58 research outputs found
Vitamin E Supplementation—But Not Induced Oxidative Stress—Influences Telomere Dynamics During Early Development in Wild Passerines
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2019.00173/full#supplementary-materialWe thank F. Miranda and Laboratory of Ecophysiology-EBD (ISO9001:2015 and ISO14001:2015) for assistance with lab analyses. E. Roldán, at the National Museum of Natural History-CSIC, helped with sample conservation and transport.Telomere length is a marker of cellular senescence that relates to different components of individual fitness. Oxidative stress is often claimed as a main proximate factor contributing to telomere attrition, although the importance of this factor in vivo has recently been challenged. Early development represents an ideal scenario to address this hypothesis because it is characterized by the highest rates of telomere attrition of the life and by an arguably high susceptibility to oxidative stress. We tested the effect of oxidative stress on telomere dynamics during early development by exposing pied flycatcher nestlings (Ficedula hypoleuca) to either an oxidative challenge (diquat injections), an antioxidant (vitamin E) or control treatments (PBS injections and supplementation with vehicle substance). We found no effects of treatments on average telomere change during the nestling period. However, vitamin E supplementation, which increased growth, removed the association between initial telomere length and telomere attrition. Diquat-treated nestlings, by contrast, showed no differences in growth or telomere dynamics with respect to controls. These results do not support the hypothesis that oxidative stress is the main direct mechanism explaining telomere attrition in vivo, and highlight the importance of micronutrient intake during early development on telomere dynamics. Studies addressing alternative action pathways of vitamins on growth and telomere dynamics, perhaps via restoration mechanisms, would provide important insights on the proximate factors affecting telomere attrition during this critical phase of life.LP-R was supported by Severo Ochoa (SEV-2012-0262) and SECTI (UCLM) postdoctoral contracts during data collection manuscript and writing, respectively. Funding was provided by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SMEC); grant number CGL2014-55969-P. Additional funding came from the project “A test of the oxidative cost of a reliable signal,” granted to TR by the internal EBD proposal call Microproyectos and financed by the SMEC, through the Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R+D+I (SEV-2012-0262)
Health‑related quality of life in patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer: CAPLIFE study
Funding Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada /
CBUA. This research was funded by Regional Ministry of Health and
Families of Andalusia/ConsejerĂa de Salud y Familias de la Junta de
AndalucĂa (PI-0514-2016).Purpose
To analyse the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) at diagnosis of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) according to tumour extension and urinary symptomatology and to explore factors associated with HRQoL.
Methods
408 Controls and 463 PCa cases were included. Eligibility criteria were a new diagnosis of PCa (cases), 40–80 years of age, and residence in the participating hospitals’ coverage area for ≥ 6 months before recruitment. HRQoL was evaluated using the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Mental (MCS) and Physical Component Summaries (PCS), and urinary symptoms with the International Prostate Symptom Score. HRQoL scores for all PCa cases, according to tumour extension and urinary symptoms, were compared with controls. In addition, information about lifestyles and comorbidities was collected and its association with low HRQoL (lower scores) were explored using logistic regression models.
Results
Overall cases had similar PCS score, but lower MCS score than controls. The lowest standardised scores for both PCS and MCS were reached by cases with severe urinary symptoms and a metastatic tumour [mean (SD); PCS: 41.9 (11.5), MCS: 42.3 (10.3)]. Having “below” PCS and MCS scores was associated with the presence of three or more comorbidities in the cases [aOR = 2.86 (1.19–6.84) for PCS and aOR = 3.58 (1.37–9.31) for MCS] and with severe urinary symptomatology [aOR = 4.71 (1.84–12.08) for PCS and aOR = 7.63 (2.70–21.58) for MCS].
Conclusion
The mental dimension of HRQoL at diagnosis of patients with PCa was lower than in controls, especially for cases with severe urinary symptoms and a metastatic tumour. Comorbidities and urinary symptoms were variables associated with the HRQoL of PCa cases.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUARegional Ministry of Health and Families of Andalusia/ConsejerĂa de Salud y Familias de la Junta de AndalucĂa (PI-0514-2016
Alcohol use and family-related factors among Spanish university students: the unHicos project
Background: During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated. Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi-Square test and Student's T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association. Results: The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2–17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9–48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72; p < 0.001 and women OR = 1.74; p < 0.001) and family history of consumption (p = 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association. The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and greater social support from health services.This work was supported by the National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain (Codes: 2010|145, 2013|034 and 2020|030) and project PI16/01947
Alcohol use and family-related factors among Spanish university students: the unHicos project
[EN] Background During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students. Methods Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated. Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi-Square test and Student's T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association. Results The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2–17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9–48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72; p < 0.001 and women OR = 1.74; p < 0.001) and family history of consumption (p = 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association. The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and greater social support from health servicesSIThis work was supported by the National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain (Codes: 2010|145, 2013|034 and 2020|030) and project PI16/01947
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Evolution of Prevalence and Patterns of Cannabis Use among First-Year University Students in Spain—UniHcos Project
Among university students there has been evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic increased their psychological distress, exacerbated by social restrictions. The main objective of this study was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and patterns of cannabis use among university students, in contrast to previous trends since 2012. Data from 10,522 first-year university students (73.3% female, Mage 19 (SD = 1.6)) from eleven Spanish universities collected between 2012 and May 2022 was analysed. Prevalences of cannabis use and their differences by sex were studied, as well as changes in patterns of use and its use for coping during the pandemic. It was found that during lockdown, all prevalence rates of cannabis use decreased in both sexes, showing no statistically significant differences and increasing again in the new normal period in both. Among regular cannabis users, 79.7% reported maintaining or increasing their cannabis use during the pandemic, and of these, half reported using cannabis to cope. Moreover, cannabis use in the usual household increased during the lockdown. These results show that although the overall prevalence of cannabis use was reduced during the lockdown, regular users tended to maintain or increase cannabis use. This could imply two different patterns of use among students, one social and occasional versus the other regular, providing new lines of research for prevention and the implementation of social policies.This research was funded by the National Drug Plan from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain (Grant numbers: 2010|145, 2013|034 and 2020|030) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant number: PI16/01947)
Patterns of alcohol consumption and use of health services in spanish university students: UniHcos Project
The aim of the study was to examine the association of alcohol consumption patterns (hazardous alcohol use and binge drinking) and the use of emergency services and primary care consultations in university students. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at eleven Spanish universities collaborating within the uniHcos Project. University students completed an online questionnaire that assessed hazardous alcohol use and binge drinking using the AUDIT questionnaire and evaluated the use of emergency services and primary care. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the chi-squared test and Student's t-test and nonconditional logistic regression models to examine this association. Results: There were 10,167 participants who completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of hazardous alcohol use was 16.9% (95% CI: 16.2?17.6), while the prevalence of binge drinking was 48.8% (95% CI: 47.9?49.8). There were significant differences in the use of emergency services in those surveyed with hazardous alcohol use (p < 0.001) or binge drinking pattern (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of attendance during primary care visits in individuals with hazardous alcohol use (p = 0.367) or binge drinking pattern (p = 0.755). The current study shows the association between university students with a pattern of hazardous alcohol use or binge drinking and greater use of emergency services. However, no significant association was observed between the said consumption patterns and the use of primary care services
Declared experiences of risky sexual behaviors in relation to alcohol consumption in the first year of college
Fundamentos: En universitarios, el consumo de alcohol
de mayor riesgo (borracheras y binge drinking (BD), tiene
consecuencias negativas sobre su desarrollo y probablemente
facilita conductas sexuales de riesgo. El objetivo de
este trabajo fue estudiar si las conductas sexuales de riesgo
al consumir alcohol (CSRA) se asocian a los consumos de
mayor riesgo.
Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico transversal con datos
del Proyecto uniHcos, de universitarios de 1er año de 11
universidades españolas, entre los cursos 2011-2012 y 2017-
2018. Datos recogidos mediante cuestionario autoadministrado.
Se realizó un análisis uni y bivariable, evaluando la significación
estadĂstica de las diferencias de prevalencia con
chi-cuadrado. Se utilizĂł media y desviaciĂłn tĂpica para variables
cuantitativas y como estadĂstico de contraste t de Student.
Resultados: 9.862 participantes (72,2% mujeres). El
90,3% consumiĂł alcohol y el 60,9% tuvo borracheras en Ăşltimo
año; el 49% tuvo BD en el último mes. El consumo en
el Ăşltimo mes y las borracheras fueron mayores en hombres
y < 21 años. Las CSRA fueron superiores entre los que se
emborracharon (15,7% sexo sin protecciĂłn, 1,9% abuso sexual
y 0,7% aprovecharse sexualmente) y consumieron en
BD (17,1%, 1,9% y 0,7%). Las mujeres con ambos consumos
de riesgo presentaron más abusos sexuales (2,2%), y los
hombres fueron quienes más se aprovecharon sexualmente de
otros (borracheras:1,2%; BD: 1,3%).
Conclusiones: El consumo de alcohol está por encima
de grupos similares. El BD tiene un patrón similar por género
y edad. Las CSRA se asocian a los consumos de mayor riesgo,
no detectándose en este grupo diferencias por género en sexo
sin protecciĂłn, sĂ en otras CSRA.Objective: In college students, higher risk alcohol consumption (drunkenness and binge drinking-BD) has negative consequences on their development and and probably facilitates risk sexual behaviors. The objective was to study if risky sexual behaviors when consuming alcohol (RSBA) are associated with higher risk consumption.
Methods: Cross-sectional multicenter study with UniHcos Project, 1st year university students from 11 universities in Spain, academic years 2011-2012 to 2017-2018 data. This data were collected by self-administered questionnaire. A uni and bivariate analysis was performed, evaluated the statistical significance of the differences in prevalence with chi-square. Mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables and Student's t test statistic was used.
Results: 9,862 subjects (72.2% women). 90.3% reported having consumed alcohol and 60.9% had drunk the last year, 49% BD in last month. It was deteded in men, significantly higher consumption in the last month and drunkenness. Last month consumption and drunkenness were significantly higher in men and in <21 years. The RSBA were significantly higher among who were drunk (15.7% unprotected sex, 1.9% sexual abuse and 0.7% taking sexual advantage) and had BD (17.1%, 1.9% and 0.7 %). Women with both risk consumptions had more sexual abuse (2.2%), and men had greater behaviors of taking sexual advantage of someone (drunk: 1.2%; BD: 1.3%).
Conclusions: Alcohol consumption was above similar groups. BD consumption was similar by gender and age. Risk sexual behaviors appear mainly in problematic consumption. Gender differences are not detected in alcohol consumers in unprotected sex but deteded in the rest.Financiación: El estudio ha sido financiado por el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas del Ministerio de Salud, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Convocatoria de 2010 y de 2013. (Códigos: 2010/145 and 2013/034) y por el Instituto de Salud Carlos III a través de la convocatoria del FIS (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria) de 2016 (PI16/01947)
Desarrollo de una versión breve de la PTSD Checklist (PCL) basada en la definición de trastorno de estrés postraumático de la CIE-11
IntroducciĂłn y objetivos: El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue desarrollar, a partir de la Lista de VerificaciĂłn del Trastorno de EstrĂ©s Postraumático (PCL), una medida de autoinforme de la sintomatologĂa de estrĂ©s postraumático basada en los criterios sintomáticos de la CIE-11 para el trastorno de estrĂ©s postraumático (TEPT). Material y mĂ©todos: Se seleccionaron siete Ătems de la PCL para formar la PCL-CIE-11 y se analizaron sus propiedades psicomĂ©tricas en una muestra de 634 vĂctimas del terrorismo a las que se aplicĂł la versiĂłn especĂfica de la PCL (PCL-S) junto con una entrevista diagnĂłstica estructurada y medidas de depresiĂłn y ansiedad. Resultados: La PCL-CIE-11 muestra una estructura unifactorial con buenos Ăndices de ajuste que se replica en dos submuestras de vĂctimas creadas aleatoriamente a partir de la muestra global, y presenta Ăndices excelentes o muy buenos de consistencia interna (α > .85) y de validez diagnĂłstica para identificar el TEPT (AUC > .90 y kappa ≥ .75). La escala tambiĂ©n discrimina significativamente y con tamaños del efecto grandes (d = 0.88 – 2.32) entre vĂctimas con TEPT, vĂctimas con trastornos depresivos o de ansiedad y vĂctimas sin trastornos, presenta correlaciones significativas y grandes con medidas de depresiĂłn y ansiedad, dos constructos con los que el TEPT guarda una estrecha relaciĂłn, y muestra una correlaciĂłn muy elevada, de .95, con la PCL-S completa. Conclusiones: La PCL-CIE-11 es una versiĂłn breve de la PCL-S que presenta buenas propiedades psicomĂ©tricas y puede ser Ăştil para evaluar la presencia y gravedad de la sintomatologĂa del TEPT tanto desde la perspectiva del DSM como de la CIE-11
La Lista de VerificaciĂłn del Trastorno de EstrĂ©s Postraumático (PCL) en vĂctimas del terrorismo: análisis comparativo de las propiedades psicomĂ©tricas de su aplicaciĂłn telefĂłnica frente a presencial
IntroducciĂłn y objetivos. En muchas situaciones tales como las de confinamiento provocadas por la pandemia de la COVID 19, es imposible aplicar los instrumentos psicolĂłgicos presencialmente, como originalmente se concibieron. Sin embargo, el modo de aplicaciĂłn puede afectar a las propiedades psicomĂ©tricas de las medidas de un instrumento. La Lista de VerificaciĂłn del Trastorno de EstrĂ©s Postraumático (del inglĂ©s PTSD Checklist; en adelante PCL) es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados para evaluar presencialmente la sintomatologĂa del trastorno de estrĂ©s postraumático (TEPT). Este es el primer estudio que analiza y compara la estructura factorial, consistencia interna y validez diagnĂłstica, nomolĂłgica y de grupos contrastados de las medidas de la PCL aplicada presencial y telefĂłnicamente.
Material y mĂ©todos. Se administrĂł la PCL en ambos formatos a una muestra de 634 personas vĂctimas del terrorismo junto con una entrevista diagnĂłstica estructurada y medidas de depresiĂłn y ansiedad.
Resultados. Las puntuaciones de ambas formas de aplicaciĂłn de la PCL presentan una misma estructura unifactorial, Ăndices excelentes de consistencia interna (alfa > .90) e Ăndices muy buenos de validez diagnĂłstica para identificar el TEPT (AUC > .90); ambas discriminan significativamente y con tamaños del efecto grandes (d = 0.88–2.84) entre vĂctimas con TEPT, con trastornos depresivos o de ansiedad y sin trastornos, y ambas presentan correlaciones significativas y grandes con medidas de otros constructos con los que el TEPT guarda una estrecha relaciĂłn: depresiĂłn y ansiedad.
Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que la PCL se puede aplicar telefĂłnicamente con las mismas garantĂas psicomĂ©tricas que presencialmente
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