Characteristics of Air Impingement From an Orifice on a Target Plate

The present work is an experimental and numerical CFD study of air impingement from orifices of different sizes in the range of (10-40) mm with a step increase of 10 mm. The impinging jet strikes the target plate at the stagnation point, converted to a wall jet beyond the stagnation zone in the outward radial direction on the target plate. Measurements of pressure coefficient (Cp) at points in plate centre and other points in the radial direction from stagnation point on the target plate show that pressure coefficients reduces gradually in the outward direction reflecting the same behavior of velocity distribution of the impinging jet ..The calculated average values of the pressure coefficients Cpavg on the total target plate area are reduced as the target plate – orifice distance is increased and its values are in the range of 0.3-0.7 with the higher jet velocity having the greater value of Cpavg for the tested axial distances in the range of 50-120 mm. Average pressure coefficient for different axial distances are calculated and are in the range of 0.4-0.6 with the higher values are noticed to be for the smaller tested orifice sizes reflecting a concentration of pressures for the small sizes of the orifice. This concentration of pressure of small orifices is attributed to the flow condition of the small orifice relative to the big orifice size where the presence of cross flow within the stagnation region of big orifice sizes tends to reduce static pressures and reduce peak heat transfer coefficients, this cross flow is confirmed by the velocity analysis using CFD numerical analysis zone at the stagnation zone. The percentages of the wall jet relative to the impinging jet velocities are discussed, where smaller orifice sizes are shown to have greater velocity percentages especially at the higher tested jet velocities

Recurrent Neural Networks for Modeling Motion Capture Data

This thesis introduces a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) framework as a generative model for synthesizing human motion capture data. The skeleton model of the data used is a complex human skeleton model with 64 joints, resulting in a total of 192 degrees-of-freedom, which makes our data nearly three times as complex as in previous approaches of applying neural networks on motion capture data. The RNN model can generates good quality and novel human motion sequences that can, at times, be difficult to visually distinguish from real motion capture data, which demonstrates the ability of RNNs to analyze long and very high-dimensional sequences. Additionally, the synthesized motion sequences show strong inter-joint correspondence and extending up to 250 frames. The quality of the motion and its accuracy is analyzed quantitatively through various metrics that evaluate inter-joint relationships and temporal joint correspondence

Temperature Impact in Electromagnetic Non-Invasive Water/Oil/Gas Multiphase Real Time Monitoring

The measurement of the reflected S-parameter (S11) for multiphase (liquid-liquid-gas) 10-60% water, 70-20% oil and 20% gas (air) in volume are monitored using an electromagnetic microwave resonation method at a frequency range of 1-6 GHz. The measurements were examined at variable temperature ranges from 5-60 oC that were stepped by 5 oC. Clear shifts are observed in three resonant peaks of the S-parameter measurements as a volume fraction of mixture constituents. These are changed by 10% per step. The two frequency type (horizontal) S11 shifts take place at main (4 GHz frequency) and around 5 GHz frequency resonant peaks and one power type (vertical) shift at 5.45 GHz frequency resonant peak. When the temperature is held constant, the S11 values for all resonant peaks increase as WVF (water volume fraction) in the mixture increases. When WVF is held constant, the values of S11 increase as the temperature increases for around 5 GHz, 5.45 GHz frequency peaks and decreases for main peak. The results are validated by HFSS simulation executed for all tested volume fractions at 5 and 60 oC. For verification, a complete simulation is carried out at 40-40-20 percent of water-oil-gas and compared with experimental results at 5 oC intervals from 5-60 oC. The experimental results agreed well with theoretical predictions that simulated the HFSS software package with a maximum error of 1.91% for 5 oC mixtures and 1.13% for 60 oC mixtures at the main peak and 5.4% for 5 oC mixtures and 6.01% for 60 oC mixtures at 5.45 GHz peak. The study shows that the S11 measurements can be used as a dependent method to specify both the phase fraction of the multiphase mixture as well as its salinity and temperature

Serovalue of hydatid disease in Baghdad

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a one major species of medical and public health importance which causes cystic echinococcosis.Hydatid disease is able to modulate antiparasite immune responses, persist and flourish in humans. Objective: The main objective of this study is to diagnostic value for hydatidosis and to identify the prevalence in human in two different areas of Baghdad city which include urban and rural areas. Evaluating hydatid fluid antigen and hydatid cyst wall antigen for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis(CE). preparation ELISA kit for detecting specific antibodies in patients and relative sera is considered as an important step in determining the recurrent case after surgical operation. Patients and Methods: Fifty patients infected with hydatidosis , One-hundred and seven relatives’ patients and Thirty patients’ follow-up. NAJAT-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and NAJAT-latex test for the Immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis of human hydatid disease by detecting the specific antibodies in patients. Results: hydatidosis in females was the same as in the males. One-hundred and seven relatives’ patients. In rural area the seroprevalence were 12 male cases and 4 female cases ,While in urban area 5male cases,5 female cases,respectively. Thirty patients’ follow-up four patients developed recurrences at 3-7 months postoperatively. Conclusion: In relatives’ patients no statistically significant differences in the frequency between both sexes. But a highly statistically significant differences (p=0.05) were shown between hydatidosis infected persons in relation to area(urban area,rural area). There were no significant differences in the rates seropositive case for different occupations(p=0.05). NAJAT-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and NAJAT-latex test appeared to be a useful confirmatory tests with specific antigens represent good candidates for the Immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis of human hydatid disease by detecting the specific antibodies in patients

Iterative solution of the fractional Wu-Zhang equation under Caputo derivative operator

In this study, we employ the effective iterative method to address the fractional Wu-Zhang Equation within the framework of the Caputo Derivative. The effective iterative method offers a practical approach to obtaining approximate solutions for fractional differential equations. We seek to provide insights into its solution and behavior by applying this method to the Wu-Zhang Equation. Through numerical analysis and the presentation of relevant tables and Figures, we demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this method in solving the fractional Wu-Zhang Equation. This research contributes to the understanding and solution of fractional-order differential equations and their applications in various scientific and engineering domains

Physical characterization and in vitro evaluation of some generic medications available in pharma market of United Arab Emirates (UAE)

This study is the first attempt in UAE to prove the trustworthiness of the in vitro evaluation to assess the reliability of the generic medications comparing to the brand name. Five generic medicines, two Local (codes: L1, L2), three Arabic (codes: A1, A2 and A3) and the International brand (code: I1) of diclofenac sodium (DS) sustained release tablets, as a model product, was collected randomly from the UAE pharma market. The products were characterized by physical parameters including weight variation, thickness, friability, hardness and moisture content. The in vitro release study was conducted in simulated gastric medium (0.1 N HCl, pH 1.2) for 2 h and simulated intestinal medium (phosphate buffer pH 6.8) for 9 h using type II (paddle type) USP reference dissolution apparatus. The drug was assayed by using UV spectrophotometry at 277 nm. Different kinetics models were applied to drug release data in order to evaluate mechanism of drug release. Physical properties of all products compiled with the acceptable limits. However moisture content was higher than the standard value in the generic products except the brand. All the products succeed to fulfill their official requirement of 80 % drug release within 8 h, in simulated intestinal medium except A3. Zero order release kinetics was predominant for al L2 and the International brand while more data fitting to Hixson- Crowell kinetics was obtained with the L1 and A1, A2 and A3. The results of our study question the suitability of the generic products as a replacement for the branded product. Therefore, we strongly suggest that evaluation on the marketed samples has to be made in order to establish bioequivalency between the branded and the generic products.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Screening the growth inhibition mechanism of sulfate reducing bacteria by chitosan/lignosulfonate nanocomposite (CS@LS) in seawater media

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) induced biofilm formation is a global industrial concern due to its role in the development of microbial-induced corrosion (MIC). Herein, we have developed a biodegradable chitosan/lignosulfonate nanocomposite (CS@LS) as an efficient green biocide for the inhibition of SRBs biofilms. We investigated in detail the inhibition mechanism of SRBs by CS@LS in seawater media. Stable CS@LS-1:1 with 150–200 nm average size, and zeta potential of + 34.25 mV was synthesized. The biocidal performance of CS@LS was evaluated by sulfate reduction profiles coupled with analysis of extracted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. As the nanocomposite concentration was increased from 50 to 500 µg/mL, the specific sulfate reduction rate (SSRR) decreased from 0.278 to 0.036 g-sulfate/g-VSS*day showing a relative sulfate reduction inhibition of 86.64% as compared to that of control. Similarly, the specific organic uptake rate (SOUR) decreased from 0.082 to 0.039 0.036 g-TOC/g-VSS*day giving a relative co-substrate oxidation inhibition of 52.19% as compared to that of control. The SRBs spiked with 500 µg/mL CS@LS showed a reduction in cell viability to 1.5 × 106 MPN/mL. To assess the biosafety of the nanocomposite on the marine biota, the 72-hours acute toxicity assays using zebrafish embryo model revealed that the LC50 for the CS@LS was 103.3 µg/mL. Thus, CS@LS can be classified as environment friendly. The nanocomposite showed long-term stability and excellent antibacterial properties against SRBs growth and is thus potentially useful for combating the problems of biofilm growth in harsh marine and aquatic environments.The authors are grateful for the financial support from NPRP grant (NPRP8-286-02-118) from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The findings achieved herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. The authors are thankful to J. Ponraj, M Helal, and M. Pasha at the Core lab of QEERI/HBKU, Doha, Qatar for TEM and SEM analysis, respectively. Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library