Failure of Zoned Earth Dam (An analysis of earth dam break)

تتم عمايه كسر السد بسبب الطفح حيث هي واحده من أكثر انواع الفشل شيوعاً في التعليات الترابيه. في هذه الدراسه تم استعمال طريقه العناصر المحدده لتحليل التسرب وتم ايضاً تحليل الثباتيه في حاله الفيضان بطريقه التوازن الحدي ولهذا تم اختيار سد العظيم لعمليه التحليل خلال فتره SEEP/W,SLOPE/W من خلال برامجها الفرعيه Geostudio2012 الفيضان من خلال التحليل وجد ان تدفق المياه خلال جسم السد يصل الى 5-10*722 م3/ثاعندما يكون مستوى سطح المياه 146.5م. من خلال تحليل التسرب وجد انه عند مستوى المياه الاقصى فانه يزداد بمقدار %38.3 ما هو عليه في حاله مستوى المياه الطبيعي. كما تم استنتاج ان معامل الامان ضد الانزلاق يقل في منطقه مؤخرالسد بزيادة ارتفاع مستوى سطح المياه والعكس بالعكس. كما وُجد ان معامل الامان يصل الى 1.219 خلال فتره الفيضان مما يعني ان المنحدر يكون في حاله حرجه خلال هذه الفتره.One of the most common type of embankment dam failure is the dam-break due to overtopping. In this study, the finite elements method has been used to analyze seepage and limit equilibrium method to study stability of the body of an earthfill dam during the flood condition. For this purpose, the software Geostudio 2012 is used through its subprograms SEEP/W and SLOPE/W. Al-Adhaim dam in Iraq has been chosen to analysis the 5 days of flood. It was found that the water flux of seepage during the flood reaches about 8.772*10-5. m3/sec when the water level 146.5 m at 2nd day. Seepage through the embankment at maximum water level increased by 55.1 % from maximum water level. It was concluded that the factor of safety against sliding in downstream side decrease with increasing water level and vice versa. It was also concluded that the deposits are getting more critical stability during the conditions of flood when the factor of safety value reaches 1.219 at 2nd day

HIV-1 Nef ニ ヨル Src kinase Hck ノ カッセイカ ト ゴルジタイ デノ キョクザイ ガ タンパクシツ ノ トウサ フカ カテイ ニ エイキョウ オ オヨボス

In this study, we attempted to clarify theunderlying molecular mechanism of the new function of HIV-1 pathogenetic protein Nef. A striking change in Hck induced by Nef other than activation was its skewed localization to the Golgi due to predominant Golgi-localization of Nef

The Integrative Relationship Between Design and Function in smart government applications in Egypt.

The success of smartphone applications depends on those which touch customer’s needs, and maintain the quality of provide services in attractive and easy way. What makes applications work and be able to do their job is how to use the controls in app's interface, which includes all elements like, clickable buttons and tools specifically designed for this purpose, to allow users to interact with the screen.The visual design of any element of the visual interface can strongly effects on understanding, function, and how to use.The functional standards of the application are the line between user experience design and the visual design of the application interface. When designing smartphone apps, their functional it is the characteristics and tools that users realize and thus allow them to control the elements of the app interface, whether or not they are clickable buttons, or pull the slider and icons.Every signal users see is a guide of how to interact with the app, so sending misleading signals through inaccurate or unclear design processors makes it difficult for users to interpret what they see correctly.This study focuses on how to choose application interface controls very carefully, and how to make decisions about the visual design of each of these elements in a way that enables users to predict the function of each item.The descriptive approach was followed in describing and analyzing some models of applications launched by the Egyptian government, through which the research reached a number of functional criteria that can be followed when designing smart government applications in Egypt.Key Words: smart government – Design & Function - Smart phone application

Structural standards for designing smart government applications in Egypt

Summary:As the Egyptian e-government portal seeks to change and transform relations between institutions and citizens through ICT - through web applications and portals - with the aim of providing the best for citizens and facilitating access to their needs, and enabling them to access Information, which provides more efficiency, effectiveness and transparency to support all government procedural systems and eliminate corruption, smart government comes to complete what was built and invest in it by approaching more than the citizen on the one hand, and direct simultaneous interaction with information spread in the society and its economic, social and security components on the other hand through these applications on smart devices. So, with the huge numbers of smartphone apps to choose from, we often find that the difference factor that convinces users to download the app, and their desire to continue using the application is a strong and attractive design, it's not just about designing an app with an aesthetic shape, but there are many things to consider by designer, which are essential for success related to the structural and functional standards of application design, and must be harmonized in order to achieve an easy-to-use, innovative application design, efficiency and effectiveness.Therefore, there was a need to develop building criteria for the design of visual elements of smart government applications in Egypt, and by applying the descriptive research approach in describing and analyzing some models of applications launched by the Egyptian government, the research reached a number of feasible building criteria to be followed when designing smart government applications in Egypt.Key Words: smart government - Structural standards

Antioxidant and angiostatic effect of Spirulina platensis suspension in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.

Currently, natural products have built a well-recognized role in the management of many degenerative diseases, mainly rheumatoid arthritis. Recent studies suggest that Spirulina, a unicellular blue-green alga, may have a variety of health benefits and curative properties and is also competent of acting as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and recently anti-angiogenic agent. In the present study, the antioxidant and the immunomodulatory effect of Spirulina platensis as well as its anti-angiogenic effect against complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rat model were tested.We found that the development of arthritis was concealed; moreover it successfully inhibited the development of macroscopic as well as microscopic and histopathological lesions in AIA rats when compared to control. Spirulina treated group showed a higher survival rate and moreover, it reduced the clinical score of RA in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, Spirulina decreased serum levels of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, TBARS, VEGF and increased serum levels of GSH compared to the RA non-treated group.The present study concluded that Spirulina is able to restrain the changes produced through adjuvant-induced arthritis. The suppressing effect of Spirulina could be attributed, at least in part, to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-angiogenic properties

Effects of naturally-arising HIV Nef mutations on cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition and Nef's functionality in primary macrophages

Abstract Background Although HIV can infect several cellular subsets, such as CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages, it remains unclear whether an HIV infection in macrophages supports cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape. Here, we tested two naturally-arising mutations located in the well-conserved polyproline region of Nef for their effects on CTL recognition, Nef's functionality, and viral replication capacity in macrophages. These mutations were selected because they are known to cause CTL escape in the context of T lymphocytes. Findings Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infected with the wild-type virus, but not with variant viruses, were efficiently killed by CTL clones targeting Nef epitopes, VY8 (VPLRPMTY) and RY11 (RPQVPLRPMTY). The CTL-escape mutation, Arg75Thr, or Arg75Thr/Tyr85Phe double mutation, reduced the HLA class I down-regulation activity and, interestingly, increased the susceptibility of virus-infected MDMs to recognition by CTLs targeting a different epitope. The same mutations reduced the CCR5, but not CD4, down-regulation activity. Moreover, the Nef variants were impaired for Hck activation and enhancement of viral replication in MDMs. Conclusions These results suggest that HIV-infected MDMs are killed by CTLs targeting Nef epitopes, contributing to selection and adaptation of CTL-escape viral variants.</p

Effect of Spirulina (200 or 400 mg/kg) vs. indomethacin on serum level of TNF-α (A), IL-6 (B), COX-2 (C) and VEGF (D).

<p>Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *Compared to vehicle, ^#Compared to CFA control, ^@Compared to indomethacin, ^$Compared to Spirulina (200 mg/kg), <i>n = 5–6</i>.</p