Democracy in Islamic political thought

This paper surveys the growth and various phases of and influences on the concept of democracy in the Islamic political thought of the last two centuries. Among the thinkers covered in the survey are Rifa'a Tahtawi (1801-73), Khairuddin at-Tunis (1810-99), Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani (1838-97), Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905), Abdurrahman al-Kawakibi (1849-1903), Rashid Rida (1865-1935), Hasan al-Banna (1904-49), Ali Abd Ar-Raziq (1888-1966), Sayyid Qutb (1906-66), Sa'id Hawwa, and Malik Bennabi (1905-73). Reference is made to the influence of Sayyid Mawdudi (1903-79), on the thought of Sayyid Qutb. The paper traces also the bearing of Bennabi's thought on Rachid Ghannouchi and on the Islamic movements of our times

Chick PTPσ regulates the targeting of retinal axons within the optic tectum

Chick PTP (cPTP), also known as CRYP, is a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase found on axons and growth cones. Putative ligands for cPTP are distributed within basement membranes and on glial end feet of the retina, optic nerve, and optic tectum, suggesting that cPTP signaling is occurring along the whole retinotectal pathway. We have shown previously that cPTP plays a role in supporting the retinal phase of axon outgrowth. Here we have now addressed the role of cPTP within retinal axons as they undergo growth and topographic targeting in the optic tectum. With the use of retroviruses, a secretable cPTP ectodomain was ectopically expressed in ovo in the developing chick optic tectum, with the aim of directly disrupting the function of endogenous cPTP. In ovo, the secreted ectodomains accumulated at tectal sites in which cPTP ligands are also specifically found, suggesting that they are binding to these endogenous ligands. Anterograde labeling of retinal axons entering these optic tecta revealed abnormal axonal phenotypes. These included the premature stalling and arborization of fibers,excessive pretectal arbor formation, and diffuse termination zones. Most of the defects were rostral of the predicted termination zone, indicating that cPTP function is necessary for sustaining the growth of retinal axons over the optic tectum and for directing axons to their correct sites of termination. This demonstrates that regulation of cPTP signaling in retinal axons is required for their topographic mapping, the first evidence of this function for a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase in the retinotectal projection

Pusat alumni UPM anjur siri syarahan “Pak Rashid the Che’gu”

SERDANG, 25 Julai – Pusat Alumni, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) menganjurkan Siri Syarahan Yayasan Pak Rashid “Pak Rashid the Che’gu” bagi mengiktirafkan peranan alumni dalam melonjakkan UPM dan mengeratkan hubungan strategik antara alumni dan alma mater

KONSEP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA MASA HARUN AR-RASYID DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA ERA MILENIAL

ABSTRAK Konsep pendidikan Islam adalah sebuah ide, gagasan yang dirancang dalam pendidikan Islam untuk dapat membentuk peserta didik memiliki kepribadian yang berakhlakul karimah berdasarkan al-Qur‟an dan Hadist. Krisis nya akhlak menjadi suatu permasalahan bagi bangsa dan kehidupan manusia, karena kurangnya pembinaan terhadap diri sendiri dari faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. adanya tujuan dan manfaat penelitian ini untuk menganalisis konsep pendidikan Islam pada masa Harun Ar-Rasyid., mendeskripsikan pembinaan karakter peserta didik dalam proses pendidikan Islam pada masa Harun Ar-Rasyid, menjadi bahan rujukan dan pembelajaran bagi penelitian yang akan datang dan terkait serta relevan, menjadi dan memberikan rujukan dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan Islam yang lebih efektif melalui metode yang efisien, menunjukan adanya relevansi pendidikan Islam di masa khalifah Harun Ar-Rasyid dengan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia Era Milenial, membuktikan bahwa adanya relevansi pendidikan Islam di Indonesia Era Milenial dengan pendidikan Islam di masa Harun Ar�Rasyid. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library, peneliti menggunakam metode analisis data, yaitu analisis historis yang dapat menganalisis mengenai sejarah pendidikan Islam pada masa Harun Ar-Rasyid, selanjutnya menggunakan anaisis deskriptif untuk dapat menjelaskan peristiwa pada masa Harun Ar-Rasyid dalam mengembangkan pendidikan Islam hingga mencapai kejayaan, yang terakhir adalah metode ex post facto yaitu, untuk menghubungkan konsep pendidikan Islam pada masa Dinasti Abbasiyah pada kepemimpinan Harus Ar-Rasyid serta Pendidikan Islam di Era Milenial Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa konsep pendidikan Islam dalam pemikiran Harun ar-Rasyid mengarah pada pembentukan akhlak atau karakter peserta didik yaitu pertama, adanya kesiapan guru artinya seorang pendidik harus bersikap profesional serta peserta didik harus taat kepada pendidik, kedua, seorang pendidik harus mengajarkan Al-Qur‟an dan Sunnah, ketiga mengajarkan seni, keempat mengajarkan retorika yaitu pendidik dapat memberikan pembelajaran untuk dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik di dalam masyarakat sosial agar dapat disesuaikan dengan lawan biacaranya. Selanjutnya dalam penguatan karakter bangsa ada lima konsep untuk memperkuat pendidikan karakter dalam pendidikan Islam yaitu Integritas, Humanisme, Spiritualitas, Adaptability, Nasionalisme. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Islam, Harun Ar-Rasyid, Era Milenial iv ABSTRACT The concept of Islamic education is an idea, an idea designed in Islamic education to be able to form students who have good moral character based on the Qur'an and Hadith. The crisis of morality becomes a problem for the nation and human life, due to a lack of self-guidance from internal and external factors. the purpose and benefits of this research are to analyze the concept of Islamic education during the Harun Ar-Rashid era, describe the character development of students in the process of Islamic education during the Harun Ar-Rashid period, become reference and learning material for future research and are related and relevant, become and provide references in the learning process of Islamic education that is more effective through efficient methods, showing the relevance of Islamic education during the time of the caliph Harun Ar-Rasyid to Islamic Education in Millennial Era Indonesia, proving that there is relevance of Islamic education in Millennial Era Indonesia to Islamic education during the time of Harun Ar-Rashid. This study research uses the library method, researchers use data analysis methods, namely historical analysis which can analyze the history of Islamic education during the time of Harun Ar-Rashid, then use descriptive analysis to be able to explain events during the time of Harun Ar-Rashid in developing Islamic education to achieve glory , the latter is the ex post facto method, namely, to link the concept of Islamic education during the Abbasid Dynasty to the leadership of Must Ar-Rashid and Islamic Education in the Millennial Era. The results of this study research indicate that the concept of Islamic education in Harun ar-Rashid's thought leads to the formation of the morals or character of students, namely first, the readiness of the teacher means that an educator must be professional and students must obey educators, second, an educator must teach Al�Qur'an and Sunnah, the third teaches art, the fourth teaches rhetoric, namely educators can provide learning to be able to communicate well in social society so that it can be adapted to the interlocutor. Furthermore, in strengthening the nation's character, there are five concepts to strengthen character education in Islamic education, namely Integrity, Humanism, Spirituality, Adaptability, Nationalism. Keywords : Islamic Education, Harun Ar-Rasyid, Millenial Er

Biodecolourisation of acid red 27 Dye by Citrobacter freundii A1 and Enterococcus casseliflavus C1 bacterial consortium

The feasibility of Citrobacter freundii A1 and Enterococcus casseliflavus C1 bacterial consortium under sequential facultative anaerobic-aerobic treatment for complete dye degradation using AR-27 dyes shows 98% decolourisation and 100% COD removal after 72 hours treatment. Moreover, the UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic analysis confirmed that the azo linkage was cleaved after the decolourisation occurred. While, the cyclic voltammetry analysis also shows that the decolourisation of AR-27 by C. Freundii A1 and E. Casseliflavus C1 was an irreversible reaction and the detection of oxidation reaction under agitation proved the presences of AR-27 degradation process. Furthermore, the HPLC analysis has confirmed the AR-27 degradation through the decrease in catechol concentration

Prostate Cancer: Countdown to Choice between Stitch in Time and Eleventh Hour Begins

Androgen ablation therapy presumed to be an effective treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is relentlessly challenged. Remissions are impermanent and patients almost inescapably progress to become castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC is almost invincible and is the major stumbling block in the treatment. It is a dramatic shift of androgen receptor (AR) from normal activities to the oncogenesis. AR signaling is remarkably increased under an androgen-depleted environment. It utilizes a miscellany of mechanisms and pathways to compensate for the decreasing levels of androgens. These range from mutations in the receptor more like a business tactic to attract more clients, to the illegitimate crosstalks which promote the signaling. The review will encompass various mechanistic insights of the AR manipulations. Moreover efficacy of therapeutic interventions recently designed keeping in view the molecular hierarchy will be evaluated

Problems of Political Development in Bangladesh

After World War II the revival of the spirit of nationalism led to the emergence of many new states. Freed from the colonial domination, the new states were keenly interested in developing their societies as fast as possible. Many problems stand in the way of development. These problems are the problems of stability, unity, integration and socioeconomic problems. This study is concerned about the problems of political development in Bangladesh, which came into existence in 1971, as a result of the problems of of national integration in Pakistan. This study identifies some problems which stand in the way of political development in Bangladesh. These problems are: (1) the problems of integration, (2) the problems of unity and stability, (3) the lack of well-organized political parties, (4) the problems of bureaucracy, and (5) socio-economic problems. After the creation of Bangladesh it was assumed that there would be no problem of integration in Bangladesh. But an analysis of the political situations will show that problems of integration still remain, though in different character, such as the lack of integration between the elites and the mass, the lack of integrative ideology, the separatist tendency in the tribal people, etc. Absence of stability is creating problems in the effective undertaking of any developmental plan. The chief causes of instability are: factionalism, frustration of the people, threat of India, loss of charisma, etc. Too many political parties with too many ideologies stand in the way of creating a stable government. The parties do not have any organizational basis, and are based on the personality of the leader. The parties are not effective in aggregating the peoples\u27 demands and grievances. The lack of balance in the role of the bureaucracy is also a problem. On the one hand, if the bureaucrats are given more power, they hinder the growth of political institutions. On the other hand, if they are given less power, they play an inactive role hindering the execution of policies. Bangladesh suffers from both the problems of bureaucracy. The most pre-dominant problems which hamper political development in Bangladesh are socio-economic problems. The population problem, food problem, and unemployment create mass frustrations causing instability and disunity within the country. The attachment to the traditional values hinders the way of change. This study analyzes in detail all these problems and how they stand in the way of political development