An Efficient and Trustworthy Resource Sharing Platform for Collaborative Cloud Computing

Software as a Service (SaaS) is an important flavor of cloud computing to provide comprehensive Business emulsion. modernization in cloud computing are foremost to a promising future for cloud association, where wide-reaching spotted distributed cloud resources belonging to diverse organizations or individuals are collectively used in a compliant manner to provide services. —The collaborative cloud computing(CCC) which is collaboratively supported by various organization (Google, IBM, AMAZON, MICROSOFT) offers a promising future for information rescue. Human beings look after to keep things simple by moving the complex feature to computing. As a consequence, we prefer to go to one or a limited number of sources for all our information needs. In contemporary scenario where information is replicated, modified (value added), and scattered geographically; retrieving information in a suitable form requires lot more effort from the user and thus difficult. For instance, we would like to go directly to the source of information and at the same time not to be burdened with additional effort. We propose a novel idea to utilize SaaS in the academic sector as an application, cloud campus and also to incorporate collaborative cloud computing (CCC) platform in four tasks: User and Service identity management, overall QoS based resource selection, resource overloadcontrol, feedback system

Design and simulation of a SOI based mems differential accelerometer

In this paper, the design and analysis of a differential MEMS capacitive accelerometer is presented. The device is designed to be compatible for SOI based fabrication process. The outstanding mechanical and electrical properties of silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers make it popular for high-performance MEMS sensors such as accelerometers. The operating range of the designed device is 0-10g with its sense axis in the in-plane direction. The movable comb fingers attached to the proof mass form capacitors with the fixed electrode fingers. The movable and fixed fingers are spaced with unequal gaps to form the differential capacitive sensing configuration. The base capacitance of this configuration is about 0.77pF and the sensitivity in response to acceleration input is about 0.776 fF/g. The resonance frequency of the structure in the sensing mode is found to be 7.138 kHz.The work was partially funded by the Russian Federation Ministry of Education and Science

Fibroblastic niches prime T cell alloimmunity through Delta-like Notch ligands.

Alloimmune T cell responses induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a serious complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Although Notch signaling mediated by Delta-like 1/4 (DLL1/4) Notch ligands has emerged as a major regulator of GVHD pathogenesis, little is known about the timing of essential Notch signals and the cellular source of Notch ligands after allo-BMT. Here, we have shown that critical DLL1/4-mediated Notch signals are delivered to donor T cells during a short 48-hour window after transplantation in a mouse allo-BMT model. Stromal, but not hematopoietic, cells were the essential source of Notch ligands during in vivo priming of alloreactive T cells. GVHD could be prevented by selective inactivation of Dll1 and Dll4 in subsets of fibroblastic stromal cells that were derived from chemokine Ccl19-expressing host cells, including fibroblastic reticular cells and follicular dendritic cells. However, neither T cell recruitment into secondary lymphoid organs nor initial T cell activation was affected by Dll1/4 loss. Thus, we have uncovered a pathogenic function for fibroblastic stromal cells in alloimmune reactivity that can be dissociated from their homeostatic functions. Our results reveal what we believe to be a previously unrecognized Notch-mediated immunopathogenic role for stromal cell niches in secondary lymphoid organs after allo-BMT and define a framework of early cellular and molecular interactions that regulate T cell alloimmunity

Protecting the health of the poor: Social Movements in the South

Despite the colossal amount of spending on health and healthcare programmes globally, why do massive inequalities in health remain, both within and between countries? Drawing on in-depth empirical research spanning Asia, Latin America and Africa, this path-breaking collection offers an overview of the legal, political and social factors behind the poor performance of countries in the Global South in enforcing the right to health. In doing so, it argues that governments and NGOs should unite to set a comprehensive agenda for a fight against poverty and for protecting the health of the poor. Bringing together fresh perspectives from critically engaged scholars, Protecting the Health of the Poor makes a compelling case for the need to re-evaluate how we approach healthcare in developing countries at a global, national and local level.Comparative Research Programme on Poverty (CROP) at the University of BergenpublishedVersio

The Age-Metallicity Relation in the Thin Disk of the Galaxy

HST trigonometric distances, photometric metallicities, isochronic ages from the second revised version of the Geneva--Copenhagen survey, and uniform spectroscopic Fe and Mg abundances from our master catalog are used to construct and analyze the age--metallicity and age-relative Mg abundance relations for stars of the thin disk. The influences of selection effects are discussed in detail. It is demonstrated that the radial migration of stars does not lead to appreciable distortions in the age dependence of the metallicity. During the first several billion years of the formation of the thin disk, the interstellar material in this disk was, on average, fairly rich in heavy elements ( ~-0.2) and poorly mixed. However, the metallicity dispersion continuously decreased with age, from \sigma_{[Fe/H]}~0.22 to ~0.13. All this time, the mean relative abundance of Mg was somewhat higher than the solar value (~0.1). Roughly four to five billion years ago, the mean metallicity began to systematically increase, while retaining the same dispersion; the mean relative Mg abundance began to decrease immediately following this. The number of stars in this subsystem increased sharply at the same time. These properties suggest that the star-formation rate was low in the initial stage of formation of the thin disk, but abruptly increased about four to five billion years ago.Comment: 16 page, 7 figures, accepted 2011, Astron. Rep., v.55, No.8, p.667-68

Effects of maternal enflurane exposure on NR2B expression in the hippocampus of their offspring

This work aims to study the pathogenesis of learning and memory impairment in offspring rats resulting from maternal enflurane anesthesia by focusing on the expression of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) in the hippocampus of the offspring. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (C group), 4 h enflurane exposure (E1 group), and 8 h enflurane exposure (E2 group) groups. Eight to ten days after the initiation of pregnancy, rats from the E1 and E2 groups were allowed to inhale 1.7% enflurane in 2 L/min oxygen for 4 h and 8 h, respectively. Rats from the C group were allowed to inhale 2 L/min of oxygen only. The Morris water maze was used to assay the learning and memory function of the offspring on postnatal days 20 and 30. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays were then used to measure the mRNA levels and protein expression of NR2B, respectively. Relative to offspring rats from the C group, those from the E1 and E2 groups exhibited longer escape latencies, lesser number of crossings over the platform, and less time spent in the target quadrant in the spatial exploration test (P 0.05) in terms of mRNA levels and protein expression of NR2B. The cognitive function of the offspring is impaired when maternal rats are exposed to enflurane during early pregnancy. A possible mechanism of this effect is related to the down-regulation of NR2B expression

EFFECT OF ACID STRESS (pH 4 +- 0.2) ON HAEMATOLOGY, BLOOD CHEMISTRY AND HEPATO-SOMATIC INDICES OF A FRESHWATER CATFISH, HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILS (BLOCH)

The catfish, (H. fossilis) were exposed to sub-lethal levels of acid stress for 24 hr, 5 and 10 days followed be recovery of 24hr. The effect of stress on haematology, blood chemistry and hepato-somatic index have been studied

The Lindlar catalyst revitalized: a highly chemoselective method for the direct conversion of azides to N-(tert-butoxycarbonylamines

An exceptionally chemoselective method for the direct conversion of azides to N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-protected amines under catalytic transfer-hydrogenation conditions, using the Lindlar catalyst, is reported. The extremely labile functional groups such as N-Cbz, benzyl ester are shown to be inert under the reaction conditions. The present method allows us to synthesize orthogonally protected (N-Cbz & N-Boc) 1,2-diamino systems, which will be immensely useful in organic synthesis