Producing of High Quality Colored Images using Scalable Image Processing Techniques

One of the many digital approaches that came from the image processing domain is picture enhancement. These approaches are employed to enhance the perceptibility of images, or to transform the image into a format more suitable for human or machine analysis, and to highlight intricate elements that might otherwise remain indistinct. The primary topic of this thesis is the utilization of the pseudo color approach, which is an image enhancement technique, to convert grayscale intensity images into color-coded images. An investigation into the various forms of pseudo color techniques that have been created in the past has been done in this work. Using the spectra returned by the Fourier transform of the input picture, the Pseudo color method applies three distinct digital filters—a high pass filter, a band pass filter, and a low pass filter—to achieve the desired effect: The Red, Green, and Blue components of the CRT electron cannons are then given the three filtered outputs that are generated, which are subsequently projected onto the screen. Therefore, a comprehensive package has been developed to execute the necessary procedures for generating the colored image. This bundle comprises two primary components. The initial one facilitates the execution of Fourier transformations and filtering operations. For the second part, a computed color table is used to mix the three components of Red, Green, and Blue to make and show the desired color. This means that each pixel in the original image will have a new value that matches the new color, which creates a new colored image. Also, Combining optimal partitioning with dynamic programming with a representation of the image for space-filling curve, we offer a novel algorithm for pseudo-coloring in this paper. The algorithm permits the fine-to-coarse assignment of triplet colors to the pixels of an image, thereby producing a pseudo-colored image that preserves either structure or detail. This is accomplished by initially considering the original gray levels in the image and then systematically decreasing them by optimal partitioning until reaching a specific number, which can include reducing the image to only two colors for a binary representation. The number of colors is output by the algorithm, and the specific allocation of colors is determined by the nature of the problem being addressed. Two sets of medical photos are used to illustrate how the algorithm is applied

Calculation of Energy Level and B (E2) for 42-44Ca by using Shell Model Code OXBASH

In this work shell model are calculated in the f7-shell region for the nuclei 42Ca, 43Ca and 44Ca by employing the effective interactions, f742pn and f7cdpn using the shell model code OXBASH for windows by applying spin-parity of valance nucleons. Found a good convergence of energy levels with the practical results are available and Found a good convergence of electrical transitions B (E2; ↓) with the practical results are available. Keywords: Energy Levels, OXBASH Code and gamma transitions

Octa-band reconfigurable monopole antenna frequency diversity 5G wireless

An octa-band frequency-reconfigurable antenna (28×14×1.5 mm3) with a broad tuning range is shown. Antenna mode1 (4.31 GHz) works in one single-band mode and two dual-band in modes 2 and 3 (i.e., 3.91 and 5.9 GHz) as well as one tri-band in mode 4 (i.e., 3.09, 5.65, and 7.92 GHz) based on the switching situation of the antenna. Changing capacitance for frequency reconfigurability is accomplished with the use of lumped components. The antenna’s observed tuning spans from 3.09 GHz to 7.92 GHz. for all the resonant bands, the suggested antenna has a voltage standing waves ratio (VSWR)<1.45 except for one band with a VSWR<1.85. From 70.57% to 97.93%, the suggested structure’s radiation efficiency may be calculated. For a better understanding proposed antenna’s far field and scattering characteristics, we used CST Microwave Studio 2021. We may conclude that our suggested antenna is suitable for today’s wireless applications, which need multiband and multimode small antennas. Using a small stainless-steel wire as a switch, a prototype of the antenna design is built and tested to verify the simulation findings. The suggested reconfigurable antenna’s strong concordance between simulated and measured findings

Performance Evaluation of AODV, DSR and DSDV Routing Protocols in MANET Networks

الشبكات المتنقلة المخصصة ال(MANET) هي شبكات لاسلكية متخصصة تتكون من عقد لاسلكية تتصل مع بعضها البعض لاسلكيا من دون استخدام بنية تحتية ثابتة او اي سيطرة مركزية تقوم بتحديد المسار بين العقدة المرسلة والمستلمة . في هذا النوع من الشبكات ، كل عقدة يمكن أن تتحرك دون تقييد او  تحفظ في أي اتجاه وكل عقدة تعمل بمثابة الموجه لأنها تقوم بتوجيه حركة البيانات بين  العقد أخرى. تم تصميم عدة انواع من  بروتوكولات التوجيه مثل(AODV,DSR,DSDV) لغرض توجيه البيانات  في هذا النوع من الشبكات. وفي هذه الورقة، تم تحليل الأداء للبروتوكولات التوجيه المختلفة مثل (AODV,DSR,DSDV) لغرض اختبارها وتقييمها بأستخدام  مقاييس عدة مثل الإنتاجية، نسبة تسليم البيانات بين المرسل والمستلم ومتوسط التأخير في ارسال البيانات  من طرف إلى طرف باستخدام محاكي الشبكة (NS-2). MANET is a type of ad hoc network that consists of wireless mobile node communicates with each other without using a fixed infrastructure or central administration and which establishes the route from source to destinͺation. In mobile ad-hoc netwͺork (MANET), eaͺch node can unrͺeservedly move in anͺy direction and every noͺde also aͺct as router as it foͺrward traffic for oͺther nodes.Using varioͺus routinͺg protocols sͺuch as AODV, DͺSR and DͺSDV are desigͺned for routͺing in ad hͺoc networks. In this paper, the execution examination is completed on Ad hoc On-request Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) conventions in view of measurements, for example, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Average End-to-end Delay (AED) utilizing the Network Simulator (NS-2)

Checking the Accuracy of Selected Formulae for both Clear Water and Live Bed Bridge Scour

Due to severe scouring, many bridges failed worldwide. Therefore, the safety of the existing bridge (after contrition) mainly depends on the continuous monitoring of local scour at the substructure. However, the bridge's safety before construction mainly depends on the consideration of local scour estimation at the bridge substructure. Estimating the local scour at the bridge piers is usually done using the available formulae. Almost all the formulae used in estimating local scour at the bridge piers were derived from laboratory data. It is essential to test the performance of proposed local scour formulae using field data. In this study, the performance of selected bridge scours estimation formulae was validated and statistically tested using field data for existing bridges in Canada, Iraq (Kufa, Najaf), Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. The validated formulae were HEC-18, Forehlich, and Johnson. The validation was conducted by comparing the predicted local scour depths obtained from applying the above selected formulae with the local scour depths obtained from the field data. The comparison between them was presented using a scattergram. However,  statistical tests were used to present the accuracy of the local scour predictions. The tests were conducted using three statistical indices, namely, Theil’s coefficient (U), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Among the tested formulae, the Jonson formula gave satisfactory performance since the values of U, MAE, and RMSE were found to be 0.112, 1.351, and 1.650, respectively.  

The prepositions and their phonetic and semantic effect in the Quranic context: Aa applied grammatical study in the first quarter of the holy Quran

Prepositions in general are used to represent, disclose and express ideas as they are closely related to clarifying the significance of the context in all its forms. The study of their meanings is of great importance to grammarians and commentators. Therefore, the interpretation of the meaning of these prepositions need from the researcher to go deeper to reveal how to be used to give the desired meaning، and then elicit the required result and the intended purpose as well. These facts inspired the researcher to select the current study under the title (Prepositions and their verbal and moral impact in the Qur’anic context - a semantic grammatical study on the first quarter of the Holy Qur’an). This study, therefore, dealt with the verbal and moral impact of prepositions in the context of the Holy Qur’an in the selected verses that have been chosen from the first quarter, in which these prepositions were mentioned. The purpose behind choosing the first quarter of the Holy Qur’an was that because it contains the most preposition types as well as the jurisprudent perspective، doctrinal، and ethical rulings that are the basic foundations of human life. Also because of the impact it contains in clarifying the aesthetics of the context and Qur’anic expression، which thus led to enriching the moral connotations that are one of the aspects of the miracle of the Holy Qur’an. Finally, extracting the final result of those prepositions that were mentioned in the first quarter of the Holy Qur’an in terms of their usage. indications and the number of occurrence

Evaluation of efficacy of pregabalin as premedication for post-operative analgesia in open appendicectomy

Background: Pregabalin is gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) structural analogue, effectively used in management of different neuropathic pain, incisional and inflammatory injuries. Current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin 75 mg with a placebo as premedication for post-operative analgesia in patients posted for open Appendicectomy under regional anesthesia. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 90 patients undergoing open Appendicectomy under regional anesthesia. The patients were divided in two groups of 45 each: group C (placebo); group P (75 mg pregabalin), drug was administered orally 60 minutes before surgery. The Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) was used for assessment of sedation and the visual analog scale (VAS) was used to determine pain at rest and cough, along with assessment of time required for rescue analgesics on the first post-operative day. Results: The RSS scores were significantly higher in groups P as compared to the controls (p<0.001). Postoperative VAS scores for pain both at rest and on cough were significantly reduced in group P (p<0.001). Rescue analgesic consumption decreased significantly in group P (p<0.001). The time at which first dose of rescue analgesia administered was 4.50±3.04 hours in group C, 10.90±5.37 hours in group P (p<0.001). Conclusions: Pregabalin as premedication prolong the postoperative analgesia in addition to decreased consumption of analgesics

Model Reduction for Non-linear Protein Translation Pathways Using Slow and Fast Subsystems

This paper reviews the mechanisms of miRNA model where mathematical models of miRNA translation are suggested to describe the dynamics of protein synthesis. In this regard, we use the idea of quasi steady state approximation (QSSA) for separating model equations into slow and fast subsystems. This separation is based on a proper scaling that we have used in this study. The suggested technique provides one to minimize the model elements and gives some analytical approximate solutions. Accordingly, the equation of slow manifold can be calculated from the simplified model. The slow manifold is sufficiently close to the analytical solutions when the slow-fast parameter becomes smaller. We apply three types of model coefficient analysis including, elasticity coefficients, flux control coefficients and concentration control coefficients. These techniques have three main goals. The first goal quantifies the sensitivity of reaction rates to the change of concentrations or parameters. The second goal is to measure the change of a flux along model pathways in response to a change in model reaction rates. The third goal is to calculate the change of concentrations while responding to a change in reaction rates

Effect of adding different concentrations of mix-oil solution to drinking water of broiler chickens Ross 308 and breeders at elevated temperatures on productive performance

Background: The mix-oil solution added to broiler drinking water was tested at Al-Anwar Poultry Station in Babil Governorate, Iraq, from 10/7/2022 to 14/8/2022.Methods: 300 Ross 308 broiler chicks, one day old and unsexed, A cohort of chicks, possessing an average mass of 40 g, were subjected to random allocation into five distinct treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice, with each replicate consisting of 20 chicks. and given mix-oil in their drinking water from day one: T1: control. T2: 0.25 ml MIX-OIL L-1, T3: 0.50, T4: 0.75, T5: 1. The experimental birds received 28–35–28 c.Results: Treatment T5 and all addition treatments outperformed the control treatment in live weight (p < 0.01). Total weight gain was significantly better for treatment T5 (p < 0.01) than T1 and T4, but not significantly different. T3, T2.The total consumption rate was much higher (p < 0.01). The T3 therapy outperformed all other added therapies.The T5 treatment had a "significant" improvement in total feed conversion coefficient (p < 0.01) over the T4 treatment, but not the control treatment.The addition treatments had 11.66% fewer deaths than the control treatment (p < 0.05).Conclusion: High temperatures can reduce spent feed, increase the growth of harmful bacteria, and infect the digestive system, affecting broiler performance. However, adding a balanced mixture of highly concentrated fatty acids can reduce bacteria growth and numbers, increasing intestinal cell activity and surface area. It enhances nutrition uptake and boosts broiler output in heat stress

Predicting Study by some New Serum and Urinary Biomarkers for The Diagnosis of Lupus Nephritis in SLE Patients in Kerbela Province

Background: As a common side effect of SLE, lupus nephritis is an immunological complex glomerular nephritis (GN). Its pathogenesis involves a number of pathogenic pathways. The increased incidence of ESRD emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis in this challenging to control disease with unpredictable course that is caused by multiple combinations of genetic variants that compromise those mechanisms normally assuring immune tolerance to nuclear auto antigens. Aim of study: This study aimed to Measuring Level Urinary Epidermal Growth Factor (UEGF) in urine, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated Lipocaline (NG- AL) and measuring the level of complement (C1q, C3, C4) in serum for Lupus Nephritis patients by using ELISA method, this research included eighty female patients with SLE. Methodology: A cross section study of patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus was conducted. Imam AL Hasan Al Mujtaba Hospital in Karbala city during period from November 2022 to March 2023. Results: The findings of the present investigation have demonstrated a considerable reduction of UEGF concentration in Sever Lupus nephritis group, compeer with Moderate Lupus nephritis and other organ SLE group, the mean of UEGF was (145.97±45.55 ng/L) (195.78±60.38 ng/L) (339.15±85.59ng/L) respectively. The findings of this study have demonstrated a considerable rise in NGAL concentration in Sever Lupus nephritis group, compeer with Moderate Lupus nephritis and other organ SLE group, the mean of NGAL was (1027.53± 259.01 ng/ml) (768.82± 228.8) (715.89± 173.9 ng/ml) respectively. The findings of the current investigation showed a negligible decline in C1q in Sever Lupus nephritis group, compeer with Moderate Lupus nephritis and other organ SLE group, the mean of C1q was (8.04± 8.93 μg/ml) (8.44± 1.46 μg/ml) (9.43± 2.52 μg/ml) respectively. The result of C3 show un-Significant reduction in the concentration in the Sever Lupus Nephritis Patients compeer with Moderate Lupus nephritis and other organ SLE, The Mean concentration of C3 (0.79± 0.36 g/l) (0.85± 0.47g/l) (1.04± 0.35g/l) respectively. And the mean concentration of C4 as show un-Significant reduction in the concentration in the Sever Lupus Nephritis Patients compeer with Moderate Lupus nephritis and other organ SLE, The Mean concentration of C4 (0.14± 0.1g/l) (0.31± 0.17g/l) (0.38± 0.2g/l) respectively. Conclusions: Decrease both the level of UEGF expression and urinary excretion after kidney injury and the level of the complement system is a major factor in lupus nephritis-related kidney damage and Increase Neutrophil gelatinase-associated Lipocaline (NGAL) can serve as an early indicator for the diagnosis of acute renal damage