2,344 research outputs found
Prediction of unsteady aerodynamic loadings caused by leading edge and trailing edge control surface motions in subsonic compressible flow: Computer program description
A digital computer program has been developed to calculate unsteady loadings caused by motions of lifting surfaces with leading edge or trailing edge controls based on the subsonic kernel function approach. The pressure singularities at hinge line and side edges have been extracted analytically as a preliminary step to solving the integral equation by collocation. The program calculates generalized aerodynamic forces for user supplied deflection modes. Optional intermediate output includes pressure at an array of points, and sectional generalized forces. From one to six controls on the half span can be accommodated
Unified Models of Molecular Emission from Class 0 Protostellar Outflow Sources
Low mass star-forming regions are more complex than the simple spherically
symmetric approximation that is often assumed. We apply a more realistic
infall/outflow physical model to molecular/continuum observations of three late
Class 0 protostellar sources with the aims of (a) proving the applicability of
a single physical model for all three sources, and (b) deriving physical
parameters for the molecular gas component in each of the sources.
We have observed several molecular species in multiple rotational
transitions. The observed line profiles were modelled in the context of a
dynamical model which incorporates infall and bipolar outflows, using a three
dimensional radiative transfer code. This results in constraints on the
physical parameters and chemical abundances in each source.
Self-consistent fits to each source are obtained. We constrain the
characteristics of the molecular gas in the envelopes as well as in the
molecular outflows. We find that the molecular gas abundances in the infalling
envelope are reduced, presumably due to freeze-out, whilst the abundances in
the molecular outflows are enhanced, presumably due to dynamical activity.
Despite the fact that the line profiles show significant source-to-source
variation, which primarily derives from variations in the outflow viewing
angle, the physical parameters of the gas are found to be similar in each core.Comment: MNRAS 12 pages, 16 figure
Champagne Flutes and Brandy Snifters: Modelling Protostellar Outflow-Cloud Chemical Interfaces
A rich variety of molecular species has now been observed towards hot cores
in star forming regions and in the interstellar medium. An increasing body of
evidence from millimetre interferometers suggests that many of these form at
the interfaces between protostellar outflows and their natal molecular clouds.
However, current models have remained unable to explain the origin of the
observational bias towards wide-angled "brandy snifter" shaped outflows over
narrower "champagne flute" shapes in carbon monoxide imaging. Furthermore,
these wide-angled systems exhibit unusually high abundances of the molecular
ion HCO. We present results from a chemo-dynamic model of such regions
where a rich chemistry arises naturally as a result of turbulent mixing between
cold, dense molecular gas and the hot, ionized outflow material. The injecta
drives a rich and rapid ion-neutral chemistry in qualitative and quantitative
agreement with the observations. The observational bias towards wide-angled
outflows is explained naturally by the geometry-dependent ion injection rate
causing rapid dissociation of CO in the younger systems.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS. 12 pages, 8 Figure
Molecular gas freeze-out in the pre-stellar core L1689B
C17O (J=2-1) observations have been carried out towards the pre-stellar core
L1689B. By comparing the relative strengths of the hyperfine components of this
line, the emission is shown to be optically thin. This allows accurate CO
column densities to be determined and, for reference, this calculation is
described in detail. The hydrogen column densities that these measurements
imply are substantially smaller than those calculated from SCUBA dust emission
data. Furthermore, the C17O column densities are approximately constant across
L1689B whereas the SCUBA column densities are peaked towards the centre. The
most likely explanation is that CO is depleted from the central regions of
L1689B. Simple models of pre-stellar cores with an inner depleted region are
compared with the results. This enables the magnitude of the CO depletion to be
quantified and also allows the spatial extent of the freeze-out to be firmly
established. We estimate that within about 5000 AU of the centre of L1689B,
over 90% of the CO has frozen onto grains. This level of depletion can only be
achieved after a duration that is at least comparable to the free-fall
timescale.Comment: MNRAS letters. 5 pages, 5 figure
Prediction of unsteady aerodynamic loadings caused by leading edge and trailing edge control surface motions in subsonic compressible flow: Analysis and results
A theoretical analysis and computer program was developed for the prediction of unsteady lifting surface loadings caused by motions of leading edge and trailing edge control surfaces having sealed gaps. The final form of the downwash integral equation was formulated by isolating the singularities from the nonsingular terms and using a preferred solution process to remove and evaluate the downwash discontinuities in a systematic manner. Comparisons of theoretical and experimental pressure data are made for several control surface configurations. The comparisons indicate that reasonably accurate theoretical pressure distributions and generalized forces may be obtained for a wide variety of control surface configurations. Spanwise symmetry or antisymmetry of motion, and up to six control surfaces on each half span can be accommodated
Reduction of computer usage costs in predicting unsteady aerodynamic loadings caused by control surface motions: Computer program description
A digital computer program was developed to calculate unsteady loadings caused by motions of lifting surfaces with leading edge and trailing edge controls based on the subsonic kernel function approach. The pressure singularities at hinge line and side edges were extracted analytically as a preliminary step to solving the integral equation of collocation. The program calculates generalized aerodynamic forces for user supplied deflection modes. Optional intermediate output includes pressure at an array of points, and sectional generalized forces. From one to six controls on the half span can be accomodated
Deep Halpha imagery of the Eridanus shells
A deep \ha image of interlocking filamentary arcs of nebulosity has been
obtained with a wide-field ( 30\degree diameter) narrow-band filter
camera combined with a CCD as a detector. The resultant mosaic of images,
extending to a galactic latitude of 65, has been corrected for field
distortions and had galactic coordinates superimposed on it to permit accurate
correlations with the most recent H{\sc i} (21 cm), X-ray (0.75 kev) and FIR
(IRAS 100 m) maps.
Furthermore, an upper limit of 0.13 arcsec/yr to the expansion proper motion
of the primary 25\degree long nebulous arc has been obtained by comparing a
recent \ha image obtained with the San Pedro Martir telescope of its
filamentary edge with that on a POSS E plate obtained in 1951.
It is concluded that these filamentary arcs are the superimposed images of
separate shells (driven by supernova explosions and/or stellar winds) rather
than the edges of a single `superbubble' stretching from Barnard's Arc (and the
Orion Nebula) to these high galactic latitudes. The proper motion measurement
argues against the primary \ha emitting arc being associated with the giant
radio loop (Loop 2) except in extraordinary circumstances.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for MNRAS publicatio
Rotation of the pre-stellar core L1689B
The search for the onset of star formation in pre-stellar cores has focussed
on the identification of an infall signature in the molecular line profiles of
tracer species. The classic infall signature is a double peaked line profile
with an asymmetry in the strength of the peaks such that the blue peak is
stronger. L1689B is a pre-stellar core and infall candidate but new JCMT HCO+
line profile data, presented here, confirms that both blue and red asymmetric
line profiles are present in this source. Moreover, a dividing line can be
drawn between the locations where each type of profile is found. It is argued
that it is unlikely that the line profiles can be interpreted with simple
models of infall or outflow and that rotation of the inner regions is the most
likely explanation. A rotational model is developed in detail with a new 3D
molecular line transport code and it is found that the best type of model is
one in which the rotational velocity profile is in between solid body and
Keplerian. It is firstly shown that red and blue asymmetric line profiles can
be generated with a rotation model entirely in the absence of any infall
motion. The model is then quantitively compared with the JCMT data and an
iteration over a range of parameters is performed to minmize the difference
between the data and model. The results indicate that rotation can dominate the
line profile shape even before the onset of infall.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS, 7 pages, 4 figure
- …