Effect of explant plant source and acetosyringone concentration on transformation efficiency of wheat cultivars

Gene introduction into crop plants through genetic manipulation is a better alternative to conventional breeding for the improvement of stress tolerance. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation offers precise integration of genes into the genome with enhanced transgene stability. There are a number of factors which influence the rate of genetic transformation. The theme of this study is to exploit the explant source and acetosyringone concentration for the efficient development of Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery system in wheat cultivars Inqilab 91 and Chakwal 97. Seedlings, mature embryos and calli used as explant sources for transformation in both the cultivars showed positive response. It was further observed that mature embryos produced maximum transformation efficiencies of 40.0 and 36.25% with 37.5 and 31.03% of regeneration frequencies of transgenic plants for Chakwal 97 and Inqilab 91, respectively. Seedlings produced 33.75 and 27.5% while calli produced 26.25 and 22.5% transformation efficiencies for both the cultivars. Acetosyringone concentration is also a limiting factor in transformation experiments especially in the case of cereals crop. Different concentrations of acetosyringone were used at the time of co-cultivation for optimization of the transformation protocol and maximum transformation efficiencies of 52.44 and 47.56% were obtained with 50 μM of acetosyringone from the cultivars Chakwal 97 and Inqilab 91, respectively.Key words: Wheat, agrobacterium, transformation, explant, acetosyringone

Role of non-timber forest products in sustaining forest-based livelihoods and rural households' resilience capacity in and around protected area- a Bangladesh study

People in developing world derive a significant part of their livelihoods from various forest products, particularly non-timber forest products. This article attempts to explore the contribution of NTFPs in sustaining forest-based rural livelihood in and around a protected area of Bangladesh, and their potential role in enhancing households resilience capacity. Based on empirical investigation our study revealed that, local communities gather a substantial amount of NTFPs from national park despite the official restrictions. 27 percent households of the area received at least some cash benefit from the collection, processing and selling of NTFPs, and NTFPs contribute as HHs primary, supplementary and emergency sources of income. NTFPs also constituted an estimated 19 percent of HHs net annual income, and were the primary occupation for about 18 percent of the HHs. HHs dependency on nearby forests for various NTFPs varied vis-a-vis their socio-economic condition as well as with their location from the park. Based on our case study the article also offers some clues for improving the situation in PA.Comment: To appear in Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 201

Empirical model for terengganu forward scatter radar seaside clutter with UHF band

No Abstract

Enhanced regeneration in explants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with the treatment of coconut water

A standardized protocol was developed to enhance the in vitro regeneration efficiency of five varieties of tomato from hypocotyls and leaf disc with the involvement of coconut water. Different concentrations of IAA and kinetin were used alone and in combination with 12% of coconut water.Significant differences for regeneration, time taken to regenerate and number of leaf primordial were observed for different treatments, type of explant, use of coconut water and also among varieties. Higher regeneration was obtained in Avinash followed by Roma and Rio Grande. Maximum regeneration 95.75% was obtained with 0.5 mgL-1 of IAA, 1.5 mgL-1 Kinetin along with 12% coconut water in Avinash and hypocotyl was proved to be better for regeneration than leaf discs. The inclusionof coconut water in the media significantly reduced the number of days taken for callus induction leading to regeneration, as compared to media without coconut water. Significant increase in number of shoot primordial was observed in hypocotyls as well as in leaf disc derived calli with the addition of coconut water. Plants obtained were transferred to the glass house in small pots of compost and higher frequency of survival was observed from plantlets obtained with the addition of coconut water

Fixed point results using Ft-contractions in ordered metric spaces having t-property

In this paper, we prove the existence of fixed points of Ft-contraction mappings in partially ordered metric spaces not necessarily complete. We require that the ordered metric space has the t-property, which is a new concept introduced recently by Rashid et.al. We also give some examples to illustrate the new concepts and obtained results.The publication of this article was funded by the Qatar National Library

Pakistan human resources for health assessment, 2009

Pakistan faces a human resources for health (HRH) crisis. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to overview frontline health workers. A total of 750 health facilities were surveyed across Pakistan. The median estimate of public sector health care workers in the district health system in Pakistan is 417 288, including 46 153 estimate of public sector health care workers in the district health system in Pakistan is 417 288, including 46 153 doctors and 41 032 nurses. Another estimated 20 000 doctors work in public sector tertiary care hospitals across the country. A total of 3549 health care workers were interviewed regarding job satisfaction and work environment. The private sector had better work environment scores compared with the public sector. Policy dimensions showed an absence of robust policies in practice. The public sector is inadequately staffed and job satisfaction and work environment need improvement. HRH crisis countries should share experiences, and developmental partners should support them in overcoming the HRH crisis

Indirect Extrusion: A Multifaceted Approach of Sub-surface Tubular Expansion

Extrusion and indirect extrusion is a very old manufacturing process used in multitudes of applications mainly focused on transportation, household and power industries. Indirect extrusion has found an interesting application in petroleum industry, which resulted in resolving many unsolvable issues over the last few decades. The current and expected future global demand for hydrocarbons became a driving force for researchers to find new comprehensive and cheaper solutions for hydrocarbon production. The challenges faced in oil and gas fields, while drilling, constructing and operating new and old vertical/horizontal wells, are many. The use of indirect extrusion for in-situ expansion of sub-surface tubulars used in wells revolutionized the drilling and completion as opposed to one and half decade back. The emergence of solid expandable tubular technology has changed the basics of how we design and construct wells. The original development of the technology was to overcome the challenges faced by the petroleum industry to reach ultra-deep reservoirs, off-shore drilling, drilling in high-pressure/difficult zones and repair/maintenance of old/ageing wells. However, it gained significant interest of researchers and operators in providing solutions to wide-range problems. The development of a computational framework using finite element method (FEM) enabled to determine the force required for expansion and resulting dimensional changes in final product, which is of direct assistance to the field engineers. The effect of friction and stress variations along contact surface is also determined

Commercial cultivation by farmers of medicinal plants in Northern Bangladesh

Medicinal plants (MPs) are an important component of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), which are traditionally used in healthcare and source of livelihood all over the world. In an over-populated country like Bangladesh, the pressure on natural forests is immense; thus the cultivation of MPs can significantly contribute towards improving the livelihood of poor people, reducing the pressure on natural forests and enhancing biological diversity. Notwithstanding the growing recognition of its importance and economic and ecological potential, there has been little research on MPs, especially the cultivation, management and marketing aspects, in Bangladesh. Based on extensive fieldwork in a northern district of Bangladesh, this study explores various aspects of the cultivation, management and marketing of MPs. How collective efforts have brought economic and social benefits to communities was also examined in this study. It assesses the major processes and elements of management, identifies key problems and challenges and indicates ways of maximizing the potential of this important sector. The issues covered in this research include: farmers ’ perceptions and experiences; existing research and policy-making processes related to the MP sector; constraining factors (such as lack of processing technology, inadequate transportation, logistics, financial and storage infrastructure, lack of institutional capacity); markets, finance and networking; land use; pattern of livelihood and value chain issue

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste: Effects of Pyrolysis Parameters

Burning municipal solid waste (MSW) increases CO2, CH4, and SO2 emissions, leading to an increase in global warming, encouraging governments and researchers to search for alternatives. The pyrolysis process converts MSW to oil, gas, and char. This study investigated catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis of MSW to produce oil using MgO-based catalysts. The reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and catalyst support were evaluated. Magnesium oxide was supported on active carbon (AC) and Al2O3 to assess the role of support in MgO catalyst activity. The liquid yields varied from 30 to 54 wt% based on the experimental conditions. For the noncatalytic pyrolysis experiment, the highest liquid yield was 54 wt% at 500 °C. The results revealed that adding MgO, MgO/Al2O3, and MgO/AC declines the liquid yield and increases the gas yield. The catalysts exhibited significant deoxygenation activity, which enhances the quality of the pyrolysis oil and increases the heating value of the bio-oil. Of the catalysts that had high deoxygenation activity, MgO/AC had the highest relative yield. The loading of MgO/AC varied from 5 to 30 wt% of feed to the pyrolysis reactor. As the catalyst load increases, the liquid yield declines, while the gas and char yields increase. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).