARs and a decrease expression of RAR and TR. This new pattern of expression of nuclear receptors could be an important event in the early body adaptive mechanisms promoting the adipose tissue plasticity and leading to the onset of obesity

CFD-CAA Coupled Calculations of a Tandem Cylinder Configuration to Assess Facility Installation Effects

This paper presents a numerical assessment of acoustic installation effects in the tandem cylinder (TC) experiments conducted in the NASA Langley Quiet Flow Facility (QFF), an open-jet, anechoic wind tunnel. Calculations that couple the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) of the TC configuration within the QFF are conducted using the CFD simulation results previously obtained at NASA LaRC. The coupled simulations enable the assessment of installation effects associated with several specific features in the QFF facility that may have impacted the measured acoustic signature during the experiment. The CFD-CAA coupling is based on CFD data along a suitably chosen surface, and employs a technique that was recently improved to account for installed configurations involving acoustic backscatter into the CFD domain. First, a CFD-CAA calculation is conducted for an isolated TC configuration to assess the coupling approach, as well as to generate a reference solution for subsequent assessments of QFF installation effects. Direct comparisons between the CFD-CAA calculations associated with the various installed configurations allow the assessment of the effects of each component (nozzle, collector, etc.) or feature (confined vs. free jet flow, etc.) characterizing the NASA LaRC QFF facility

Predicting the dynamic behaviour of torus milling tools when climb milling using the stability lobes theory

This paper investigates stability and dynamic behaviour of torus tool in climb milling on 5 positioned axes. The stability lobes theory is used to enable stable cutting conditions to be chosen. As the adaptation of such a theory to complex milling configurations is a difficult matter, new methods are presented to identify the dynamic parameters. Tool dynamic characteristics (stiffness and natural pulsation) are determined with an original coupled calculations-tests method. Start and exit angles are computed exactly using an original numerical model. A sensitivity analysis highlights the influence of machining parameters on stability of climb milling. This shows that a third region of “potential instability” must be taken into account in plotting stability lobes, due to the uncertainty of prediction due to modelling and identification of parameters. The results were validated experimentally with an innovative approach, especially through the use of high-speed cameras. Analysis of vibrations and the surface roughness allowed the analytical model to be verified so as to optimise the inclination of the tool on the surface

Palmoplantar epidermoid cysts: two cases and brief review of the literature

Palmoplantar epidermoid cysts can range in clinical presentation from an asymptomatic slowly enlarging mass to a painful nodule. We report two cases: an epidermoid cyst on the sole and another on the palm. This article reviews the possible etiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of palmoplantar epidermoid cysts

An analytical model taking feed rate effect into consideration for scallop height calculation in milling with torus-end cutter

International audienceFeed rate effect on scallop height in complex surface milling by torus-end mill is rarely studied. In a previous paper, an analytical predictive model of scallop height based on transverse step over distance has been established. However, this model doesn’t take feed rate effect into consideration. In the present work an analytical expression of scallop height, including feed rate effect, is detailed in order to quantify feed rate effect and thus to estimate more precisely the surface quality. Then, an experimental validation is conducted, comparing the presented model predictions with experimental results. Actually, the share of the scallop height due to feed effect is highly dependent on the machining configuration. However, most of time, the feed effect on total scallop height values is far from being negligible

JIMD Rep

Primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is an inherited disease of fatty acid beta-oxidation with autosomal recessive inheritance. The disease manifests as metabolic decompensation with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia associated with cardiomyopathy, hepatomegaly, rhabdomyolysis, and seizures. Various outcomes are described from asymptomatic adults to dramatic sudden infant death syndrome cases. We present a severe case of PCD decompensation in an 18-week-old female. She presented with hypotonia, moaning, diarrhea, and vomiting at the pediatric emergency. Initially suspected as intracranial hypertension, the clinical condition evolved rapidly and caused a reversible cardiac arrest with profound hypoglycemia. Despite carnitine supplementation, she succumbed from cardiac arrhythmia and multivisceral failure 4 days after admission. The genetic analyses showed a PCD with biallelic pathogenic variants of gene. The case report is notable for the severity of the cardiac damage possibly favored by maternal carnitine deficiency during pregnancy. The analysis of previously published PCD cases highlights (i) the importance of having large access to emergency biochemical tests for early therapeutic care although the disease has unpredictable severity and (ii) the fact that the clinical outcome remains unpredictable if carnitine treatment is initiated late

Characterization of the pressure fluctuations within a Controlled-Diffusion airfoil boundary layer at large Reynolds numbers

The present investigation targets the generation of airfoil trailing-edge broadband noise that arises from the interaction of turbulent boundary layer with the airfoil trailing edge. Large-eddy simulations, carried out using a massively parallel compressible solver CharLESX, are conducted for a Controlled-Diffusion (CD) airfoil with rounded trailing edge for seven configurations, characterized with a Reynolds number, angle of attack and Mach number. An analysis of the unsteady pressure signals in the boundary layer is proposed in regard to classical trailing edge noise modelling ingredients

Adolescent smoking and tertiary education: opposing pathways linking socio-economic background to alcohol consumption

Background and Aims If socio-economic disadvantage is associated with more adolescent smoking, but less participation in tertiary education, and smoking and tertiary education are both associated with heavier drinking, these may represent opposing pathways to heavy drinking. This paper examines contextual variation in the magnitude and direction of these associations. Design Comparing cohort studies. Setting United Kingdom. Participants Participants were from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS58; n = 15 672), the British birth cohort study (BCS70; n = 12 735) and the West of Scotland Twenty-07 1970s cohort (T07; n = 1515). Measurements Participants self-reported daily smoking and weekly drinking in adolescence (age 16 years) and heavy drinking (> 14/21 units in past week) in early adulthood (ages 22?26 years). Parental occupational class (manual versus non-manual) indicated socio-economic background. Education beyond age 18 was coded as tertiary. Models were adjusted for parental smoking and drinking, family structure and adolescent psychiatric distress. Findings Respondents from a manual class were more likely to smoke and less likely to enter tertiary education (e.g. in NCDS58, probit coefficients were 0.201 and ?0.765, respectively; P < 0.001 for both) than respondents from a non-manual class. Adolescent smokers were more likely to drink weekly in adolescence (0.346; P < 0.001) and more likely to drink heavily in early adulthood (0.178; P < 0.001) than adolescent non-smokers. Respondents who participated in tertiary education were more likely to drink heavily in early adulthood (0.110 for males, 0.182 for females; P < 0.001 for both) than respondents with no tertiary education. With some variation in magnitude, these associations were consistent across all three cohorts. Conclusions In Britain, young adults are more likely to drink heavily both if they smoke and participate in tertiary education (college and university) despite socio-economic background being associated in opposite directions with these risk factors