EVALUATION OFANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-ACNE ACTIVITIES (IN-VITRO) OF THE FORMULATED HERBAL GELS

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-acne activities (in-vitro) of the formulated herbal gels. Methods: Herbal extracts and volatile oils were prepared and procured. Preliminary screenings for the anti-oxidant and anti-acne activities (in-vitro) were carried out to select the suitable candidates for the preparation of anti-acne herbal gels. Gels were further evaluated for the activities. Results: The herbal gel (F2) containing the herbal extracts (Azadirachtaindica, Ocmium sanctum, Curcuma longa) each (1%) and volatile oils (Melaleucaalternifoliae, Salviaesclareae and Citrus sinensis) each (0.05%) showed maximum anti-oxidant activity (IC50 value 0.407 mg) amongst all four gels. Significant anti-acne activity against P. acne and S. epidermidis was showed by F2 when compared with the marketed synthetic gel (Clindac gel). Conclusion: The study proves that the herbal actives used in the formulation have promising anti-oxidant and anti-acne activity

The teacher and the government

When we think about the teacher, images of students, classrooms and schools spring up in the mind. We talk about the number of students the teacher teaches, the furniture and teaching aids in the classroom, the type of school, small or large, and the like. These we understand as the context in which the teacher works, and we are aware that the context influences the manner in which the teacher teaches. We are also aware that the curriculum, the textbooks, the pupil evaluation system, the teacher’s training as well as the background of the students have a profound influence on the teacher’s approach and conduct of the teaching-learning process

Development, characterization and evaluation of herbal ointment containing momordica charantia, pongamia glabra and piper nigrum

Objective: The objective of present study was the development, characterization and evaluation of poly-herbal ointment formulation of pongamia glabra, piper nigrum and momordica charantia extract. Plant derived substances and herbal medicines have recently attracted the great interest towards their versatile application. Medicinal plants are the richest source of bioactive compounds used in traditional and modern medicine. The ointment formulation of plant extract has a sound approach to develop a poly-herbal ointment. The poly-herbal ointment formulation was evaluated for its physicochemical parameters like color, odor, pH, spreadability, extrudability, consistency, diffusibility, solubility, washability and stability. Materials and methods: Extract of all three plants has been separated by the soxhlet extraction. Poly-herbal ointment has been prepared by mixing the extract of momordica charantia, pongamia glabra and piper nigrum with wool fat, Cetostearyl alcohol and paraffin. Results and conclusion: Physicochemical evaluation shows that the poly-herbal ointment fulfilled the criteria as herbal formulation and irritancy test also performed indicate the effectiveness and efficacy of prepared ointment formulations. The poly-herbal ointment formulations were also evaluated for its stability at various temperature conditions which shows no change in the irritancy, spreadability and diffusion study. Thus it could become a medium to use the medicinal properties of extracts effectively and easily as a simple dosage form. Keywords: Momordica charantia, pongamia glabra, piper nigrum, ointment, Cetostearyl alcohol

Wound healing prospective of pongamia glabra, piper nigrum and momordica charantia on albino rats using anemic burn wound model

Objective: The objective of present work was to evaluate wound healing potential of pongamia glabra, piper nigrum and momordica charantia using as herbal ointment formulation on albino rats using burn wound model.  All the plant has the rich source of alkaloid, glycoside, tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids content and were used as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-malarial and having wound healing potential. Materials and Methods: Extract of all three plants has been separated by the Soxhlet extraction. Herbal ointment formulation has been prepared by mixing the extract of momordica charantia, pongamia glabra and piper nigrum with the wool fat and paraffin. Burn wound model has been utilized for the evaluation of wound healing potential. Histopathological evaluation has been also carried-out for the physical verification wound healing potential. Results and Conclusion: The studies on burn wound healing model reveals that all twelve groups showed decreased wound area on the time and there was no mortality observed in the course of study. Discussion: These studies have indicated that herbal ointment formulation of pongamia glabra, piper nigrum and momordica charantia has been utilized for wound healing and it is safer for topical application. No toxicity and mortality have been observed during the experimental tenure.  Keywords: Wound healing, momordica charantia, pongamia glabra, piper nigrum, burn wound mode

Extraction of Momordica charantia, Pongamia glabra and Piper nigrum: Qualitative and Quantitative assessment

Objective: The objective of present work was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative assessment of momordica charantia, pongamia glabra and piper nigrum extract for the natural product present in them. These plants were having the rich source of alkaloid, glycoside, tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids and were used as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-malarial and having wound healing potential. Materials and Methods: Extract of all three plants has been separated by the process of Soxhlet extraction. The extract of momordica charantia, pongamia glabra and piper nigrum evaluated for qualitative and quantitative measurement of alkaloid, glycoside, tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids content. Different solvent is used for the extraction of content includes petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, alcoholic and distilled water. Results and Conclusion: Preliminary Phytochemical screening was performed for extracts of Momordica charantia fruits (FMC), Pongamia glabra (LPG) and Piper nigrum fruits (FPN). Identification test on extracts was shown the sign of alkaloid, glycoside, tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids content. Discussion: All results indicates that extracts of Momordica charantia fruits (FMC), Pongamia glabra (LPG) and Piper nigrum fruits (FPN) having a rich source of Glycosides, alkaloid and flavonoid content. Keywords: momordica charantia, pongamia glabra, piper nigrum, glycosides, flavonoid, extraction

ETIOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF MOST COMMON DIGESTIVE DISORDER AJIRNA (INDIGESTION)

Ayurveda consider Health and Disease both as the products of food and life style. Today when population is moving with modernization in the 21st century a lot of new diseases emerge out due to faulty life style, improper diet and unhealthy food lack of exercise, mental stress and sleep all are disturbs the biological clock of human being and produce many new life style diseases. Ajirna is the one of the most common disease which is originate from digestive insufficiency (Agni) due to all above factors of modern Era. Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine, deals with management and prevention of disease. Ayurveda has given prime importance to Agni as it is one of the basic biological elements of the living body.Its own physical characteristics, location and function and secretions like digestive juices and enzymes which participate in the digestive and metabolic functions. Therefore, Ayurveda considers Dehagni as the cause of life, Complexion, Strength, Health, Oja, Teja (energy) and Prana. Ayurveda consider that no disease ever be develop without the derangement of Agni. Ajirna arises as a result of less, excessive and irregular digestion of food and long term of this situation production of Amadosa and circulate all over the body. Further Amadosa combined with other Dosas and Dushyas vitiated them and produce many diseases. Preventive measures like Dincharya, Ratricharya, Ritucharya, Sadvrita and Pathya palana Dasvidhsbhojana Grahan Niyam are the preventive measure for Ajirn in Ayurveda

Efficient synthesis of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles and their screening for antimicrobial activity

Now days, the development of safe, cost effective, reliable and eco-friendly processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is an important aspect of nanotechnology. Among the various agents, plants show immense potential for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The bio-molecules found in plants induce reduction of Ag+ ions from silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); therefore, in the present work, the aqueous leaves extract of the plant was used as reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. We synthesized extracellular silver nanoparticles using extract of the leaves of four different medicinal plants which act as a reducing agent at room temperature. The characteristic color change was observed on addition of plant extract to the silver nitrate solution due to their specific properties (Surface Plasmon Resonance). UV-Vis spectroscopy was used for the characterization of the silver nanoparticles. Green synthesized nanoparticles are evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as two pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Curvularia lunata. The silver nanoparticles (SNPs) of selected plant parts have shown more toxicity towards bacterial species than that of the fungal species. Comparing with simple plant extracts, the SNPs exhibited greater antimicrobial efficacy and advantage over conventional antibiotics to which these microorganisms usually impart resistance

Toxicity assessment of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica

The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica in Charles foster rats through an acute and sub-acute oral administration.For assessment of acute oral toxicity test, ratswere orally treated with single dose of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica at the doses of 50, 250, 500, 1000 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, using the OECD guidelines no. 407, the extract was administered at the doses of 50, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days and at the dose of 2000 mg/kg satellite group also used for 6 weeks.In acute toxicity above mentioned doses neither showed mortality nor exterior signs of toxicity. In sub-acute, study no significant changes found in haematological and biochemical level ofthe treated rat after 14 days and 28 days in comparison to control. The histopathology of rat brain, kidney, liver, and heart also showed the no cellular changes after extract treated rat.The alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica was found non-toxic in single drug dose administration up to 5000 mg/kg (acute study) and in sub-acute administration up to 2000 mg/kg

Seasonal changes in reproductive cycle of female fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson) from river Gomti, Lucknow (India)

The present study was conducted on the experimental animals, Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson) (Crustacea: Decapoda) to analyze the seasonal changes in reproductive cycle of female, found at different locations in river Gomti (26°55´; 80°59´ E), in and around Lucknow (U.P. India). The reproductive activities were found in cyclic manner in M.dayanum, which breeds continuously throughout the year but with two distinct peaks one major in the month of May-July and one minor in the month of January – Feburary. Five stages of Oogenesis i.e. proliferative, meiotic, previtellogenic, vitellogenic and resorbtion or atretic oocyte phase have been recorded in M. dayanum. Mature ova were noticed in two peaks i.e. major in month of July – August and September and minor in months of February and March. Histoarchitecture of hepatopancreas showed seasonal changes in accordance with the gonadal development. The reproductive cycle of M.dayanum is reported for the first time and very little work is known on the seasonal changes with respect to reproduction and its correlation with hepatopancreas