QUALIDADE DE SOLO E LITEIRA EM VEGETAÇÃO PÓS MINERAÇÃO E FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL EM CAPITÃO POÇO, PARÁ, BRASIL

The present study aimed to evaluate some chemical and physical attributes of the soil, as well as the litter accumulated above ground in two areas at different fallow times after pebble and sand exploration, compared to a secondary forest. The study was carried out in the municipality of Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil. Each study area has about 5 ha. The three areas are composed of a forest fragment (FOR), a mined area with fallow of 48 months (DA48) and an area mined in a period of 18 months (DA18). The variables analyzed were soil density, soil particle density, soil fertility and litter physical quality. FOR obtained higher values ​​of litter biomass in almost all factors analyzed. Just the water holding capacity of the litter in this area together with the weight of the fresh straw. In general, it was observed that it is more appropriate to use the fallow observed in the DA18 area for intervention through recovery practices to take advantage of natural regeneration.O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar alguns atributos químicos e físicos do solo, bem como a serapilheira acumulada acima do solo em duas áreas em diferentes épocas de pousio após a exploração de seixo e areia, em comparação com uma floresta secundária. O estudo foi realizado no município de Capitão Poço, Pará, Brasil. Cada área de estudo possui cerca de 5 ha. As três áreas são compostas por um fragmento florestal (FOR), uma área minerada com pousio de 48 meses (DA48) e uma área minerada em um período de 18 meses (DA18). As variáveis analisadas foram densidade do solo, densidade de partículas do solo, fertilidade do solo e qualidade física da serapilheira. FOR obteve maiores valores de biomassa de serapilheira em quase todos os fatores analisados. Apenas a capacidade de retenção de água da liteira desta área juntamente com o peso da palha fresca. De modo geral, observou-se que é mais adequado utilizar o pousio observado na área DA18 para intervenção por meio de práticas de recuperação para aproveitar a regeneração natural. Palavras-chave: solos degradados; biomassa vegetal; ecossistemas; recuperação de áreas degradadas; exploração de seixo de areia.   Soil and litter quality under post mining vegetation and forestry fragment in Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil   ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to evaluate some chemical and physical attributes of the soil, as well as the litter accumulated above ground in two areas at different fallow times after pebble and sand exploration, compared to a secondary forest. The study was carried out in the municipality of Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil. Each study area has about 5 ha. The three areas are composed of a forest fragment (FOR), a mined area with fallow of 48 months (DA48) and an area mined in a period of 18 months (DA18). The variables analyzed were soil density, soil particle density, soil fertility and litter physical quality. FOR obtained higher values ​​of litter biomass in almost all factors analyzed. Just the water holding capacity of the litter in this area together with the weight of the fresh straw. In general, it was observed that it is more appropriate to use the fallow observed in the DA18 area for intervention through recovery practices to take advantage of natural regeneration. Keywords: degraded soils; vegetal biomass; ecosystem; recovery of degraded lands; pebble and sand exploitation

Protocol Proposal For The Care Of The Person With Venous Ulcer

Objective: To propose a care protocol for the care of the person with a venous ulcer in highly complex services. Methods and results: This is a methodological study, in three stages: literature review, validation of content and validation in the clinical context. The literature review was carried out from June to August/2011, being the basis for the construction of the Protocol for Venous Ulcers. The content validation included 53 judges (44 nurses, 8 physicians and 1 physiotherapist) selected through the Lattes platform to evaluate the items of the protocol. Validation in the clinical context occurred at the University Hospital Onofre Lopes, in Natal/RN with four judges (nurses), who worked in pairs, evaluating 32 patients with venous ulcers. The protocol was validated with 15 categories: sociodemographic data; anamnesis; examinations; ulcer characteristics; care with the lesion and perilesional area; medicines used to treat the lesion; evaluation and treatment of pain; surgical treatment of chronic venous disease; recurrence prevention (clinical and educational strategies); reference; counter-reference; and quality of life. Conclusion: The validated protocol regarding content and clinical context was applicable. Its implementation is a viable measure that assists in the reorientation of the team in high complexity services, aiming at wound healing and restoration of the patient´s integral health. Keywords: Varicose ulcer; Tertiary Health Care; Protocols; Validation studies

(E)-Caryophyllene and α-Humulene: Aedes aegypti Oviposition Deterrents Elucidated by Gas Chromatography-Electrophysiological Assay of Commiphora leptophloeos Leaf Oil.

Aedes aegypti is responsible for the transmission of dengue, a disease that infects millions of people each year. Although essential oils are well recognized as sources of compounds with repellent and larvicidal activities against the dengue mosquito, much less is known about their oviposition deterrent effects. Commiphora leptophloeos, a tree native to South America, has important pharmacological properties, but the chemical profile and applicability of its essential oil in controlling the spread of the dengue mosquito have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of C. leptophloeos leaf oil and to evaluate its larvicidal and oviposition deterrent effects against A. aegypti. Fifty-five components of the essential oil were detected by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry, with α-phellandrene (26.3%), (E)-caryophyllene (18.0%) and β-phellandrene (12.9%) identified as the major constituents. Bioassays showed that the oil exhibited strong oviposition deterrent effects against A. aegypti at concentrations between 25 and 100 ppm, and possessed good larvicidal activity (LC50 = 99.4 ppm). Analysis of the oil by GC coupled with electroantennographic detection established that seven constituents could trigger antennal depolarization in A. aegypti gravid females. Two of these components, namely (E)-caryophyllene and α-humulene, were present in substantial proportions in the oil, and oviposition deterrence assays confirmed that both were significantly active at concentrations equivalent to those present in the oil. It is concluded that these sesquiterpenes are responsible, at least in part, for the deterrent effect of the oil. The oviposition deterrent activity of the leaf oil of C. leptophloeos is one of the most potent reported so far, suggesting that it could represent an interesting alternative to synthetic insecticides. The results of this study highlight the importance of integrating chemical and electrophysiological methods for screening natural compounds for their potential in combating vectors of insect-borne diseases

Oviposition responses of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> gravid females to aqueous solutions of the constituents of the essential oil of <i>Commiphora leptophloeos</i> identified by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection.

<p>The values represent the mean percentage (±SD) of the total eggs laid in response to the treatment. Each assay was performed with ten mosquitoes and was repeated eight times. Mean values marked with an asterisk (*) are different at the level indicated (Student’s <i>t</i>-test).</p

Relative mean numbers (±SD) of eggs laid by <i>Aedes aegypti</i> gravid females on filter papers treated with aqueous solutions of the essential oil of <i>Commiphora leptophloeos</i> at different concentrations or with appropriate control.

<p>Each assay was performed with ten mosquitoes and was replicated eight times. Mean values marked with an asterisk (*) are different at the level indicated (Student’s <i>t</i>-test).</p

Mean relative amounts of volatile compounds identified in the leaf oil of <i>Commiphora leptophloeos</i>.

<p>^a Constituents listed in order of elution on a non-polar DB-5 column;</p><p>^b Retention indices calculated from the retention times relative to a series of <i>n</i>-alkanes (C9-C19) analyzed on a DB-5 column;</p><p>^c Values obtained from Adams [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144586#pone.0144586.ref051" target="_blank">51</a>].</p><p>Mean relative amounts of volatile compounds identified in the leaf oil of <i>Commiphora leptophloeos</i>.</p

Quality Of Care Indicators Of A Pre-Hospital Mobile Emergency: A Review

Objective: To identify the quality of care indicators in pre-hospital mobile emergency services. Methods and results: This study is a systematic review conducted in December/2015 in eight databases using the keywords: quality indicators in health care; pre-hospital care; and quality, access, and evaluation of the health care. Seventeen studies were selected and the following indicators were identified: conservation of the ambulances; physical structure; comfort in the ambulance; material resources; safety for the patient/professional; continuing education; response time; professional remuneration; professional/patient satisfaction; access; host; humanization; performed service; safety demonstrated by the team; privacy to the patient; guidelines on care; relationship between the professional/patient; opportunity of the patient to complaint. Conclusion: The establishment the of the quality of care indicators the in mobile emergency services will allow the construction of instruments to evaluate this type of service to search for excellence results in mobile emergency services

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora