14,641 research outputs found
Virtual reality in theatre education and design practice - new developments and applications
The global use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has already established new approaches to theatre education and research, shifting traditional methods of knowledge delivery towards a more visually enhanced experience, which is especially important for teaching scenography. In this paper, I examine the role of multimedia within the field of theatre studies, with particular focus on the theory and practice of theatre design and education. I discuss various IT applications that have transformed the way we experience, learn and co-create our cultural heritage. I explore a suite of rapidly developing communication and computer-visualization techniques that enable reciprocal exchange between students, theatre performances and artefacts. Eventually, I analyse novel technology-mediated teaching techniques that attempt to provide a new media platform for visually enhanced information transfer. My findings indicate that the recent developments in the personalization of knowledge delivery, and also in student-centred study and e-learning, necessitate the transformation of the learners from passive consumers of digital products to active and creative participants in the learning experience
The stellar mass-halo mass relation of isolated field dwarfs: a critical test of CDM at the edge of galaxy formation
We fit the rotation curves of isolated dwarf galaxies to directly measure the
stellar mass-halo mass relation () over the mass range . By accounting for cusp-core
transformations due to stellar feedback, we find a monotonic relation with
little scatter. Such monotonicity implies that abundance matching should yield
a similar if the cosmological model is correct. Using the 'field
galaxy' stellar mass function from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the
halo mass function from the Cold Dark Matter Bolshoi simulation, we
find remarkable agreement between the two. This holds down to M, and to M if we
assume a power law extrapolation of the SDSS stellar mass function below M.
However, if instead of SDSS we use the stellar mass function of nearby galaxy
groups, then the agreement is poor. This occurs because the group stellar mass
function is shallower than that of the field below M,
recovering the familiar 'missing satellites' and 'too big to fail' problems.
Our result demonstrates that both problems are confined to group environments
and must, therefore, owe to 'galaxy formation physics' rather than exotic
cosmology.
Finally, we repeat our analysis for a Warm Dark Matter cosmology,
finding that it fails at 68% confidence for a thermal relic mass of keV, and keV if we use the power law extrapolation
of SDSS. We conclude by making a number of predictions for future surveys based
on these results.Comment: 22 pages; 2 Tables; 10 Figures. This is the version accepted for
publication in MNRAS. Key changes: (i) added substantially more information
on the surveys used to measure the stellar mass functions; (ii) added tests
of the robustness of our results. Results and conclusions unchanged from
previously. Minor typos corrected from previous versio
Photoionization of Galactic Halo Gas by Old Supernova Remnants
We present new calculations on the contribution from cooling hot gas to the
photoionization of warm ionized gas in the Galaxy. We show that hot gas in
cooling supernova remnants (SNRs) is an important source of photoionization,
particularly for gas in the halo. We find that in many regions at high latitude
this source is adequate to account for the observed ionization so there is no
need to find ways to transport stellar photons from the disk. The flux from
cooling SNRs sets a floor on the ionization along any line of sight. Our model
flux is also shown to be consistent with the diffuse soft X-ray background and
with soft X-ray observations of external galaxies.
We consider the ionization of the clouds observed towards the halo star HD
93521, for which there are no O stars close to the line of sight. We show that
the observed ionization can be explained successfully by our model EUV/soft
X-ray flux from cooling hot gas. In particular, we can match the H alpha
intensity, the S++/S+ ratio, and the C+* column. From observations of the
ratios of columns of C+* and either S+ or H0, we are able to estimate the
thermal pressure in the clouds. The slow clouds require high (~10^4 cm^-3 K)
thermal pressures to match the N(C+*)/N(S+) ratio. Additional heating sources
are required for the slow clouds to maintain their ~7000 K temperatures at
these pressures, as found by Reynolds, Hausen & Tufte (1999).Comment: AASTeX 5.01; 34 pages, 2 figures; submitted to Astrophysical Journa
Malaria-filaria coinfection in mice makes malarial disease more severe unless filarial infection achieves patency
Coinfections are common in natural populations, and the literature suggests that helminth coinfection readily affects how the immune system manages malaria. For example, type 1–dependent control of malaria parasitemia might be impaired by the type 2 milieu of preexisting helminth infection. Alternatively, immunomodulatory effects of helminths might affect the likelihood of malarial immunopathology. Using rodent models of lymphatic filariasis (Litomosoides sigmodontis) and noncerebral malaria (clone AS Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi), we quantified disease severity, parasitemia, and polyclonal splenic immune responses in BALB/c mice. We found that coinfected mice, particularly those that did not have microfilaremia (Mf), had more severe anemia and loss of body mass than did mice with malaria alone. Even when controlling for parasitemia, malaria was most severe in Mf coinfected mice, and this was associated with increased interferon-g responsiveness. Thus, in Mf mice, filariasis upset a delicate immunological balance in malaria infection and exacerbated malaria-induced immunopathology. Helminth infections are prevalent throughout tropical regions where malaria is transmitted [1–5]. Interactions among infections commonly alter disease severity [6, 7], and malaria-helminth coinfection can either exac
Magnetic phenomena at and near nu =1/2 and 1/4: theory, experiment and interpretation
I show that the hamiltonian theory of Composite Fermions (CF) is capable of
yielding a unified description in fair agreement with recent experiments on
polarization P and relaxation rate 1/T_1 in quantum Hall states at filling nu =
p/(2ps+1), at and near nu = 1/2 and 1/4, at zero and nonzero temperatures. I
show how rotational invariance and two dimensionality can make the underlying
interacting theory behave like a free one in a limited context.Comment: Latex 4 pages, 2 figure
Intrinsic and extrinsic geometries of a tidally deformed black hole
A description of the event horizon of a perturbed Schwarzschild black hole is
provided in terms of the intrinsic and extrinsic geometries of the null
hypersurface. This description relies on a Gauss-Codazzi theory of null
hypersurfaces embedded in spacetime, which extends the standard theory of
spacelike and timelike hypersurfaces involving the first and second fundamental
forms. We show that the intrinsic geometry of the event horizon is invariant
under a reparameterization of the null generators, and that the extrinsic
geometry depends on the parameterization. Stated differently, we show that
while the extrinsic geometry depends on the choice of gauge, the intrinsic
geometry is gauge invariant. We apply the formalism to solutions to the vacuum
field equations that describe a tidally deformed black hole. In a first
instance we consider a slowly-varying, quadrupolar tidal field imposed on the
black hole, and in a second instance we examine the tide raised during a close
parabolic encounter between the black hole and a small orbiting body.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figure
Density of quasiparticle states for a two-dimensional disordered system: Metallic, insulating, and critical behavior in the class D thermal quantum Hall effect
We investigate numerically the quasiparticle density of states
for a two-dimensional, disordered superconductor in which both time-reversal
and spin-rotation symmetry are broken. As a generic single-particle description
of this class of systems (symmetry class D), we use the Cho-Fisher version of
the network model. This has three phases: a thermal insulator, a thermal metal,
and a quantized thermal Hall conductor. In the thermal metal we find a
logarithmic divergence in as , as predicted from sigma
model calculations. Finite size effects lead to superimposed oscillations, as
expected from random matrix theory. In the thermal insulator and quantized
thermal Hall conductor, we find that is finite at E=0. At the
plateau transition between these phases, decreases towards zero as
is reduced, in line with the result
derived from calculations for Dirac fermions with random mass.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, published versio
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Normal Rack Grid Generation Method for Screw Machines with Large Helix Angles
Improving the efficiency of the screw machine is highly significant for industry. Numerical simulation is an important tool in developing these machines. The 3D computational fluid dynamic simulation can give a valuable insight into the flow parameters of screw machines. However, it is currently difficult to generate high quality computational grids required for screw rotors with large helix angle. This is mainly due to the excessively high cell skewness of the rotors with large helix angel, which would introduce errors in numerical simulation. This paper presents a novel grid generation algorithm used for the screw rotors with large helix angel. This method is based on the principles developed for the grid generation in transverse cross-section. Such mesh is generated by SCORGTM using normal rack grid generation method which means numerical meshes are generated in a plane normal to the pitch helix line. The mesh lines are then parallel to the helix line and thus an orthogonal mesh will be produced. The main flow and leakage flow directions are orthogonal to the mesh, potentially reducing numerical diffusion. This developed algorithm could also be employed for single screw machines
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