Influence du diabète et de l'hypertension artérielle sur la réserve coronaire

PARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Clustering and switching processes in semantic verbal fluency in the course of Alzheimer's disease subjects: Results from the PAQUID longitudinal study.: Verbal fluency in pre-clinical AD

International audienceReduced semantic fluency performances have been reported in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate the cognitive processes underlying this early deficit, this study analyzed the verbal production of predemented subjects for the animals category with the qualitative parameters related to clustering (i.e. the ability to generate words belonging to semantic subcategories of animals) and switching (i.e. the ability to shift from one subcategory to another) proposed by Troyer. This qualitative analysis was applied to the PAQUID (Personnes Ag? QUID) cohort, a 17-year longitudinal population-based study. The performances on the animal verbal fluency task of 51 incident cases of possible and probable AD were analyzed at the onset of dementia, 2 years and 5 years before dementia onset. Each case was matched for age, sex and education to two control subjects leading to a sample of 153 subjects. The mean cluster size and the raw number of switches were compared in the two samples. The results revealed a significantly lower switching index in the future AD subjects than in the elderly controls including 5 years before dementia incidence. A significant decline in this parameter was evidenced all along the prodromal phase until the clinical diagnosis of dementia. In contrast, the mean cluster size could not discriminate the two groups. Therefore the results support the hypothesis that impaired shifting abilities - rather than semantic memory storage degradation - could explain the early decline in semantic fluency performance occurring in the predementia phase of AD

Approche Ecosystémique des EMR : quelles influences peut-on attendre sur le réseau trophique des écosystèmes marins?

International audienc

Approche Ecosystémique des EMR : quelles influences peut-on attendre sur le réseau trophique des écosystèmes marins?

International audienc

Validation d'un test court de génération de concepts à partir des données issues de la cohorte 3C de sujets âgés en population générale

Cet article présente un premier travail de validation d’un test de génération de concepts adapté du paradigme de Rosch et Mervis [1] et basé sur le matériel du test de Levine [2]. L’épreuve consiste à réaliser une catégorisation libre à partir de six cartes comportant des noms d’animaux et des figures géométriques. Les propriétés psychométriques de fiabilité, validité convergente, concordance inter-juges, et capacité de détection de la démence ont été examinées au regard du sous-test des similitudes de la WAIS, considéré comme test de référence. Cette étude a été réalisée à partir des données recueillies initialement de l’échantillon de Bordeaux de la cohorte 3C, une cohorte de personnes âgées sélectionnées en population générale parmi lesquelles 1 682 ont complété le test de génération de concepts et le test des similitudes. Les résultats ont montré une cohérence interne égale à 0,6 et une bonne fidélité inter-juges (r = 0,89 ; p \textless 0,0001). Les scores des deux tests étaient significativement corrélés (r = 0,52 ; p \textless 0,0001), relativement concordants (κpondéré = 0,38, p \textless 0,0001) et avec une capacité de détection de la démence similaire. Ces résultats confortent la validité du test de génération de concepts mettant en jeu les capacités de conceptualisation, comptant parmi ses avantages le fait d’être rapide et simple à administrer

The Merits of Loop Analysis for the Qualitative Modeling of Social-Ecological Systems in Presence of Offshore Wind Farms

International audienc

Modelling impacts of offshore wind farms on trophic web: the Courseulles-sur-Mer case study, an example of cumulated impacts

International audienceThe French government is planning the construction of three offshore wind farms in Normandy. These offshore wind farms will integrate into an ecosystem already subject to a growing number of anthropogenic disturbances such as transportation, fishing, and sediment dredging. The possible effects of this cocktail of stressors on ecosystem functioning are still unknown, but they could impact their resilience, making them susceptible to changes from one stable state to another. Understanding the behaviour of these complex systems is essential in order to anticipate potential state changes, and to implement conservation actions in a sustainable manner.Currently, there are no global and integrated studies on the effects of construction and exploitation of offshore wind farms. Moreover, approaches are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species. Here, we develop a holistic and integrated view of ecosystem through the use of complementary trophic webs modeling tools (quantitative and qualitative models). In fact, trophic models such as Ecopath are based on the quantification of flows between the ecosystem components (ecological processes). This approach allows modelling the ecosystem complexity from phytoplankton to top predators. Moreover, interactions with the ecosystem and human activities are then be added through qualitative models. Theses models allow to introduce unquantified actions of various actors.Results of these two complementary models contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the offshore wind farms on ecosystems and cumulated impacts. They also allow to define recommendations for environmental managers and industry in terms of monitoring the effects of Marine Renewable Energy, not only locally, but also on other sites, national and European levels. Finally, this combined approach could contribute to a better social acceptability of Marine Renewable Energy projects allowing a holistic vision of all pressures on ecosystems

Modelling impacts of offshore wind farms on trophic web: the Courseulles-sur-Mer case study, an example of cumulated impacts

International audienceThe French government is planning the construction of three offshore wind farms in Normandy. These offshore wind farms will integrate into an ecosystem already subject to a growing number of anthropogenic disturbances such as transportation, fishing, and sediment dredging. The possible effects of this cocktail of stressors on ecosystem functioning are still unknown, but they could impact their resilience, making them susceptible to changes from one stable state to another. Understanding the behaviour of these complex systems is essential in order to anticipate potential state changes, and to implement conservation actions in a sustainable manner.Currently, there are no global and integrated studies on the effects of construction and exploitation of offshore wind farms. Moreover, approaches are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species. Here, we develop a holistic and integrated view of ecosystem through the use of complementary trophic webs modeling tools (quantitative and qualitative models). In fact, trophic models such as Ecopath are based on the quantification of flows between the ecosystem components (ecological processes). This approach allows modelling the ecosystem complexity from phytoplankton to top predators. Moreover, interactions with the ecosystem and human activities are then be added through qualitative models. Theses models allow to introduce unquantified actions of various actors.Results of these two complementary models contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the offshore wind farms on ecosystems and cumulated impacts. They also allow to define recommendations for environmental managers and industry in terms of monitoring the effects of Marine Renewable Energy, not only locally, but also on other sites, national and European levels. Finally, this combined approach could contribute to a better social acceptability of Marine Renewable Energy projects allowing a holistic vision of all pressures on ecosystems