People with intellectual disability and ICTs

Las nuevas tecnologías han introducido profundos cambios en nuestro entorno y en los modos de relacionarnos con los demás. La televisión, el teléfono móvil e Internet han abierto nuevas posibilidades de comunicación, ocio y formación para muchas personas. Pero el acceso a las nuevas tecnologías para algunos individuos o grupos sociales puede hallarse condicionado por diferentes barreras. Uno de los grupos que habitualmente resultan «invisibles» en las investigaciones sobre comunicación y nuevas tecnologías es el de las personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI). En la presente investigación han participado 156 personas adultas con DI (trabajadores y usuarios de la Fundación Carmen Pardo-Valcarce en Madrid, España). Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio exploratorio con el fin de caracterizar en términos generales los patrones de uso de las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación (Internet y teléfonos móviles) de los participantes, así como sus patrones de consumo de televisión. Como conclusión puede señalarse que las pautas de comportamiento de las personas con DI en relación a las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación, en términos generales, se aproximan a las de la población general. Solo en aspectos puntuales podemos encontrar diferencias llamativas. En algunos casos, tales diferencias pueden atribuirse directamente a la DI. Pero también es necesario tener en cuenta un posible efecto estigma actuando en las personas que rodean al individuo con DI, que puede motivar comportamientos discriminatorios._________________________________New technologies have dramatically changed our daily lives and the way we are connected to other people. Te le - vision, cellular telephony and the Internet have opened up new opportunities in communication, leisure and training, and yet barriers prevent certain social groups from accessing these new technologies. People with intellectual disability (ID), for instance, are often «invisible» to communication and new technology researchers. An exploratory study was made of 156 adults with ID (workers and users of the Carmen Pardo-Valcarce Foundation sheltered employment programs and workshops in Madrid, Spain) to show their patterns of new technology (cell phones, Internet and television) use. The study confirms that these patterns are similar to those expected of the general public but spe cific differences were found. Some could be attributed to the direct effects of intellectual disability, but others could result from the hypothetical stigma effect on the attitude of those close to the person with intellectual disability, which might lead to discriminatory behaviors

Ideas para enseñar: vidas de matemáticos que abrazaron la fe religiosa

En este artículo se muestran las biografías de una serie de matemáticos, algunos de ellos muy conocidos por la obra científica que nos han legado, cuyas fuertes vocaciones religiosas los llevaron a ser además sacerdotes, poseyendo por tanto esta doble condición, bastante habitual por otra parte, a pesar de lo que erróneamente pudiera creerse. El objetivo es utilizar este aspecto de la Historia de las Matemáticas para facilitarle nuevos y novedosos recursos al profesor de Matemáticas de Secundaria y Bachillerato en sus clases de la asignatura, así como proporcionarle información para la educación en competencias que debe desarrollar en las mismas.In this article a series of biographies of mathematicians, some of them well known to the scientific work that have left us, whose strong religious vocations also taken to be priests, possessing so this double condition is quite common on the other hand despite what you might think wrongly. The goal is to use this aspect of the history of mathematics to provide new and innovative resources Mathematics teacher in Middle and High School classes of the subject and provide information for education competencies to be developed in them.Neste artigo de uma série de biografias de matemáticos, alguns deles bem conhecidos do trabalho científico que nos deixaram, cuja forte vocações religiosas também levado para ser sacerdotes, possuindo assim que esta dupla condição é bastante comum, por outro lado apesar do que você pode pensar de forma errada. O objetivo é usar esse aspecto da história da matemática para fornecer professor novo e inovador recursos Matemática nas aulas de ensino fundamental e médio do assunto e fornecer informações para as competências de ensino a serem desenvolvidos nos mesmos

Bioactive glass coatings by suspension plasma spraying from glycoletherbased solvent feedstock

Bioactive glasses are emerging as a substitute of hydroxyapatite in the development of bioactive coatings for biomedical applications. The deposition of these coatings is carried out by a wide range of methods, being atmospheric plasma spraying the most employed technique. However, the research on the deposition of these coatings from suspension feedstocks by thermal spraying is still incipient, therefore more research about this topic is needed. Thus, a bioactive glass suspension, composed of fine glass particles, was prepared and stabilised through rheological and sedimentation tests to be used as a feedstock in plasma spraying. The solvent used in the suspension preparation was dipropylene glycol methyl ether in order to develop a new type of bioactive suspension. Consequently, as a new type of solvent was used, its effect on the plasma torch properties was determined. On other hand, the rheological behaviour of the suspension feedstock was assessed by means of a simple viscosity model. This suspension was deposited onto metallic substrates by plasma spraying, employing several spraying distances. All coatings displayed a suitable adherence and similar thickness. However, the microstructure of the obtained coatings is highly affected by the spraying distance as it can be seen in coatings surface and cross-section field emission gun environmental scanning electron microscopy examination. Thus, a relation between the spraying distance and coatings microstructure was found. On the other hand, X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous nature of the obtained coatings

Effect of particle size on processing of bioactive glass powder for atmospheric plasma spraying

The work addresses the effect of the particle size of a bioactive glass feedstock on the processing and microstructure of the resulting coatings obtained by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). It was observed that the reduction of particle size negatively affects the flowability of the powder. In addition the thermal behaviour (weight losses, glass transitions, crystallisations, etc.) also depended on the particle size of the glass powder. No coating was obtained with the coarser fractions (higher than 200 μm) due to their low melting degree in the plasma. For the intermediate fractions (200–63 μm) coatings were obtained but insufficient particle melting was produced. On the contrary, the finest fraction (<63 μm) needed a fluidiser which enabled the samples to be sprayed.Authors wish to acknowledge the University Jaume I of Castellon for the support in the RECUBIO project (P1–1B2013–69) and Fritta S.L. for the support in feedstock synthesis

Bioactive glass suspensions preparation for suspension plasma spraying

A bioactive glass was dry-milled and sieved in order to obtain powders with particle size finer than 63 μm. Two suspensions, with different particle size distribution (D50 = 8.3 μm and D50 = 2.2 μm), were subsequently obtained from milling those powders in an organic solvent (dipropylene glycol methyl ether) by using two different grinding steps. The obtained suspensions were characterised and stabilised to produce adequate feedstocks to be used in suspension plasma spraying technique. For that purpose, sedimentation tests as well as rheological characterisation were carried out on both suspensions. Only the suspension feedstock containing the finest particle size, managed to produce a coating with suitable thickness and adherence on the substrate when a TiO2 bond coat was used. Besides X-ray diffraction findings confirmed the amorphous nature of the obtained coatings. However coating microstructure displayed many round, closed pores and surface observation revealed the presence of abundant non-deformed splats.The authors of this study thank Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain, for the support provided in funding the project RECUBIO (P1-1B2013-69)

Evolución terapéutica en paciente sometido a cirugía cardiotorácica.

Introducción: Paciente que presenta una patología pulmonar, neoplasia del lóbulo inferior derecho, sometido a cirugía de lobectomía inferior derecha más linfadenectomía. Método: El trabajo se fundamenta en la aplicación del modelo de Virginia Henderson, basado en la clasificación de las 14 necesidades según el grado de dependencia e independencia, con el fin de llevar a cabo la valoración del paciente. Mediante los datos recogidos en esta valoración se identifican los problemas reales y potenciales del paciente, que ayudan en la elaboración de los diagnósticos de enfermería (nanda). Una vez establecido el diagnóstico, se plantean unos noc y nic. Resultados: Mediante monitorización respiratoria de la saturación de 02 y la frecuencia respiratoria, una media de 3 o 4 veces por día, y basándonos en la observación del adecuado uso de la musculatura accesoria el paciente, el día del alta clínica había superado el patrón respiratorio ineficaz. La inserción de drenajes torácicos, de catéter venoso periférico y la herida quirúrgica resultado de la intervención, motivaban un riesgo de infección, al alta el riesgo de infección queda suprimido. Se evidencia un riesgo moderado de caídas, una dificultad en la realización independiente de los autocuidados relacionados con la higiene, con vestir/desvestirse y con trasferencia para el uso del inodoro, ya que necesitaba ayuda parcial y supervisión. El riesgo de caídas se controló y volvió a ser autónomo en autocuidados. Conclusiones: Identificar precozmente las necesidades del paciente permitió controlarlas y evitar riesgos.Introduction: Patient with a pulmonary pathology, neoplasm of the right lower lobe, had surgery right lower lobectomy plus lymphadenectomy. Method: The work is based on applying the model of Virginia Henderson, based on the classification of the 14 requirements to the degree of dependence and independence, in order to carry out the evaluation of the patient. Using data collected in this assessment the patient’s actual and potential problems, which help in the development of nursing diagnoses (nanda) are identified. Once the diagnosis is established, a noc and nic arise. Results: By respiratory monitoring 02 saturation and respiratory rate, an average of 3 or 4 times per day, and based on observation of the proper use of the accessory muscles the patient, the discharge day clinic had exceeded the ineffective breathing pattern. The insertion of chest tubes, peripheral venous catheter and the surgical result of the intervention, motivated a risk of infection, high risk of infection is suppressed. A moderate risk of falling, a difficulty in conducting independent self-care related to hygiene, to dress / undress and transfer to use the toilet is evidence, as needed partial care and supervision. The risk of falling is controlled and returned to be independent in self-care. Conclusions: Early identification of patients’ needs allowed to control and avoid risks

Basic design of a polybenzimidazole (PBI) production plant

Treballs Finals de Grau d'Enginyeria Química, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2023-2024, Tutora: Esther Chamarro AguileraPolybenzimidazoles (PBIs) are a large family of engineering plastics comprised in a bigger category of polymers with benzimidazole groups as part of the structural repeat unit. PBIs can be partly or fully aromatic, and are typically characterized by outstanding thermo-mechanical properties. This makes them particularly suitable for various demanding high-temperature applications in the form of fibers, coatings, or membranes.[3] The objective of this study is to perform the basic design of a polybenzimidazole (PBI) production plant, operating in discontinuous. A market study is performed to determine global production of the polymer, and the designed plant is set to represent a 1 % of that production. Therefore, an annual production of 1000 tonnes/year has been selected. The produced PBI has an average chain molecular weight of 30 000 Mw, a purity of 99 % and a particle size between 100 and 200 μm, and will be packed in big bags of 500 kg. A recipe has been designed, based on existing processes found by a patent research. This recipe is detailed in writing and illustrated in the form of a block diagram. Batch size is 5000 kg, for which a mass balance is carried out, to show the necessary raw materials consist of 3800 kg of 3,3’,4,4’-tetraminobiphenyl (TAB) and 5650 kg of diphenyl isophthalate (DPIP). The appropriate equipment has been carefully selected for each unit of the process. This consists of two reaction vessels where polymerization occurs (V-01, V-02), with a humid mill between them (M-01), followed by a bag filter (F-01), a vessel where evaporation of solvent and precipitation of product occur (V-03), and a dryer to remove all remaining humidity (DR-01). In addition, there is a ball mill (M-02) that corrects particle size, and, finally, a sieving and packaging unit (SP-01). With the forementioned information, a P&ID is created, to display the process in depth.A time study is conducted for every existing operation, determining thus the occupation time of each piece of equipment. The resulting batch time (BT) is 63 h, while cycle time (CT), conditioned by the bottleneck (vessel V-02), is 25 h. Considering work conditions of the plant; 3 shifts, 24 h/day, 7 day a week, amounting to 6900 h a year, it has been proved that the proposed yearly production of 1000 tonnes is achievable with a total of 200 batches, configurated in 20 campaigns of 10 batches. The following KPIs have been calculated; a maximum number of batches of 274, the maximum production capacity of 1370 tonnes/year, and a minimum production time of 5038 h/year. The production planning of the plant allows for an additional 7 weeks where the line is available for a different process. Necessary plant services include nitrogen for inertization, deionized water for cleaning, and thermal oil, heated in a boiler and cooled in a heat exchanger

Amorphous and nanocrystalline titanium based alloys. Production, characterization and biocide properties

This study investigates a group of titanium-based amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys, Ti40Zr25Cu20Pd5Ag10, Ti40Zr25Cu20Pd5Fe10 and Ti40Zr25Cu20Pd5Ag5Fe5, focusing on their production methods, detailed characterization, and biocidal properties. The aim of the work is the synthesis of a biomaterial which ideally would consist in a metallic glass with an amorphous structure, resistant to tension forces and bioinert. This research explores synthesis techniques consisting of rapid solidification by quenching the melt alloy into ribbons, trying to achieve an amorphous structure. Characterization involved examination of the microstructural features using techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX). The response of the material to certain conditions was evaluated monitoring the behavior of the potential biomaterial under certain conditions such as mechanical stress, using a Dynamo-Mechanical Analysis (DMA) apparatus and a Tension Rheometer, and the ion release when submitted to physiological conditions using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). In addition, the study assesses the biocompatibility of these alloys and their effectivity as a biomaterial by testing their impact on bacteria proliferation. The findings of this research on titanium-based alloys with different Ag and Fe compositions are expected to contribute to a better understanding of titanium-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys and their material properties, establishing differences between compositions. Although still preliminary, the results will be of high value to the materials and biomedicine industry, and it will also give insightful perspectives for future research.Aquest estudi investiga un grup d'aliatges amorfes i nanocristal·lins basades en titani, Ti40Zr25Cu20Pd5Ag10, Ti40Zr25Cu20Pd5Fe10 i Ti40Zr25Cu20Pd5Ag5Fe5, centrant-se en els seus mètodes de producció, caracterització detallada i propietats biocides. L'objectiu del treball és la síntesi d'un biomaterial que idealment consistiria en un vidre metàl·lic amb una estructura amorfa, resistent a les forces de tensió i bioinert. Aquest estudi explora tècniques de síntesi que consisteixen en la solidificació ràpida mitjançant l'escalfament ràpid de l'aliatge en fusió fins a obtenir cintes, amb l'objectiu d'aconseguir una estructura amorfa. La caracterització va implicar l'examen de les característiques microestructurals utilitzant tècniques com la Difracció de Raigs X (XRD), Calorimetria Diferencial (DSC) i la Microscòpia Electrònica (SEM-EDX). La resposta del material a certes condicions es va avaluar monitoritzant el comportament del possible biomaterial sota condicions específiques, com l'estrès mecànic, utilitzant un aparell d'Anàlisi Dinamo-Mecànic (DMA) i un Reòmetre de Tensió, i alliberament d'ions quan s'exposa a condicions fisiològiques utilitzant Espectroscòpia de Masses de Plasma Inductivament Acoblat (ICP-MS). A més, l'estudi avalua la biocompatibilitat d'aquests aliatges i la seva eficàcia com a biomaterial mitjançant proves de l'impacte en la proliferació de bacteris. Es preveu que els resultats d'aquesta recerca sobre aliatges basats en titani amb diferents composicions d'Ag i Fe contribueixin a una millor comprensió dels aliatges amorfes/nanocristal·lines basats en titani i les seves propietats materials, establint diferències entre les composicions. Tot i que encara són preliminars, els resultats tindran un alt valor per a la indústria de materials i biomedicina, i també proporcionaran perspectives interessants per a futures investigacions.Este estudio investiga un grupo de aleaciones con base de titanio y estructura amorfa y nanocristalina; Ti40Zr25Cu20Pd5Ag10, Ti40Zr25Cu20Pd5Fe10 y Ti40Zr25Cu20Pd5Ag5Fe5, centrándose en sus métodos de producción, caracterización detallada y propiedades biocidas. El objetivo del trabajo es la síntesis de un biomaterial que idealmente consistiría en un vidrio metálico con una estructura amorfa, resistente a las fuerzas de tensión y bioinerte. Este estudio explora técnicas de síntesis que consisten en la solidificación rápida mediante enfriamiento rápido de la aleación fundida, con el objetivo de lograr una estructura amorfa. La caracterización involucró la evaluación de características microestructurales utilizando técnicas como la Difracción de Rayos X (XRD), el Calorímetro de Barrido Diferencial (DSC) y la Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM-EDX). La respuesta del material a ciertas condiciones se evaluó monitoreando el comportamiento del posible biomaterial bajo condiciones específicas, como el estrés mecánico, utilizando un aparato de Análisis Dinamo-Mecánico (DMA) y un Reómetro de Tensión, y la liberación de iones cuando se somete a condiciones fisiológicas utilizando Espectroscopía de Masas de Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-MS). Además, el estudio evalúa la biocompatibilidad de estas aleaciones y su efectividad como biomaterial mediante pruebas de su impacto en la proliferación bacteriana. os hallazgos de esta investigación sobre aleaciones a base de titanio con diferentes composiciones de Ag y Fe se espera que contribuyan a una mejor comprensión de las aleaciones amorfas/nanocristalinas a base de titanio y sus propiedades materiales, estableciendo diferencias entre las composiciones. Aunque aún preliminares, los resultados serán de gran valor para la industria de materiales y biomedicina, y también proporcionarán perspectivas interesantes para futuras investigaciones.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i InfraestructuraObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::17 - Aliança per a Aconseguir els Objetiu