Acute Responses of Cytokines and Adipokines to Aerobic Exercise in Relapsing vs. Remitting Women with Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: To examine the acute effect of exercise on cytokines and adipokines during relapse and the remitting phase of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Thirty women with MS in the relapsing or remitting phase were matched with fifteen healthy controls. Participants performed a single-bout of aerobic exercise at 60-70% maximal heart rate. Furthermore, five women in the relapsing phase were enrolled (control relapse) and did not receive any intervention. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after, 1-hour and 6-hours after the exercise. Results: Levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in response to exercise were similar in healthy and MS remitting subjects. Compared to baseline, TNF-α levels in relapsing subjects were significantly decreased immediately after exercise. Immediately following exercise, leptin levels significantly decreased in relapsing subjects. Adiponectin and IL-6 showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: After relapse, exercise does not induce inflammatory cytokine response and temporarily improves both cytokine and adipokine balance

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy, insulin-like growth factor 1, myostatin and follistatin in healthy and sarcopenic elderly men:the effect of whole-body resistance training

Background: Sarcopenia describes the inevitable deterioration in muscle mass and strength that accompanies biological aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on quadriceps hypertrophy and related biochemistry in sarcopenic and healthy elderly men. Methods : A total of 31 elderly men (55–70 years old) were classified as sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic and were divided into two groups. Both groups participated in a progressive RT program for 8 weeks. Results: Data indicated that the strength in the sarcopenic group increased more than the healthy group ( P < 0.05). Quadriceps cross‑sectional area also increased more in the healthy group ( P < 0.05). Myostatin concentration decreased in both groups after training ( P < 0.05). Follistatin and testosterone increased in the healthy group; in contrast, only testosterone increased in the sarcopenic group after training ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that RT improves muscle cross‑sectional area and biomarker‑related muscle loss in both healthy and sarcopenic elderly men. The findings also demonstrate that growth factor profiles at baseline and changes in testosterone levels play an important role in muscle hypertrophy observed in both groups