Cuerdas cósmicas de materia oscura axiónica

El axión como resultado de una ruptura espontánea de la simetría PQ tiene profundas implicaciones cosmológicas. Una de ellas son la aparición de defectos topológicos, como redes de cuerdas y paredes de dominio, asociados a este tipo de transiciones de fase que tienen lugar en el Universo temprano. Aunque pueden servir para explicar la abundancia de materia oscura y la formación de estructuras por inhomogeneidades, pueden suponer un desastre cosmológico, en especial las paredes de dominio. La evolución de estas redes de defectos topológicos se pueden simular y está caracterizada por tiempos característicos que se pueden estimar analíticamente. La evolución de la red de cuerdas y paredes de domino, así como su destino y desaparición depende del número de mínimos degenerados, que tenga el potencial QCD. Si este número es mayor que uno, se puede introducir un término de bias que favorezca que el campo tienda a uno de los mínimos al cabo de un tiempo característico, suponiendo una solución al problema de las paredes de dominio.<br /

Compatibility of cast search with axionlike interpretation of PVLAS results

The PVLAS Collaboration has results that may be interpreted in terms of a light axionlike particle, while the CAST Collaboration has not found any signal of such particles. We propose a particle physics model with paraphotons and with a low energy scale in which this apparent inconsistency is circumvented

Detección de materia oscura axiónica con Microlensing

Uno de los posibles candidatos a materia oscura es el axión. Estas hipotéticas partículas forman unas estructuras masivas llamadas miniclusters. Es posible detectarlos mediante el uso de técnicas de microlensing gravitatorio. En este trabajo se estudian los axiones, los miniclusters que forman, y las características ideales que estos deberían tener para poder observarlos con microlensing, junto al desarrollo del formalismo necesario para realizar estos cálculos.<br /

Escapar de un agujero negro

Una de las características más notables de los agujeros negros está relacionada con laabsorción de materia y radiación por parte de estos. En los sistemas más simples, una vezla materia cruza una cierta región, esta deja de ser visible para un observador externo yjamás saldrá del agujero negro.En este trabajo se profundizará en el análisis de este suceso para sistemas de agujerosnegros más complejos. Esta complejidad nos obligará a tratar de simplificar el problemaa través de la termodinámica, proporcionando una relación para la entropía de agujerosnegros acelerados que podrá servir como punto de partida para futuros estudios.<br /

Estudio sobre la producción de axiones en el Sol y su detección en helioscopios de axiones

Estudio bibliográfico sobre axiones, abarcando qué son, qué motivos justifican su existencia más allá del Modelo de Estándar de Partículas actual, cómo interaccionan con la materia, cómo se producen y cómo se pueden detectar. Aplicación posterior de esos conocimientos en la obtención de la curva de sensibilidad de dos experimentos, IAXO y BabyIAXO, cuyo objetivo es detectar axiones solares. Además, se propone una alternativa a la fase II de estos experimentos, redistribuyendo el tiempo de medida para buscar en distintos valores del rango de parámetros de la masa del axión y su constante de acoplo con fotones.<br /

Prevalence of urinary incontinence among spanish older people living at home

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and characteristics of urinary incontinence (UI) in the noninstitutionalized elderly population of Madrid. Spain. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in a representative sample of all community-dwelling people aged 65 or over. Subjects were interviewed in their homes. The question: Do you currently experience any difficulty in controlling your urine?... In other words, does your urine escape involuntarily? Was used to identify UI. Type of UI, use of absorbents and specific drugs were also assessed, as well as consultation behaviour. Results: 589 persons were interviewed (response rate: 71,2 %). The prevalence of UI was 15,5%. No significant difference was observed between men and women. Urge UI was the main type for men and mixed UI for women. Use of pads was referred by 20,2% of men. A total of 34,4% of subjects never went to the doctor for their problem (25,2% of men and 39,4% of women). Conclusion: Compared to other populations the overall prevalence of UI in Spanish elders living at home is relatively high. A very small difference by gender was found, although a lower response rate in women could in part explain this unexpected finding.Publicad

Glaciokarst landforms in the Siera de los Grajos, Babia and Luna natural park (Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain)

Landforms resulting from the interaction between paleo-glaciers and karst are studied by using the Sierra de los Grajos (Cantabrian Mountains) as a model. This area contains glacial landforms that have not interested geomorphologists due to their low altitude (Peña Castillo is about 1857 m a.s.l.), the absence of glacial cirques and the scarcity of large moraines. However, the prevalence of groundwater flow and chemical dissolution has favoured the preservation of glacial landforms. Lateral and frontal moraines show three main glacial stages and other minor glacier stabilization phases, with the paleo-ELA oscillating between 1650 and 1760 m. Moraines are combined with depressions and sinks resulting from subglacial karstic drainage. This convergence of forms and processes is an exception in the Cantabrian Mountains, where postglacial erosion has usually eroded the frontal moraines and the proglacial sediments. In the case of the Sierra de los Grajos, despite the underground drainage and preservation of many glacial deposits on karstic landforms, an outwash-plain was formed. These proglacial sediments and others from non-karstified areas filled the depressions of the preglacial terrain located at their edges. The main glaciokarstic landforms have been mapped and a sedimentological analysis of the outwash plain was made in order to reconstruct the glacial dynamics of this area.Key words: glaciokarst landforms, glacial geomorphology, karst geomorphology, geomorphological mapping, Cantabrian Mountains. Glaciokraški relief na območju Sierra de los Grajos v parku Babia in luna (Kantabrijsko gorovje, SZ Španija)Na območju Sierra de los Grajos (Kantabrijsko gorovje) smo raziskovali relief, ki je v preteklosti nastal z medsebojnim vplivanjem kraških in ledeniških procesov. Zaradi nizke nadmorske višine (Peña Castillo je le 1857 m nad morjem) ter odsotnosti velikih moren in krnic to območje geomorfologov do sedaj ni posebej zanimalo. Prav kraški procesi in z njimi povezano podzemno odtekanje so tu omogočili ohranitev ledeniških oblik. Bočne in čelne morene kažejo na tri glavne faze poledenitev in več manjših faz stabilizacije ledenikov z ravnovesno mejo (ELA) med 1650 in 1760 m.n.m. Morene so pogosto vezane na kraške globeli. Glaciokraške pojave najdemo le na tem območju Kantabrijskega gorovja, kjer je sicer poledeniška erozija odstranila čelne morene in proglacialne sedimente. Kljub podzemnemu odtoku in ohranitvi številnih ledeniških sedimentov na kraškem reliefu se je na Sierra de los Grajos oblikoval predledeniški vršaj (sander). Proglacialni sedimenti in sedimenti iz nekraških območij so zapolnili globeli v predledeniškem kraškem terenu. Kartiranje glaciokraških reliefnih in analiza sedimentov predledeniških vršajev sta nam omogočila rekonstrukcijo dinamike ledenika na obravnavanem območju.Ključne besede: glaciokraške reliefne oblike, ledeniška geomorfologija, kraška geomorfologija, geomorfološko kartiranje, Kantabrijsko gorovje, Španija.

Metabolic health, mitochondrial fitness, physical activity, and cancer

Cancer continues to be a significant global health issue. Traditional genetic-based approaches to understanding and treating cancer have had limited success. Researchers are increasingly exploring the impact of the environment, specifically inflammation and metabolism, on cancer development. Examining the role of mitochondria in this context is crucial for understanding the connections between metabolic health, physical activity, and cancer. This study aimed to review the literature on this topic through a comprehensive narrative review of various databases including MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. The review highlighted the importance of mitochondrial function in overall health and in regulating key events in cancer development, such as apoptosis. The concept of “mitochondrial fitness” emphasizes the crucial role of mitochondria in cell metabolism, particularly their oxidative functions, and how proper function can prevent replication errors and regulate apoptosis. Engaging in high-energy-demanding movement, such as exercise, is a powerful intervention for improving mitochondrial function and increasing resistance to environmental stressors. These findings support the significance of considering the role of the environment, specifically inflammation and metabolism, in cancer development and treatment. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms by which physical activity improves mitochondrial function and potentially reduces the risk of cancer.Funded by the European Union—“NextGeneration EU” through the Grant for the Requalification of the Spanish University System for 2021–2023 at the Public University of Navarra (Resolution 1402/2021)