Uticaj ekološkog potencijala lokaliteta na biološka i antioksidativna svojstva sorte vinove loze Burgundac crni (Vitis vinifera L.)

Biological characteristic of a cultivar, to give high quality grape and wine, is the potential which, together with the ecological characteristics of the region and combination of agro technical measures, represents the most important factors of success in the viticulture production. It is well known that not only the different varieties of vines can give wines that vary in flavor but the same variety can give different wines depending on the locality where it is grown. The differences between the vine growing regions are in the soil and microclimate conditions which result in the production of grapes with different characteristics. Those differences are reflected in the wines which take on the character of the area in which the variety of grapes vine was grown and produced. The concept of terroir is based on the fact that different soil types and different climatic conditions can give different types of wine from the same cultivar. Terroir is a widely accepted concept in the wine-growing countries in Europe, and it relates the sensory properties of wine with conditions of the area where the grapes are produced. Terroir basically represents a connection between the qualitative characteristics of wine and its geographic origin. This research was focused on the influence of climate and soil properties, as the most important elements of terroir, on the biological and antioxidant properties of grape cultivar Pinot Noir in the period from 2009-2011 in two Serbian regions: in Central Serbia (location Radmilovac - 44 o 45' 24.66" N; 20o 34' 54.50" E, 153 m a. s. l.) and in Vojvodina (location Vršac - 45o 8' 40.80" N; 21º 24' 7.97" E, 199 m a. s. l.). Both localities are characterized with mild slopes. The research covered an area of 0.57 ha at the location Radmilovac and 0.48 ha at the location Vršac. Pinot Noir cultivar was grown on Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB rootstock at the both locations. In Radmilovac and Vršac, the distances were 3 x 1 m and 3 x 0.8 m, respectively. In 2009, positioning of experimental plots and sampling sites at both locations was done by using GPS technology and database was created in GIS. Based on the climate conditions recorded in a multi-annual period (1982-2011), which where the basis for the comparison of investigation years and the values of the seven most important viticulture climate indices (TK, HTK, WI, Tgs, HI, DI and CI), climatic characteristics of the studied sites where determined...Biološko svojstvo sorte da daje kvalitetno vino je početni potencijal koji sa ekološkim karakteristikama i kompleksom agrotehničkih mera predstavlja najbitnije činioce uspeha u vinogradarskoj proizvodnji. Poznato je da ne samo različite sorte vinove loze daju vina koja se razlikuju po aromi već i iste sorte mogu dati različita vina u zavisnosti od mesta gde se gaje. Razlike između lokaliteta gajenja sagledive kroz osobine zemljišta i mikroklimatske uslove rezultiraju proizvodnjom grožđa različitih svojstava. Ta različitost se ogleda i u vinima koja poprimaju karakter područja u kome je sorta gajena i grožđe proizvedeno. Saznanje da se na različitim tipovima zemljišta i različitim klimatskim uslovima od iste sorte proizvode različiti stilovi vina je osnova na kojoj se zasniva koncept terroir-a. U vinogradarskim zemljama Evrope, terroir je opšte prihvaćen pojam, koji dovodi u vezu senzorne osobine vina sa uslovima područja gde je proizvedeno grožđe. Praktično terroir je veza između kvalitativnih osobina vina i geografskog porekla. U ovim istraživanjima praćen je uticaj klime i zemljišta kao najvažnijih elemenata terroir-a na biološka i antioksidativna svojstva sorte vinove loze Burgundac crni (Vitis vinifera L.) u periodu 2009-2011. godina u dva regiona. Prvi region je u Centralnoj Srbiji (lokalitet Radmilovac - 44o 45' 24,66" N; 20o 34' 54,50" E, 153 m nadmorske visine), a drugi region je u Vojvodini (lokalitet Vršac - 45o 8' 40,80" N; 21º 24' 7,97" E, 199 m nadmorske visine). Umereno - blaga padina karakteristična je za oba lokaliteta. Istraživanja su obuhvatila celokupnu površinu od 5665,25 m2 na lokalitetu Radmilovac i 4792,86 m2 na lokalitetu Vršac. Na ispitivanim lokalitetima sorta Burgundac crni gajena je na podlozi Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB. Na lokalitetu Radmilovac rastojanje je bilo 3 x 1 m, a na lokalitetu Vršac 3 x 0,8 m. U 2009. godini na oba lokaliteta izvršeno je pozicioniranje oglednih parcela GPS tehnologijom i formirana baza podataka u GIS-u. Na osnovu klimatskih karakteristika u višegodišnjem periodu (1982-2011. godina) koji je bio osnova za poređenje godina ispitivanja i dobijenih vrednosti za sedam najvažnijih vinogradarskih klimatskih indeksa (TK, HTK, WI, Tgs, HI, DI i CI) utvrđene su karakteristike klime ispitivanih lokaliteta..

The effect of environmental potential of a locality on biological and antioxidant properties of pinot noir grapevine variety (Vitis vinifera L.)

Biološko svojstvo sorte da daje kvalitetno vino je početni potencijal koji sa ekološkim karakteristikama i kompleksom agrotehničkih mera predstavlja najbitnije činioce uspeha u vinogradarskoj proizvodnji. Poznato je da ne samo različite sorte vinove loze daju vina koja se razlikuju po aromi već i iste sorte mogu dati različita vina u zavisnosti od mesta gde se gaje. Razlike između lokaliteta gajenja sagledive kroz osobine zemljišta i mikroklimatske uslove rezultiraju proizvodnjom grožđa različitih svojstava. Ta različitost se ogleda i u vinima koja poprimaju karakter područja u kome je sorta gajena i grožđe proizvedeno. Saznanje da se na različitim tipovima zemljišta i različitim klimatskim uslovima od iste sorte proizvode različiti stilovi vina je osnova na kojoj se zasniva koncept terroir-a. U vinogradarskim zemljama Evrope, terroir je opšte prihvaćen pojam, koji dovodi u vezu senzorne osobine vina sa uslovima područja gde je proizvedeno grožđe. Praktično terroir je veza između kvalitativnih osobina vina i geografskog porekla. U ovim istraživanjima praćen je uticaj klime i zemljišta kao najvažnijih elemenata terroir-a na biološka i antioksidativna svojstva sorte vinove loze Burgundac crni (Vitis vinifera L.) u periodu 2009-2011. godina u dva regiona. Prvi region je u Centralnoj Srbiji (lokalitet Radmilovac - 44o 45' 24,66" N; 20o 34' 54,50" E, 153 m nadmorske visine), a drugi region je u Vojvodini (lokalitet Vršac - 45o 8' 40,80" N; 21º 24' 7,97" E, 199 m nadmorske visine). Umereno - blaga padina karakteristična je za oba lokaliteta. Istraživanja su obuhvatila celokupnu površinu od 5665,25 m2 na lokalitetu Radmilovac i 4792,86 m2 na lokalitetu Vršac. Na ispitivanim lokalitetima sorta Burgundac crni gajena je na podlozi Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB. Na lokalitetu Radmilovac rastojanje je bilo 3 x 1 m, a na lokalitetu Vršac 3 x 0,8 m. U 2009. godini na oba lokaliteta izvršeno je pozicioniranje oglednih parcela GPS tehnologijom i formirana baza podataka u GIS-u. Na osnovu klimatskih karakteristika u višegodišnjem periodu (1982-2011. godina) koji je bio osnova za poređenje godina ispitivanja i dobijenih vrednosti za sedam najvažnijih vinogradarskih klimatskih indeksa (TK, HTK, WI, Tgs, HI, DI i CI) utvrđene su karakteristike klime ispitivanih lokaliteta...Biological characteristic of a cultivar, to give high quality grape and wine, is the potential which, together with the ecological characteristics of the region and combination of agro technical measures, represents the most important factors of success in the viticulture production. It is well known that not only the different varieties of vines can give wines that vary in flavor but the same variety can give different wines depending on the locality where it is grown. The differences between the vine growing regions are in the soil and microclimate conditions which result in the production of grapes with different characteristics. Those differences are reflected in the wines which take on the character of the area in which the variety of grapes vine was grown and produced. The concept of terroir is based on the fact that different soil types and different climatic conditions can give different types of wine from the same cultivar. Terroir is a widely accepted concept in the wine-growing countries in Europe, and it relates the sensory properties of wine with conditions of the area where the grapes are produced. Terroir basically represents a connection between the qualitative characteristics of wine and its geographic origin. This research was focused on the influence of climate and soil properties, as the most important elements of terroir, on the biological and antioxidant properties of grape cultivar Pinot Noir in the period from 2009-2011 in two Serbian regions: in Central Serbia (location Radmilovac - 44 o 45' 24.66" N; 20o 34' 54.50" E, 153 m a. s. l.) and in Vojvodina (location Vršac - 45o 8' 40.80" N; 21º 24' 7.97" E, 199 m a. s. l.). Both localities are characterized with mild slopes. The research covered an area of 0.57 ha at the location Radmilovac and 0.48 ha at the location Vršac. Pinot Noir cultivar was grown on Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB rootstock at the both locations. In Radmilovac and Vršac, the distances were 3 x 1 m and 3 x 0.8 m, respectively. In 2009, positioning of experimental plots and sampling sites at both locations was done by using GPS technology and database was created in GIS. Based on the climate conditions recorded in a multi-annual period (1982-2011), which where the basis for the comparison of investigation years and the values of the seven most important viticulture climate indices (TK, HTK, WI, Tgs, HI, DI and CI), climatic characteristics of the studied sites where determined..

Organsko vinogradarstvo zasnovano na prirodnim procesima i upotrebi prirodnih materija

During recent years organic viticulture has been developing in the leading viticulture countries worldwide. The organic viticulture has been defined as the application of procedures of organic agriculture in view of increasing the production of top quality grape and wine. All the aspects of the organic viticulture such as cultivating and maintaining the soil, ground cover plants and weed control, balanced nutrition of grapevine, growing systems, disease and pest control are carried out in view of increasing the quality and health safety of wine and table varieties. When making a choice of a cultivar, there are two key factors: an economic indicator-market perspective and characteristics of a cultivar. Traditional varieties are in advantage in comparison to newly created ones, new preparations, improved computerised forecast models contribute to the efficient protection from disease and pests. New I.C./PIWI varieties must show tolerance to low winter temperatures and/or spring frosts, real commercial value through the quality of fruit, wine, juice or table grapes, tolerance to diseases and pests, balanced relationship between fruit and wood ripening. The aim of this paper is to present organic viticulture through integral agroecosystem and traditionally applied procedures in viticulture.Organsko vinogradarstvo je u porastu poslednjih godina u vodećim vinogradarskim zemljama u svetu. Organsko vinogradarstvo definiše se kao primena postupaka organske poljoprivrede u cilju povećanja proizvodnje grožđa i vina najboljeg mogućeg kvaliteta. Svi aspekti u organskom vinogradarstvu kao što su obrada i održavanje zemljišta, pokrovne vrste u vinogradu i kontrola korova, izbalansirana ishrana vinove loze, sistemi gajenja i kontrola bolesti i štetočina se sprovode u cilju povećanja kvaliteta i zdravstvene bezbednosti vinskih i stonih sorti. Pri izboru sorti, ključna su dva faktora: ekonomski pokazatelj - perspektiva na tržištu i karakteristike sorti. Tradicionalne sorte su u prednosti u poređenju sa novostvorenim, nova sredstva za zaštitu, poboljšani modeli za prognozu doprinose efikasnijoj zaštiti od bolesti i štetočina. Nove I.C./PIWI sorte moraju da ispolje tolerantnost na niske zimske temperature i/ili prolećne mrazeve, realnu komercijalnu vrednost kroz kvalitet ploda, vina, soka ili stonog grožđa, tolerantnost na bolesti i štetočine, skladan odnos između sazrevanja plodova i drveta. Cilj ovog rada je da organsko vinogradarstvo prikaže kroz integralni agroekosistem i tradicionalne postupke u vinogradu

Klonska selekcija autohtonih i introdukovanih sorti vinove loze u starim zasadima jugoistočne i istočne Srbije i preliminarno utvrđivanje njihovog zdravstvenog statusa

Clone and sanitary selection of the grapevine has a fundamental importance in improving the quality and the quantity of the grape production in Serbia. In order to preserve the varieties of the old vineyards, the clone and sanitary selection has begun in 2006 in the South Eastern Serbia vineyard areas, 1048 grapevine plants have been examined in three distant vineyards and 60 grapevine plants have been separated that deserved attention based on their production characteristics. The selected plants have been tested serologically, with the ELISA method, to the presence of 4 grapevine viruses: Grapevine leaf roll-associated virus 1, Grapevine leaf roll-associated virus 2 and Grapevine leaf roll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV- 1, GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-3), and grapevine fun leaf virus- GFLV. The infection level of the selected plants was between 10.5% (vineyard III) and 22.2% (vineyard II). We eliminated the infected plants among the selected ones and analyzed only the healthy ones in the 2008. Various potential variety clones have been selected for Prokupac, Pamid, Dimyat, Sauvignon blanc, Rosaki, Chasselas, Semillon, Detier de Bayreuth and Riesling. In 2008 we have repeated the same procedure we did in 2006 but in a different region - the Eastern Serbia area on the autochthonous variety of Muscat des roses noir on 400 grapevine plants 40 potential clones have been selected. The goal of this paper was check out the health status to preserve the autochthonous and introduced varieties of the eastern and south eastern region and to renew the vineyards it's grown in. It was necessary to go on following the selected candidate - clones for other viruses based on EPPO PM 4/1-26 certification scheme in order to identify the virus-free clones to multiply, conserve and maintain in the collection growing areas.Klonska i sanitarna selekcija vinove loze ima fundamentalni značaj za poboljšanje kvaliteta i kvantiteta proizvodnje grožđa u Srbiji. To se odnosi kako na vodeće tako i manje značajne autohtone i introdukovane sorte. U 2006 godini klonska i sanitarna selekcija u cilju očuvanja sorti iz starih vinograda započeta je u istočnoj Srbiji a u 2008. godini i u jugoistočnoj Srbiji. Pregledano je ukupno 1048 čokota u tri prostorno udaljena vinograda i izdvojeno 60 čokota, koji su po svojim proizvodnim karakteristikama zasluživali pažnju. Selekcionisani čokoti su testirani serološki, ELISA metodom, na prisustvo 4 virusa vinove loze: Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 i Grapevine leafroll- associated virus 3 - GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2 i GLRaV-3), Grapevine fanleaf virus- GFLV. Stepen zaraženosti izabranih čokota virusima kretao se od 10.5% (vinograd III) do 22.2% (vinograd II). Izabrane a zaražene čokote smo eliminisali i u 2008. godini analizirali samo zdrave čokote. Izdvojeno je više potencijalnih klonova sorti Prokupac - 25, Pamid - 11, Dimyat - 2, Sauvagnin blanc - 2, Rosaki - 2, Chasselass, Semillion blanc, Detier de Beyrouth and Riesling po jedan budući klon. U 2008. godini ponovili smo postupak kao u 2006. godini ali u novom lokalitetu - Istočnoj Srbiji na autohtonoj sorti Muscat des roses noir na 400 čokota. Izabrano je 40 potencijalnih klonova koji se odlikuju visokim sadržajem šećera u širi (26-34%). Cilj ovog rada je bila provera zdravstvenog statusa izabranih klonova autohtonih i inrodukovanih sorti u jugoistočnoj i istočnoj Srbiji. Neophodno je nastaviti praćenje izbaranih kandidata - klonova na druge viruse prema EPPO PM 4/1-26 šemi sertifikovanja, da bi se izdvojili virus-free klonovi za umnožavanje, konzerviranje i održavanje u kolekcionim zasadima

Variability and heredity of some qualitative and quantitative grapevine characteristics

Variability and mode of heredity of some important qualitative and quantitative grapevine characteristics in 45 seedlings of F-1 generation obtained from crossing combination Seedling 113 x Muscat Hamburg were investigated in this study. The seedlings of F-1 generation for the investigated characteristics were arranged in certain number of categories by the OIV method. As variability indexes, standard deviation (S) and coefficient of variation (V) were used. Evaluation of the mode of heredity was done by chi(2) test and t-test. Considering examined characteristics, the highest variability showed grape yield (V=58.9%), and the lowest sugar content in must (V=16.3%). Color of berry skin, cluster resistance to Botrytis cinerea and leaf resistance to Plasmopara viticola showed monogenic mode of heredity. Exception from the monogenic mode of heredity was determined for the flavor of berry. Grape yield, bunch weight and berry weight showed negative heterosis. For the sugar content in must, domination of the parent with low sugar content in must was determined

Sredstva za zaštitu bilja u organskoj proizvodnji grožđa

Pests and grapevine diseases in organic production are suppressed by preventive measures with a view to reducing the impact of the attack. Allowed substances acting on patogenous fungi, insects, mites and other harmful organisms are used, if appropriate. Insecticides of plant origin are used in the organic production of grapevine, as well as vegetable oils, powders and insecticidal soaps that are selective, with a narrow range of effects and of lower toxicity, as well as biological products. As a rule, such plant protection products require a more frequent application. Copper-based and sulphur-based fungicides are still leading products in suppressing grapevine diseases. Researches are directed to decrease the quantity of application and to find their replacement by also efficient fungicides. A special emphasis is put on researching the efficient fungicides for suppressing Botrytis bunch rot and factors causing grapevine wood diseases (Esca and Eutypa) in organic production. Along with copper and sulphur, different substances such as bicarbonates, plant extracts and oils, biological products being parasites, patogenous or diseases agent antagonists, and natural products such as milk and whey are applied in the organic production of grapevine.Oblast organske proizvodnje je regulisana odgovarajućim zakonom i podzakonskim aktima kao proizvodnja koja se zasniva na prirodnim procesima i upotrebi prirodnih materija. U pojedinim slučajevima sredstva koja su na raspolaganju nisu dovoljna za održivu proizvodnju. Zakonom se dozvoljavaju izuzeci i ta sredstva sintetičko-hemijskog porekla su na posebnim listama dozvoljenih sredstava. Veliki broj takvih izuzetaka se odnosi na sredstva za zaštitu bilja jer još uvek nemaju alternativu. Štetočine i bolesti vinove loze u organskoj proizvodnji suzbijaju se preventivnim merama koje imaju zadatak da umanje jačinu napada, a ako postoji potreba onda se primenjuju dozvoljene supstance sa delovanjem na patogene gljive, insekte, grinje i ostale štetne organizme. U organskoj proizvodnji vinove loze se koriste insekticidi biljnog porekla koji imaju široki spektar delovanja na štetne insekte, zatim biljna ulja, prašiva, insekticidni sapuni koji su selektivni, uskog spektra delovanja i niže toksičnosti, kao i biološki preparati. Ovakvi preparati po pravilu zahtevaju češću primenu. U suzbijanju bolesti vinove loze još uvek su vodeći fungicidi na bazi bakra i sumpora. Istraživanja idu u pravcu smanjivanja količina primene i iznalaženja njihove zamene isto toliko efikasnim sredstvima. Poseban naglasak je na istraživanjima efikasnih sredstava za suzbijanje sive truleži (Botryotinia fuckeliana) i prouzrokovača bolesti drveta (Esca i Eutypa) vinove loze u organskoj proizvodnji. Osim bakra i sumpora kod vinove loze se primenjuju i različite supstance kao što su bikarbonati, biljni ekstrakti i ulja, biološki preparati, zatim prirodni proizvodi (mleko i surutka) i druge

Technological Characteristics of the Vranac and Cabernet Sauvignon Grapevine Varieties in the Conditions of the Trebinje Vineyards

The aim of this paper is to present technological characteristics of the Vranac and Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine varieties in the conditions of the Trebinje vineyards during the vegetation in 2016 and 2017. Researching technological characteristics includes mechanical compounds of grapes and berries as well as the quality of grapes and berries (sugar, total acid content in the must and pH). Bunch weight, the number of berries on a bunch, the weight of 100 berries, the weight of 100 berries flesh, the weight of berries skin as well as the weight of 100 berries seeds were higher for both varieties in 2017. The bunch weight of Vranac was higher in 2016, and for Cabernet Sauvignon in 2017. Sugar content and acid content were higher in the must of the Vranac variety in 2016, while its pH value did not vary. The sugar content of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety was the same in both examined years, the content of acids was higher in 2016, while the pH value was higher in 2017

EFFECT OF EARLY BERRY THINNING AND GIRDLING ON GRAPE QUALITY OF CV. VICTORIA

The research was carried out at University of Belgrade Faculty of Agriculture experimental station “Radmilovac” on table grape Victoria cv with aim to improve grape quality and with consideration the introduction of these ampelographic measures in regular grapevine growing. The research included two treatments of berry thinning (thinning bunch tip - BtT and first lateral wink -BtW), girdling (G) and control (C). Combined effect of berry thinning and girdling were not examined. The following features were examined: fertility and yield, bunch and berry dimensions, bunch and berry structure, sugar content and total acidity. The thinning treatments did not have significant effect on uvometric parameters and grape quality, but they improved the yield by 41.7% (BtW) and 51.4% (BtT) in comparison to the control. It can be explained by bad fruit set influenced by unfavourable meteorological conditions during flowering in control treatment. Berry thinning achieves a better fruit set. Berry thinning should be applied as a regular ampelographic measure according to weather conditions during flowering phonological stage. Results confirm the positive influence of girdling. The yield was increased by 88,34% compared to control, berries had a higher diameter (for about 1mm with respect to control), fruit set and bunch mass were in higher level against other treatments, sugar content (17,00%), total acidity (5,75 g/L) were improved too. Girdling can be introduced as a regular ampelographic measure in the table cultivars vineyards, in order to obtain higher yields and better quality of table grape

Effect of the genotype: Environmental interaction on phenotype variation of the bunch weight in white wine varieties

The aim of this paper is to establish the interaction of phenotypical variations, components of yield for the widest spread wine varieties and external factors of the Danube region in the central Serbia. The number of fruitful buds per vine for twenty-one varieties was the same, whereas the yield and the components of the yield were different. The growing season, from bud burst to full ripening of the grapevine and the sum of active temperatures for the same period, were of crucial importance. In the factor analysis, three factors have been singled out: the first factor couples the mean air temperature; the second factor delineates the values according to genotype characteristics, sugar content and acids in the must, and the third factor indicates that bunch weight had the major effect on the yield of grapes. By the application of bunch analysis, a hierarchy tree was formed to include the four groups of varieties. The most numerous group, consisting of 18 varieties, is characterized by top quality grapes (21.5% sugar content), medium yield (1.52 kg/m2) and a proportional relation of total acids (7.5 g/l) and this is achieved during the middle of the ripening period

Characteristics of newly created grapevine varieties Vožd and Vladun

This paper presents the most important morphological and production-technological characteristics of newly created grapevine varieties Vožd and Vladun, intended for the production of red wines. The newly created varieties were compared with the standard variety Cabernet Sauvignon during the three-year period of testing (2015-2017) in the relation studied properties. The variety Vožd obtained from the crossing combination Začinak x Prokupac, and the variety Vladun from the crossing combination Merlot x Župski Bojadiser. The investigated varieties differed considerably in terms of some morphological traits and represents unique genotypes. The newly recognized varieties have a hermaphrodite type of flower, dense bunch, globose berry shape and blue black color of berry skin. The yield, bunch weight, bunch length and bunch width were higher at both varieties than for the standard variety. The Vožd variety had a yield of 1.29 kg/m2 and a bunch weight of 174.3 g, and the Vladun variety had a yield of 0.87 kg/m2 and a bunch weight of 153.7 g. For the standard variety the grape yield was 0.78 kg/m2 and the bunch weight was 134.0 g. The content of sugar and total acids in the must of the Vožd variety was 20.5% and 6.5 g/l, while for the Vladun variety it was 21.8% and 6.0 g/l respectively. Wine of both varieties was drinkable, harmonious, with a specific varietal of smell and taste and contained 12.1 vol. % of alcohol (Vožd variety), or 12.6 vol. % of alcohol (Vladun variety). Due to the many positive features of the grapes and wines from the Vožd and Vladun varieties, their spread to the production vineyards of Serbia is expected