Moving Forward, Never Backwards: Preventing Fraud In the European Union and Defining European Central Bank Independence

Part I of this Note will describe the need for anti-fraud measures within the Community. Part I will also detail the various legislative actions taken by the Commission, the Parliament and Council, and by the ECB and by the EIB to combat fraud. Part II will present the Commission\u27s case against the ECB, the ECB\u27s defense, the views expressed by Advocate General Jacobs and the ultimate judgment of the ECJ. Part II will focus primarily on the Commission v. ECB, but will note similarities and variances from the Commission\u27s case against the EIB. Finally, Part III will discuss the leeway afforded to fraud prevention within the EC, the fundamental basis of ECB independence, and the impetus of the ECJ\u27s decision regarding the nature of ECB independence and to some degree EIB independence

Flexible Learning Spaces Evaluation Report

City University, London is tackling the challenge of ensuring the learning spaces provided are able to meet the anticipated increase in technology usage and prevalent pedagogies. There is no longer a standard classroom design that will achieve this goal and therefore it is imperative to pilot and explore a variety of flexible learning spaces. This report feeds back on an evaluation of two flexible learning space approaches piloted in the autumn term of 2012 as alternatives to traditional computer rooms laid out in rows with the lecturer positioned at the front. These approaches are: pop-up computers on circular tables in AG24A; and laptop lockers enabling staff to borrow laptops to use with students on node chairs in AG24B. Each of these approaches also supported the use of students’ own devices in learning spaces. These methods were evaluated using surveys, interviews and an open house forum. The report shares the findings and recommendations from this evaluation and future plans for learning spaces

Apparatus for making curved reflectors Patent

Forming mold for polishing and machining curved solar magnesium reflector with reinforcing rib

Process sequence produces strong, lightweight reflectors of excellent quality

Large compound curved surfaces for collecting and concentrating radiation are fabricated by the use of several common machining and forming processes. Lightweight sectors are assembled into large reflectors. With this concept of fabrication, integrally stiffened reflective sectors up to 25 square feet in area have been produced

Method and apparatus for making curved reflectors Patent

Fabrication of curved reflector segments for solar mirro

The Censorship Constraint and Rulemaker State Action: Are Section 230\u27s Immunity Provisions Unconstitutional Content-Based Regulations?

Even casual watchers of T.V. crime dramas understand the Fourth Amendment’s exclusionary rule. Under this rule, evidence obtained by the police in a search of a criminal suspect’s premises that exceeds the scope of a judicial warrant is almost always inadmissible in the suspect’s criminal trial. The rule is designed to deter unreasonable governmental intrusion into private affairs and applies without regard for the suspect’s guilt or innocence. This Article proposes that the First Amendment includes an analogous rule against governmental censorship. Under this rule, content-based speech regulations exceed the legislature’s speech rulemaking warrant and are almost always invalid. This rule is designed to deter governmental distortion of public discourse and applies without regard for whether the speech of the party challenging the regulation has been abridged in a specific instance. This Article further proposes that since the constitutional focus in a facial challenge to a content-based regulation is impermissible governmental rulemaking, rather than the speech acts of the party challenging the regulation, the Constitution’s state action requirement is met inherently in such a challenge by the rulemaking acts of the legislature and any party whose speech may reasonably be abridged by such a regulation has Article III standing to challenge it. Finally, this Article proposes that the speech blocking immunity provisions of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act are content-based regulations. As such, Congress is the relevant state actor in any facial challenge to these provisions, any party whose speech may reasonably be abridged by these provisions has Article III standing to challenge them, and these provisions are invalid for exceeding Congress’s speech rulemaking warrant despite their noncompulsory administration by private operators of social media platforms

UK Sugar Beet Farm Productivity Under Different Reform Scenarios: A Farm Level Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect that the imminent reform in the European Union (EU) sugar regime may have on farm productivity in the United Kingdom (UK). We perform the analysis on a sample of sugar beet farms representative of all the UK sugar beet regions. To estimate the changes in productivity, we estimate a multi-output cost function representing the cropping part of the farm, which is the component that would be mostly affected by the sugar beet reform. We use this cost function to compute the new allocation of outputs and inputs after the changes in the sugar beet quota and price support. This are subsequently used to compute measures of total factor productivity. Our results show slight decreases in the productivity at the individual farm level under both quota and price support reduction. However, when considering the aggregate level, the reduction in the price support shows significant increases in productivity, in contrast to the results obtained from a reduction in quota.EU sugar reform, UK agriculture, UK sugar beet production, multi-output cost function, total factor productivity, Agricultural and Food Policy, Productivity Analysis, Q00, D24,

A reader of Baltimore to Mr. Meredith (5 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1980/thumbnail.jp