Effective teaching in the college classroom: current perspectives and future directions

La efectividad de la enseñanza en la educación superior es importante tanto para los estudiantes, profesores e investigadores, como para los administradores, y, en consecuencia, ha originado un considerable interés. El propósito de este artículo es realizar una revisión de las evidencias empíricas acerca de cuál sea la enseñanza más eficaz en el nivel universitario, con el objetivo puesto en los siguientes problemas: las cualidades o conductas que caracterizan al profesor eficaz; el impacto que estas conductas tienen en los estudiantes, y las implicaciones de los hallazgos empíricos en la mejora de la enseñanza eficaz que se extraen de diversas experiencias, como son las de organización, claridad y expresividad; las distintas perspectivas principales para la obtención y acumulación de resultados de investigación, fundamentalmente, la descriptiva, la correlaciona y la experimental, y, por último, algunas de las virtualidades y limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas de estas perspectivas. Esperamos que este artículo proporcione al lector una idea suficiente acerca del estado actual, métodos y preocupaciones de la investigación sobre la enseñanza en las instituciones universitarias de América del Norte

Youths\u27 Perspectives on the Reasons Underlying School Truancy and Opportunities to Improve School Attendance

School truancy is common in the United States; however, youths’ perspectives on the underlying reasons for and the best ways to curtail this phenomenon are lacking. This project sought to better understand what factors contribute to youths’ decisions to skip classes or ditch full days of school over time and to solicit youths’ recommendations on how to reduce truancy and improve system functioning. We used a community partnered qualitative descriptive approach to conduct in-depth interviews with 39 youths with a history of truancy from South and East Los Angeles. Youths’ experiences and recommendations illustrate the multiple factors that influence school truancy and suggest potential leverage points for reducing truancy, including modifications to the school environment to increase student engagement; a more effective school response to address truancy; and further involvement and engagement of parents. Researchers, policy makers, and school practitioners can use results to help inform efforts to address school truancy

Jungian Typologies and Conscious Preferences in Career and Intimate Relationship Development

Applied Behavioral Studie

Electrolyzer Exergy Analysis for an Environmental Control and Life Support System

An exergy based analysis of the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) is conducted to assess its overall performance. Exergy is chosen as a measure of performance because it accounts for both the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The exergy efficiency of a system is first defined as the total exergy destroyed by the system relative to the total exergy input to the system. To determine the ECLSS exergy efficiency, the system is divided into constituent subsystems which in turn are divided into assemblies and components. Based on this system decomposition, exergy balances are derived for each assembly or component. Exergy balances and supporting calculations are implemented in MATLAB code. The major subsystems of the ECLSS considered in this analysis include the Atmosphere Revitalization Subsystem (ARS), Atmosphere Control and Supply Subsystem (ACS), Temperature and Humidity Control Subsystem (THC), Water Recovery and Management Subsystem (WRM), and Waste Management Subsystem (WM). This paper focuses on the ARS and its constituent assemblies and components. Exergy efficiency of the ARS and its constituent assemblies and components is first presented. The Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA), an assembly within the ARS, is then highlighted because the exergy destruction by the OGA is a large magnitude contributor to the overall exergy destruction of the ECLSS. The OGA produces oxygen to meet the crew's metabolic demand via water electrolysis in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. The exergy destruction of the OGA's PEM electrolyzer is a function of the amount of oxygen produced, which determines the necessary current density and voltage drop across the PEM electrolyzer. In addition, oxygen production in the PEM electrolyzer requires deviation from the Nernst potential, presenting trade-offs between the exergy efficiency and critical life support functions. The results of parametric studies of PEM electrolyzer performance are presented with an emphasis on the impacts of polarization and operational conditions on exergy efficiency

The Effect of Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of Their Initial Teacher Education Program on Teaching Anxiety, Efficacy, and Commitment

In a novel approach to initial teacher education, we combined a program review perspective and a psychological perspective. First, we assessed the extent to which student teachers (n=137) felt that components of their BEd program prepared them for teaching and whether these components represented meaningful program dimensions. Through content analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and teacher candidates’ own words, five dimensions emerged: classroom dynamics; curriculum, instruction, and assessment; intrapersonal reflection; ethics of teaching; and professional learning community. Second, we tested how each of these dimensions predicted teaching anxiety, efficacy, and commitment. The results from regression analyses showed that ethics of teaching was the most influential dimension by decreasing anxiety and increasing efficacy and commitment. Results are discussed in terms of the effect of initial teacher education program dimensions on the psychosocial development of teacher candidates.Adoptant une approche novatrice à la formation initiale des enseignants, nous avons combiné une perspective visant l'examen des programmes avec une perspective psychologique. Nous avons d'abord évalué la mesure dans laquelle les stagiaires (n=137) estimaient que  des composantes de leur programme d'études (B.Ed.) les avaient préparés pour l'enseignement et à quel point ces composantes représentaient des dimensions significatives de leurs programmes. Cinq dimensions ont découlé des analyses du contenu, des facteurs exploratoires et des propres paroles des stagiaires : la dynamique en salle de classe; le programme d’étude, l’enseignement et l’évaluation; la réflexion intrapersonnelle; l’éthique et l’enseignement; et les communautés professionnelles d’enseignement. Nous avons ensuite évalué dans quelle mesure chacune de ces dimensions constituait une variable explicative de l’anxiété, l’efficacité et l’engagement en enseignement. Les résultats sont présentés en fonction de l’effet des dimensions du programme de formation initiale des enseignants sur le développement psychosocial des stagiaires

Intraocular Nematodiasis in a Llama (\u3cem\u3eLama glama\u3c/em\u3e)

This report describes a unique case of presumed migration of Parelaphastrongylus tenuis through the spinal cord into the eye of a llama where it survived and matured within the ocular environment. Blindness of the eye was most likely attributable to migration of the parasite through the central nervous tissue. Résumé Infestation par les nématodes intraoculaire chez un lama (Lama glama). Ce rapport décrit un cas unique de migration présumée de Parelaphastrongylus tenuis dans la colonne vertébrale jusque dans l’œil d’un lama où il a survécu et est parvenu à maturité dans l’environnement oculaire. La cécité de l’œil a été le plus probablement attribuable à la migration du parasite dans les tissus du système nerveux central. (Traduit par Isabelle Vallières