UMA EVIDÊNCIA EXPERIMENTAL DO CONCEITO DE REPRESENTAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL ATRAVÉS DO ESTUDO DA REPRESENTAÇÃO DO GRUPO IDEAL

Este artigo apresenta uma evidência experimental da noção de representação profissional. Após descrever essa categoria particular de representações sociais e os interesses que ela representa no domínio da educação, descrevem-se dois protocolos experimentais inscritos no âmbito da teoria estrutural que permitem a identificação de diferenças entre as representações sociais e representações profissionais. Estes protocolos são baseados na técnica de “pôr em questão”, e centram-se na representação do grupo ideal. Eles foram submetidos a 1.001 alunos da licenciatura de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Toulouse-Le Mirail (296 para o primeiro e 705 para  o segundo). Os resultados mostram diferenças na composição do sistema central da representação no contexto em que o objeto é pensado (social versus profissional). Eles também salientaram o caráter muito estável ao longo do tempo no núcleo central das representações e a necessidade de uma contextualização dos objetos no  estudo da inserção social e profissional

Des mondes lexicaux aux représentations sociales. Une première approche des thématiques dans les débats à l’Assemblée nationale (1998-2014)

Ce texte propose une première exploration des thématiques dans les débats à l’Assemblée nationale. Un corpus regroupant l’ensemble des sessions de 1998 à 2014 sera soumis à une série de classifications selon la méthode Reinert avec le logiciel Iramuteq. La démarche suivie repose sur une articulation entre les mondes lexicaux génériques qui définissent des métathématiques, et l’expression des représentations sociales que l’on peut identifier à l’intérieur de ces ensembles.This paper sets out to endeavour a preliminary exploration of the thematics dealt with in the debates at the National Assembly. A corpus covering all the parliamentary sessions debates from 1998 to 2014 will be submitted to series of categorisations using Reinert method and its software Iramuteq. Such a method relies on an articulation between the generic lexical scopes that contribute to defining the meta-thematics on the one hand and the expression of social representations that could be identified inside those categories.Este artículo propone una primera exploración de las temáticas dentro de los debates en la Asamblea nacional. En corpus, agrupando el conjunto de las sesiones desde 1998 hasta 2014 será sometido a una serie de clasificaciones segun el método Reinert con el programa Iramuteq. El camino seguido está basado sobre una articulación entre los mundos lexicales genéricos que definen metatemáticas y expresiones de representaciones sociales que pueden ser indentificadas dentro de estos conjuntos

Postures sociodiscursives et conquête du pouvoir

Les périodes précédant une élection présidentielle sont propices au dévoilement des ambitions personnelles qui conduisent à des stratégies complexes pour apparaître comme une personnalité forte et distincte tout en représentant au mieux le parti dont on brigue l’investiture. Être à la fois soi et les autres implique d’adopter une posture crédible et attractive. L’analyse lexicométrique d’un ouvrage politique collectif intitulé Les 12 travaux de l’opposition : Nos projets pour redresser la France, publié par l’UMP (2014) permet de définir trois postures sociodiscursives, que nous appelons généraliste (être visionnaire), spécialiste (être compétent dans un domaine) et polémiste (être combatif à l’égard des adversaires). On analyse également les risques qu’il y a à trop investir une posture ou à se situer à leur intersection.Les périodes précédant une élection présidentielle sont propices au dévoilement des ambitions personnelles qui conduisent à des stratégies complexes pour apparaître comme une personnalité forte et distincte tout en représentant au mieux le parti dont on brigue l’investiture. Être à la fois soi et les autres implique d’adopter une posture crédible et attractive. L’analyse lexicométrique d’un ouvrage politique collectif intitulé Les 12 travaux de l’opposition : Nos projets pour redresser la France, publié par l’UMP (2014) permet de définir trois postures sociodiscursives, que nous appelons généraliste (être visionnaire), spécialiste (être compétent dans un domaine) et polémiste (être combatif à l’égard des adversaires). On analyse également les risques qu’il y a à trop investir une posture ou à se situer à leur intersection

Reply to Aldè et al. Comment on “Manchaiah et al. Social Representations of “Tinnitus” and “Health” among Individuals with Tinnitus Seeking Online Psychological Interventions. Audiol. Res. 2023, 13, 207–220

No abstract available.https://www.mdpi.com/journal/audiolresSpeech-Language Pathology and Audiolog

Social representations of ‘tinnitus’ and ‘health’ among individuals with tinnitus seeking online psychological interventions

(1) Objective: Social representations theory (SRT) is a body of theory within social psychology concerned with how individuals, groups, and communities collectively make sense of socially relevant or problematic issues, ideas, and practices. SRT has been increasingly sued in the area of health and disability. The current study examined the social representations of “tinnitus” and “health” among individuals with tinnitus who are seeking online psychological interventions. (2) Materials/Method: The data were gathered using a free association task about their “tinnitus” and “health” from 399 individuals with tinnitus. The data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative analyses methods. (3) Results: The responses resulted in 39 and 30 categories respectively, for “tinnitus” and “health”. The most commonly occurring categories for tinnitus included: descriptions of tinnitus (18%), annoying (13.5%), persistent (8%), and distracting (5%). The most commonly occurring categories for health included: content (12%), conditions (8%), active (7%), take control (6%), and overweight (5%). The responses to tinnitus had predominantly negative connotations (i.e., 76.9%) whereas a larger proportion of responses toward their health was related to positive connotations (i.e., 46.4%). These frequently occurring items were also dominant in similarities analysis. Prototypical analysis of tinnitus responses identified categories horrible and bothersome to be key items in the central zone. The categories in central zone of health responses included: content, active, healthy, grateful, and overweight. (4) Conclusions: Individuals with tinnitus have very negative view of their tinnitus impacting their psychological status. Tinnitus management should focus on reducing the negative associations toward their tinnitus and strengthen the positive aspects related to their general health

Real-life and real-time hearing aid experiences : insights from self-initiated ecological momentary assessments and natural language analysis

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The datasets presented in this article are not readily available because of the mobile application’s data privacy notice. Requests to access the datasets should be directed to [email protected] : Smartphone technology can provide an effective means to bring real-life and (near-)real-time feedback from hearing aid wearers into the clinic. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) encourages listeners to report on their experiences during or shortly after they take place in order to minimize recall bias, e.g., guided by surveys in a mobile application. Allowing listeners to describe experiences in their own words, further, ensures that answers are independent of predefined jargon or of how survey questions are formulated. Through these means, one can obtain ecologically valid sets of data, for instance during a hearing aid trial, which can support clinicians to assess the needs of their clients, provide directions for fine-tuning, and counselling. At a larger scale, such datasets would facilitate training of machine learning algorithms that could help hearing technology to anticipate user needs. METHODS : In this retrospective, exploratory analysis of a clinical data set, we performed a cluster analysis on 8,793 open-text statements, which were collected through self-initiated EMAs, provided by 2,301 hearing aid wearers as part of their hearing care. Our aim was to explore how listeners describe their daily life experiences with hearing technology in (near-)real-time, in their own words, by identifying emerging themes in the reports. We also explored whether identified themes correlated with the nature of the experiences, i.e., selfreported satisfaction ratings indicating a positive or negative experience. RESULTS : Results showed that close to 60% of listeners’ reports related to speech intelligibility in challenging situations and sound quality dimensions, and tended to be valued as positive experiences. In comparison, close to 40% of reports related to hearing aid management, and tended to be valued as negative experiences. DISCUSSION : This first report of open-text statements, collected through selfinitiated EMAs as part of clinical practice, shows that, while EMA can come with a participant burden, at least a subsample of motivated hearing aid wearers could use these novel tools to provide feedback to inform more responsive, personalized, and family-centered hearing care.The NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre.https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-healtham2024Speech-Language Pathology and AudiologySDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

Social representation of ‘hearing loss’ among people with hearing loss: An exploratory cross-cultural study

Background: Hearing loss can have an effect on the physical, psychosocial, and cognitive wellbeing of an individual. Despite the research on attitudes and stigma associated with hearing loss, people with hearing loss (PHL) continue to delay seeking help. Thus, it is vital to look at alternative theories which have been successfully used in disability research to better understand how PHL perceive hearing loss. Purpose: The aim of the current exploratory study was to examine the social representation (SR) of “hearing loss” in PHL in India, Republic of Korea (ROK), United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Research Design: The study used a cross-sectional survey design. Study Sample: In this study, 424 participants were recruited using a consecutive sampling method in four countries (India, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, and United States). Data Collection and Analysis: Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using content analysis, similarities analysis, prototypical analysis, and chi-square analysis. Results: The free associations of the PHL were grouped into 37 categories. The most commonly reported categories were communication difficulties, negative mental state, aging, assessment and management, causes of hearing loss, hearing ability or disability, hearing instruments, and symptoms of hearing loss. Similarities analysis and prototypical analysis highlighted two main negative categories (negative mental state and communication difficulties) which form the central elements of SR of hearing loss. PHL associated hearing loss mainly as a negative phenomenon, but with some positive and neutral aspects. Respondents from ROK reported a greater number of neutral associations compared with other countries. There were cross-cultural similarities and differences in terms of PHL's SR of hearing loss, but there were more similarities than differences. Conclusion: The study provides an insight into how PHL collectively view their “hearing loss” and helps to develop our understanding of the influence of culture on the SR of “hearing loss.” The results will aid the development of culturally appropriate public education campaigns, marketing material, and appropriate rehabilitation for PHL

Hearing aid acquisition and ownership : what can we learn from online consumer reviews?

OBJECTIVE : To explore the publicised opinions of consumers actively participating in online hearing aid reviews. DESIGN : A retrospective design examining data generated from an online consumer review website (www.HearingTracker.com). Qualitative data (open text responses) were analysed using the open source automated topic modelling software IRaMuTeQ (http://www.iramuteq.org/) to identify themes. Outputs were compared with quantitative data from the consumer reviews (short response questions exploring hearing aid performance and benefit, and some meta-data such as hearing aid brand and years of hearing aid ownership). STUDY SAMPLE : 1378 online consumer hearing aid reviews. RESULTS : Six clusters within two domains were identified. The domain Device Acquisition included three clusters: Finding the right provider, device and price-point; Selecting a hearing aid to suit the hearing loss; Attaining physical fit and device management skills. The domain Device Use included three clusters: Smartphone streaming to hearing aids; Hearing aid adjustment using smartphone; and Hearing in noise. CONCLUSIONS : Although online hearing aid consumers indicate positive performance on multiple-choice questions relating to hearing aid performance and benefit, their online reviews describe a number of barriers limiting their success. Hearing healthcare clinicians must employ a personalised approach to audiological rehabilitation to ensure individual clients’ needs are met.https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iija20hj2022Speech-Language Pathology and Audiolog

Representation of Hearing loss and Hearing Aid(s) in the United States Newspaper Media: Cross-sectional Analysis of Secondary Data

Purpose: News media plays an important role in formulating people's knowledge and opinions about various aspects of life, including health. The current study explored how hearing loss and hearing aids are represented in the U.S. newspaper media. Method: A cross-sectional study design was selected to analyze publicly available newspaper media data. The data sets were generated from the database, the U.S. Major Dailies by ProQuest, by searching key words for newspapers published during 1990–2017. Cluster analysis (i.e., text pattern analysis) and chi-square tests were performed using Iramuteq software. Results: The hearing loss data set had 1,527 texts (i.e., articles). The cluster analysis resulted in 7 clusters, which were named as (1) causes and consequences (26.1%), (2) early identification and diagnosis (9%), (3) health promotion and prevention (22.1%), (4) recreational noise exposure (10.4%), (5) prevalence (14.3%), (6) research and development (12.4%), and (7) cognitive hearing science (5.6%). The hearing aids data set had 2,667 texts. The cluster analysis resulted in 8 clusters, which were named as (1) signal processing (20.2%), (2) insurance (8.9%), (3) prevalence (12.4%), (4) research and development (5.4%), (5) activities and relation (16.2%), (6) features to address background noise (13.8%), (7) innovation (12%), and (8) wireless and connectivity (11.1%). Time series analysis of clusters in both “hearing loss” and “hearing aids” data sets indicated changes in the pattern of information presented in the newspaper media during 1990–2016 (e.g., Cluster 7 focuses on cognitive hearing science in a hearing loss data set emerging only since the year 2012 and growing rapidly). Conclusions: The text pattern analysis showed that the U.S. newspaper media focuses on a range of issues when considering hearing loss and hearing aids and that patterns or trends change over time. The study results can be helpful for hearing health care professionals to understand what presuppositions society in general may have as the media has the ability to influence societal perception and opinions

UMA EVIDÊNCIA EXPERIMENTAL DO CONCEITO DE REPRESENTAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL ATRAVÉS DO ESTUDO DA REPRESENTAÇÃO DO GRUPO IDEAL

Este artigo apresenta uma evidência experimental da noção de representação profissional. Após descrever essa categoria particular de representações sociais e os interesses que ela representa no domínio da educação, descrevem-se dois protocolos experimentais inscritos no âmbito da teoria estrutural que permitem a identificação de diferenças entre as representações sociais e representações profissionais. Estes protocolos são baseados na técnica de “pôr em questão”, e centram-se na representação do grupo ideal. Eles foram submetidos a 1.001 alunos da licenciatura de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Toulouse-Le Mirail (296 para o primeiro e 705 para  o segundo). Os resultados mostram diferenças na composição do sistema central da representação no contexto em que o objeto é pensado (social versus profissional). Eles também salientaram o caráter muito estável ao longo do tempo no núcleo central das representações e a necessidade de uma contextualização dos objetos no  estudo da inserção social e profissional