Percepción De Estrés Y Prácticas Parentales En Estudiantes De Psicología De Nuevo Ingreso

The entrance to the university life causes changes and demands that generate high stress and difficulties for the adaptation. There is evidence that parental overinvolvement, specifically psychological control (induction of guilt or disqualification), causes problems in the psychosocial adjustment of children and adolescents. Few studies address the impact of parental practices on the adaptive processes of young adults. The aim of the present study was to describe, compare by sexes, and associate the perception of stress and prevailing parental practices among college admission students of psychology career. A non-experimental transectional, comparativecorrelational study was performed 127 students (70.08% female, 29.92% male) with an average age of 19 from a public university in Hidalgo, Mexico participated. The Scale of Parental Practices for Adolescents (Andrade & Betancourt, 2008) and the Stress Perception Scale (González & Landero, 2007) were applied. No differences were found between men and women in the perception of stress, but in parental practices of maternal communication, maternal knowledge about son activities and induction of guilt, devaluation and excessive maternal criticism were found differences. Likewise, correlations between stress and the dimensions of maternal-filial respect, maternal imposition, induction of guilt, devaluation and excessive criticism, paternal-filial respect and paternal imposition on women were found; and between paternal and filial stress and respect in males. It is suggested that the role of parents in child rearing has a greater impact on the adaptive behavior of women in university life

Food practices of indigenous women according to the nutritional status and sex of their children / Prácticas alimentarias de mujeres indígenas en función del estado nutricio y sexo de sus hijos/as

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to describe the eating practices (EP) of indigenous women in Hidalgo (Mexico), based on their children's sex and nutritional status (NS). A total of 19 mother-child dyads participated (Mage mother = 33.5 years, SD = 7.1, Mage children = 6.0 years, SD = 0.4). The mothers were interviewed and, to estimate the NS of their children, they were weighed and measured. The information was analyzed by categories based on the factors of the Questionnaire of Attitudes, Beliefs and Practices of the Parents towards the Feeding of their Children. Although mothers with healthy children (height normal and normal weight) and those of children with poor nutrition showed common EP, they also presented some differences. These were mainly related to the perception of the weight of their children, which was not consistent with the real NS, characterized by underestimation. In both sexes (son/daughter) there was a high presence of almost all categories of analysis, but mostly among mothers with girls. This study represents a first approach to the knowledge of the maternal EP of indigenous women according to the NS and sex of their children, whose results support the need to continue deepening the study of this type of population.ResumenEl objetivo de esta investigación fue describir las prácticas alimentarias (PA) de mujeres indígenas de Hidalgo (México), a partir del sexo y el estado nutricio (EN) de sus hijos/as. Participaron 19 diadas madre-hijo/a (Medad madre = 33.5 años, DE= 7.1; Medad hijo = 6.0 años; DE = 0.4). Las madres fueron entrevistadas y, para estimar el EN de sus hijos/as, estos fueron pesados y medidos. La información fue analizada mediante categorías basadas en los factores del Cuestionario de Actitudes, Creencias y Prácticas de los Padres hacia la Alimentación de sus Hijos. Aunque las madres con hijos/as saludables (estatura normal y normopeso) y aquellas otras de hijos con mala nutrición mostraron PA comunes, también presentaron algunas diferencias. Éstas principalmente relacionadas con la percepción del peso de su hijo/a, la que no fue congruente con el EN real, caracterizándose por la subestimación. En ambos sexos (hijo/hija) se notó una presencia alta de casi todas las categorías de análisis, pero mayormente entre aquellas madres con niñas. Este estudio representa un primer acercamiento al conocimiento de las PA maternas de mujeres indígenas en función del EN y sexo de sus hijos, cuyos resultados fundamentan la necesidad de seguir profundizando en el estudio de este tipo de población

Estrés, Depresión Y Consumo De Alcohol En Estudiantes De Bachillerato De México: Diferencias Por Sexo Y Escuela

Stress in teenagers studying high school is a health problem of great importance as not only affects behavior but also affects physical and mental health of this population, increasing the likelihood of depression occur and use alcohol as a means of coping with it. Objective: To determine the interaction by sex and type of school, as well as the relationship between levels of stress, depression and alcohol of high school students in two states in Mexico. Material and Methods: 129 students from two high schools in the states of Hidalgo and Mexico respectively selected through a non-probability sampling. The age range was from 16 to 21, M = 17 years, SD = .893. 51.2% were men and 48.8% women. Perceived Stress Scale (EEP) was used, the Beck Depression Inventory and Identification Questionnaire disorders due to alcohol consumption (AUDIT). They were conducted descriptive analyzes, Pearson correlation analysis and factorial ANOVA 2x2. Results: Significant negative relationships between stress and depression (r = .552, p <0.05) were found, also significant differences by gender in alcohol F (3,70) = 3.283, p ≤ .05 and significant differences by school in depression variable F (3,125) = 3.690, ≤ .05. Conclusion: These results provide insight into the association between different risk facotres student population so that from it culturally relevant psychological interventions that affect the prevention of health problems in this population are designed

Intervención Cognitivo-Conductual en Jugadores Mexicanos de Fútbol Profesional. Cognitive- Behavioral Intervention in Mexican Professional Soccer Players

This pre-experimental study aimed to analyze the effects of a training program to improve athletic performance in soccer using cognitivebehavioral techniques during 12 sessions. The study involved 18 men professional players, with an average age of 19.50 years (DE=1.42). Athletic performance and the intervention included variables such as motivation, stress management, performance appraisal influence, mental ability and group cohesion that were evaluated through two applications (pre and post) of the “Psychological Characteristics of Sport Performance Questionnaire” (CPRD). A first analysis of the data showed no significant group differences between times of measurement; however, the Wilcoxon test yielded data that showed intra-individual changes in the variables mental ability and group cohesion. It’s important to point out that, the team won the championship after their participation in the intervention. The study reveals the importance of the psychologist work in the sports field

Relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal Materno y de sus Hijos en cuatro Sistemas Educativos de Hidalgo, México

Introduction: While the prevalence of overweight and obesity is pervasive in adults and children in Mexico, differences and relationships among children and their mothers from different ethnic groups, educational systems, and environmental settings in Mexico is understudied. Objective: The present study tested the relationship between Maternal Body Mass Index (MBMI) and Children’s Z-score Body Mass Index for Age (ZBFA) from indigenous, private, public and CONAFE (community schools in marginalized rural areas) schools representing four distinct educational systems in Hidalgo, Mexico.Material and methods: A survey-type study was carried out in a random sample of school children and their mothers. The weight and height of the children and their mothers was evaluated with standardize anthropometric techniques. Mothers’ and children’s scores were evaluated following the recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO).Results: Prevalence of overweight was very high in mothers (55.8%), without significant differences in MBMI across the four different educational systems. Children from private schools showed higher Body Mass Index, being the girls with the highest scores. Our initial model only included MBMI and Children’s ZBFA, this relationship provided us with a model that explained only 7% of the variance. However, when school type was added as covariate in models for boys and girls, the explained variance increased (17% and 33% respectively).Conclusions: It was found evidence of a low relationship between Maternal Body Mass Index and Child Body Mass Index. This relationship was stronger when the type of school was added as a covariate. The evidence revealed differences between the environment of rural and urban schools, between mestizo populations and indigenous groups.Introducción: Si bien la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad es una epidemia en adultos y niños en México, las diferencias y las relaciones entre los niños y sus madres de diferentes grupos étnicos y sistemas educativos en México han sido poco estudiadas. Objetivo: El presente estudio probó la relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal Materno (IMCM) y los puntajes Z del Índice de Masa Corporal de sus hijos (ZIMC) de estudiantes de escuelas indígenas, privadas, públicas y CONAFE (escuelas comunitarias rurales marginadas) en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio tipo encuesta en una muestra aleatoria de niños en edad escolar y sus madres. El peso y estatura de niños y sus madres se evaluaron con técnicas antropométricas estandarizadas de acuerdo con protocolos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue muy alta en las madres (55,8%), sin una diferencia significativa en el IMCM por tipo de escuela. Niños que asistían a escuelas privadas tenían un ZIMC más alto, y fue mayor en el caso de las niñas. El IMCM se relacionó con el ZIMC de los niños (7% varianza explicada), cuando agregamos el tipo de escuela como covariable en modelos por sexo, el porcentaje aumentó (17% para niños y 33% para niñas).Conclusiones: Se encontró evidencia de una baja relación entre el índice de masa corporal materno y el índice de masa corporal infantil. Esta relación fue más fuerte cuando se agregó el tipo de escuela como covariable, lo que reveló diferencias entre el ambiente de las escuelas rurales y urbanas, entre las poblaciones mestizas y los grupos indígenas

Estrés, Sobrecarga Y Ansiedad En Cuidadoras Primarias De Niños Que Padecen Leucemia En Hidalgo

Leukemia is the type of cancer that occurs more in children and teenagers. The chronic-degenerative nature of the disease makes that the minors need someone responsible for their care known as informal primary caregiver. Generally, the primary caregiver role, who attends all the patient needs, it’s acquired by the father or mother of the minor. The demands of that labor can bring negative physiological and psychosocial consequences. Objective: to determine the relationship and the difference by sex and disease phase of the minor in the levels of stress, burden and anxiety of primary caregivers of boys and girls with leukemia in Hidalgo. Method: through a non-probability sampling of volunteers subjects were selected N = 50 female primary caregivers. To measure the variables they were used the following instruments: Perceived Stress Scale, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: showed positive and statistically significant correlations between anxiety-burden and stress-anxiety. It also found that the caregivers of boys have higher levels of anxiety than caregivers of girls and caregivers of patients in active phase of the disease have higher burden compared with caregivers of patients in remission phase. Conclusion: there are some high levels of stress, burden and anxiety in caregivers. There exists correlation between anxiety-stress and burdenanxiety. The caregivers of boys have more anxiety. The caregivers of children in active phase of the disease present more burden

Aportaciones empíricas a un modelo teórico-práctico de prevención de anorexia y bulimia nerviosas basado en el nivel de riesgo/Empirical contributions a theoretical-practical model for prevention of anorexia y bulimia nervosas based on the risk level

ResumenEn la actualidad existe evidencia suficiente de los efectos de los programas de prevención de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, evidencia que se ha documentado mediante trabajos de meta-análisis o revisiones sistematizadas. Particularmente en México, se han evaluado diferentes estrategias de prevención que aportan conocimiento valioso al tema. Por lo anterior, objetivo fue proponer un modelo de prevención de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria basado en el nivel de riesgo, y sustentarlo mediante aportaciones empíricas. Dichas aportaciones permiten concluir que el modelo teórico-práctico representa una herramienta útil para implementar los programas de prevención, una vez identificado el nivel de riesgo e implementando la categoría adecuada (universal, selectiva e indicada) con el propósito de eliminar o disminuir los factores de riesgo o sintomatología asociada a imagen corporal y conductas alimentarias de riesgo. Así también, se puede disminuir el efecto iatrogénico asociado a estos programas. Finalmente se concluye que es la prevención selectiva la que presenta los mejores resultados.Palabras clave: factores de riesgo, prevención, trastornos alimentarios, modelo. Abstract Nowdays, there’s enough evidence of the effects of Eating Disorders Prevention Programs, evidence that has been documented through meta-analysis or systematic reviews. Particularly in Mexico, different prevention strategies that provide valuable knowledge to the subject has been evaluated. Therefore, the objective was it propose a model of eating disorders prevention based on the level of risk, sustain it through empirical contributions. These contributions, allows to conclude that the theorical-practical model represents a helpful tool to implement prevention programs, at once the leve lof risk is identified and implementing the appropiate category (selective,universal and indicated) with the purpose of eliminating or decrease the risk factors or symptomatology related with body image and risky eating behaviors. Also the iatrogenic effects associated with these programs can be reduced. Finally, it is concluded that is selective prevention that presents the best results.Keywords: risk factors, prevention, eating disorders, model

A preliminary study of the predictive factors of binge eating behavior in three cultures: Mexico, Spain and Argentina / Un estudio preliminar de los factores predictores de la conducta de atracón en tres culturas: México, Argentina y España

Abstract The increased frequency of binge eating behavior, and its relationship to overweight and obesity, expressed a national and international real health problem. The objective of this study was to explore, identify and describe the risk factors that interrelate and explain Binge Eating Behavior, paying special attention to the simi- larities and differences inherent to samples from three different Spanish-speaking countries (Mexico, Spain and Argentina). The total sample consisted of N = 258 women: Mexican (n = 85, Mage = 16.18, SD = 0.99); Argentine (n = 75, Mage = 17.00, SD = 1.24) and Spanish (n = 98, Mage = 17.00, SD = 1.36). The instruments used showed a good psychometrical properties. The eating for psychological compensation factor gets the highest β weight in the three groups and its intercultural relevance is confirmed by the Path Analysis. It is discussed the emotional nature of the eating for psychological compensation factor, its contribution to prevention, and its predictive power. Resumen La conducta de atracón, el incremento en su frecuencia que incide en el riesgo asociado a trastorno alimentario, así como su relación con sobrepeso y obesidad constituyen un problema de salud vigente a nivel nacional e internacional. El objetivo de la investigación fue explorar, identificar y describir los factores de riesgo que se interrelacionan y explican la Conducta de Atracón, poniendo especial interés en las similitudes y diferencias inherentes a muestras de tres diferentes países de habla hispana (México, España y Argentina). La muestra agrupó N = 258 mujeres: mexicanas (n = 85, Medad = 16.18, DE = 0.99); argentinas (n = 75, Medad = 17.00, DE = 1.24) y españolas (n = 98, Medad = 17.00, DE = 1.36). Se utilizaron instrumentos psicométricamente adecuados. Entre los resultados de mayor interés se encontró que el factor comer por compensación psicológica obtiene el peso β más alto en cada grupo y el análisis de senderos confirma su importancia intercultural. El carácter emocional de dicho factor, su aportación a la prevención y su poder predictivo forman parte de la discusión.

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza

Relación entre el índice de masa corporal materno y de sus hijos en cuatro sistemas educativos de Hidalgo, México

Introduction: While the prevalence of overweight and obesity is pervasive in adults and children in Mexico, differences and relationships among children and their mothers from different ethnic groups, educational systems, and environmental settings in Mexico is understudied. Objective: The present study tested the relationship between Maternal Body Mass Index (MBMI) and Children’s Z-score Body Mass Index for Age (ZBFA) from indigenous, private, public and CONAFE (community schools in marginalized rural areas) schools representing four distinct educational systems in Hidalgo, Mexico. Material and Methods: A survey-type study was carried out in a random sample of school children and their mothers. The weight and height of the children and their mothers was evaluated with standardize anthropometric techniques. Mothers’ and children’s scores were evaluated following the recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: Prevalence of overweight was very high in mothers (55.8%), without significant differences in MBMI across the four different educational systems. Children from private schools showed higher Body Mass Index, being the girls with the highest scores. Our initial model only included MBMI and Children’s ZBFA, this relationship provided us with a model that explained only 7% of the variance. However, when school type was added as covariate in models for boys and girls, the explained variance increased (17% and 33% respectively). Conclusions: It was found evidence of a low relationship between Maternal Body Mass Index and Child Body Mass Index. This relationship was stronger when the type of school was added as a covariate. The evidence revealed differences between the environment of rural and urban schools, between mestizo populations and indigenous groups.Introducción: Si bien la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad es una epidemia en adultos y niños en México, las diferencias y las relaciones entre los niños y sus madres de diferentes grupos étnicos y sistemas educativos en México han sido poco estudiadas. Objetivo: El presente estudio probó la relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal Materno (IMCM) y los puntajes Z del Índice de Masa Corporal de sus hijos (ZIMC) de estudiantes de escuelas indígenas, privadas, públicas y CONAFE (escuelas comunitarias rurales marginadas) en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio tipo encuesta en una muestra aleatoria de niños en edad escolar y sus madres. El peso y estatura de niños y sus madres se evaluaron con técnicas antropométricas estandarizadas de acuerdo con protocolos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue muy alta en las madres (55,8%), sin una diferencia significativa en el IMCM por tipo de escuela. Niños que asistían a escuelas privadas tenían un ZIMC más alto, y fue mayor en el caso de las niñas. El IMCM se relacionó con el ZIMC de los niños (7% varianza explicada), cuando agregamos el tipo de escuela como covariable en modelos por sexo, el porcentaje aumentó (17% para niños y 33% para niñas). Conclusiones: Se encontró evidencia de una baja relación entre el índice de masa corporal materno y el índice de masa corporal infantil. Esta relación fue más fuerte cuando se agregó el tipo de escuela como covariable, lo que reveló diferencias entre el ambiente de las escuelas rurales y urbanas, entre las poblaciones mestizas y los grupos indígenas