Karakteristik Lahan Sawah Yang Dialih Fungsi Menjadi Lahan Perkebunan Di Desa Tangga Batu Kecamatan HatonduhanKabupaten Simalungun

At Latest ten years, the paddy land at Tangga Batu area is use changed into plantation. This research was conducted to study characteristics of soil at some land uses ( paddy, rubber- cacao, and palm of 1,5 and 10 years old ).Soil sampling is conducted by using survey method. Soil samples are taken as soil sample disturbed and non distrubed at three (3) points in eachs land use randomly. The result showed that there is decreasing of total nitrogen at plantation and increasing of P- available at mixed farm (rubber – cacao). There are no changes of soil characteristics such us like potassiumexchange, pH, soil permeability, soil texture, and soil respirationat some land uses ( paddy, rubber- cacao, and palm of 1,5 and 10 years old )

Haze Reduction from Remotely Sensed Data

Haze consists of atmospheric aerosols and molecules that scatter and absorb solar radiation, thus affecting the downward and upward solar radiance to be recorded by remote sensing sensors. Haze modifies the spectral signature of land classes and reduces classification accuracy, so causing problems to users of remote sensing data. Hence, there is a need to reduce the haze effects to improve the usefulness of the data. A way to do this is by integrating spectral and statistical approaches. The result shows that the haze reduction method is able to increase the accuracy of the data statistically and visually

Application of Cow Manure Waste and Calcium Oxide Lime (CaO) on Growth and Yield of Cowpea Plant (Vigna Sinensis L.)

Introduction: The research was aimed to obtain an appropriate dose of cow manure waste, calcium oxide lime, and interactions in increasing the growth and yield of cowpea. Material and Methods: The research was conducted in Secanggang Village, Secanggang Subdistrict, Langkat District in June until September 2017. The research was conducted using the Randomized Block Design Factorial, the first factor (cow manure waste) dose of L0 = 0 ton.ha-1; L1 = 10 ton.ha-1; L2 = 20 ton.ha-1. The second factor (calcium oxide lime) dose of K0 = 0 ton.ha-1; K1 = 3 ton.ha-1; K2 = 6 ton.ha-1; and K3 = 9 ton.ha-1. Data were analyzed using the F and followed by DMRT at level 5% using IBM SPSS Statistics v.20 software. Results: The cow manure waste dosages of 10 until 20 ton.ha-1 significantly increased the plant height at 4 Weeks After Planting (WAP) and yield.plot-1 of cowpea ranged from 2.14 to 2.50% and 13.00 to 15.98%, respectively and the dose of 20 ton.ha-1 significantly increased the yield.sample-1 of 17.44% compared to untreated. The application of calcium oxide lime at the dose of 9 ton.ha-1 significantly increased the plant height of cowpea at 4 WAP of 2.46%, and the dose of 6 until 9 ton.ha-1 significantly increased the yield.sample-1 and yield.plot-1, however the highest was found in the dosage 6 ton.ha-1 of 13.51% and 20.16% compared to untreated. The interaction of cow manure waste with calcium oxide lime were not significant effect on growth and yield of cowpea

Physicochemical properties of tarap (Artocarpus adoratisimus) starch

The objective of the research was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of Tarap fruit starch. In this study, young Tarap fruit starch was extracted and the percentage of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin were determined. Scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the morphological features of the starch granule. Swelling, pasting, gelatinization, retrogradation and in vitro digestibility were also investigated. A total of 17.85% starch was successfully extracted from unripe Tarap fruit, whereas the amount of total starch and resistant starch were 89.14% and 47.82%, respectively. The amounts of rapid digestible starch and slowly digestible starch were 6.58% and 23.25%, respectively. Results found that the amylopectin content was higher than amylose (77.15% and 11.97%). The starch granules were round and polygon in shapes with smooth surfaces. The average of starch granules size was range from 6.50 to 8.30 μm with 7.4 μm of mean granule diameter. Pasting properties showed that peak viscosity was observed at about 6.5 min at 73.5oC. Tarap starch gelatinization temperatures (onset, 71.63°C; peak, 74.56°C; conclusion, 78.24°C) and enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔHgel) (3.74 J/g) were higher while the retrograded starches show lower retrogradation temperature and enthalpy than native starches. Unripe Tarap starch showed good potential to be utilized as adhesives and thickener for industrial applications

Micro-manufacturing : research, technology outcomes and development issues

Besides continuing effort in developing MEMS-based manufacturing techniques, latest effort in Micro-manufacturing is also in Non-MEMS-based manufacturing. Research and technological development (RTD) in this field is encouraged by the increased demand on micro-components as well as promised development in the scaling down of the traditional macro-manufacturing processes for micro-length-scale manufacturing. This paper highlights some EU funded research activities in micro/nano-manufacturing, and gives examples of the latest development in micro-manufacturing methods/techniques, process chains, hybrid-processes, manufacturing equipment and supporting technologies/device, etc., which is followed by a summary of the achievements of the EU MASMICRO project. Finally, concluding remarks are given, which raise several issues concerning further development in micro-manufacturing

Thermodynamic and experimental explorations of CO2 methanation over highly active metal-free fibrous silica-beta zeolite (FS@SiO2-BEA) of innovative morphology

CO2 methanation is a novel way for climate change mitigation by converting CO2 into substitute natural gas. In this study, a highly active fibrous silica-beta zeolite (FS@SiO2-BEA) catalyst was prepared for CO2 methanation by a microemulsion process, and examined by N2 adsorption–desorption, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy techniques. It was found that the FS@SiO2-BEA catalyst possessed a fibrous silica morphology, leading to high surface area (609 m2/g), oxygen vacancies, and basicity. A thermodynamic study was also carried out using Gibbs free energy minimization method, and it was found that low temperatures (25–350 °C) and high H2: CO2 ≥ 4 ratios have enhanced the CO2 methanation activity. The prepared FS@SiO2-BEA catalyst exhibited high CO2 conversion (65%), and CH4 selectivity (61%) with a space–time yield of 3.30 g gcat−1 h−1. The obtained experimental results highly followed the thermodynamic calculations

The Integration Of Simple Markov Model In Solving Single Line Production System

Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) has limitations in capital to upgrade the production process especially in installing new machines in parallel line. Generally the machines are installed in single-line and not equipped with a modern technology. If any machines in the series are breakdown and stopped, the whole production system also stopped. By understanding the condition, most of SMEs struggle to reduce the overhead cost and increase the company's profit by escalating the availability of the machines. A simple yet powerful Markov model is used in this study to identify the prime cost involves in production line downtimes. The influence of the performance of a single machine on a line is investigated. A case study in the production of the tamarind juice drink, obviously when the failure rate of the machines is reduced, the cost of lost also can be reduced

Statistical distributions for monthly aggregations of precipitation and streamflow in drought indicator applications

Drought indicators are used as triggers for action and so are the foundation of drought monitoring and early warning. The computation of drought indicators like the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized streamflow index (SSI) require a statistical probability distribution to be fitted to the observed data. Both precipitation and streamflow have a lower bound at zero, and their empirical distributions tend to have positive skewness. For deriving the SPI, the Gamma distribution has therefore often been a natural choice. The concept of the SSI is newer and there is no consensus regarding distribution. In the present study, twelve different probability distributions are fitted to streamflow and catchment average precipitation for four durations (1, 3, 6, and 12 months), for 121 catchments throughout the United Kingdom. The more flexible three- and four-parameter distributions generally do not have a lower bound at zero, and hence may attach some probability to values below zero. As a result, there is a censoring of the possible values of the calculated SPIs and SSIs. This can be avoided by using one of the bounded distributions, such as the reasonably flexible three-parameter Tweedie distribution, which has a lower bound (and potentially mass) at zero. The Tweedie distribution has only recently been applied to precipitation data, and only for a few sites. We find it fits both precipitation and streamflow data nearly as well as the best of the traditionally used three-parameter distributions, and should improve the accuracy of drought indices used for monitoring and early warning

Projections of the current and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Malaysia

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Malaysia has been estimated at 2.5% of the adult population. Our objective, satisfying one of the directives of the WHO Framework for Global Action on Viral Hepatitis, was to forecast the HCV disease burden in Malaysia using modelling methods.An age-structured multi-state Markov model was developed to simulate the natural history of HCV infection. We tested three historical incidence scenarios that would give rise to the estimated prevalence in 2009, and calculated the incidence of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) under each scenario, to the year 2039. In the baseline scenario, current antiviral treatment levels were extended from 2014 to the end of the simulation period. To estimate the disease burden averted under current sustained virological response rates and treatment levels, the baseline scenario was compared to a counterfactual scenario in which no past or future treatment is assumed.In the baseline scenario, the projected disease burden for the year 2039 is 94,900 DALYs/year (95% credible interval (CrI): 77,100 to 124,500), with 2,002 (95% CrI: 1340 to 3040) and 540 (95% CrI: 251 to 1,030) individuals predicted to develop decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively, in that year. Although current treatment practice is estimated to avert a cumulative total of 2,200 deaths from DC or HCC, a cumulative total of 63,900 HCV-related deaths is projected by 2039.The HCV-related disease burden is already high and is forecast to rise steeply over the coming decades under current levels of antiviral treatment. Increased governmental resources to improve HCV screening and treatment rates and to reduce transmission are essential to address the high projected HCV disease burden in Malaysia

Risk Perception, Self-Efficacy, Trust in Government, and the Moderating Role of Perceived Social Media Content During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Received 5 July 2020. Accepted 22 February 2021. Published online 19 April 2021.The public’s actions will likely have a significant effect on the course of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Human behavior is conditioned and shaped by information and people’s perceptions. This study investigated the impact of risk perception on trust in government and self-efficacy. It examined whether the use of social media helped people adopt preventive actions during the pandemic. To test this hypothesis, the researchers gathered data from 512 individuals (students and academics) based in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggested that risk perception had a significant effect on trust in government and self-efficacy. Moreover, these correlations were stronger when social media was used as a source for gathering information on COVID-19. In some cases, it even helped users avoid exposure to the virus. This study assessed the relationship between risk perception and the awareness gained from using social media during the pandemic and highlighted how social media usage influences trust in government and self-efficacy