Abundance and conservation status of two newly described lemur species in northwestern Madagascar (Microcebus danfossi, Lepilemur grewcockorum)

The distribution and abundance of Danfoss’ mouse lemurs (Microcebus danfossi) and Grewcock’s sportive lemurs (Lepilemur grewcockorum), two regional endemics from northwestern Madagascar, were studied from May to December 2008 in the Sofia region between the rivers Sofia and Maevarano. The goal was to investigate the size and quality of forest fragments and to determine the presence and abundance of the recently described M. danfossi and L. grewcockorum. They are confined to this region and their conservation status has not yet been determined. A total of eleven sites were visited and systematic census observations were carried out in each of them. M. danfossi was present in ten of eleven sites and its abundance ranged from 4.5 to 8.5 individuals per kilometer. L. grewcockorum was present in only three of eleven sites and its abundance ranged from 0.8 to one individual per kilometre. Based on the results of this study M. danfossi should be listed as Vulnerable and L. grewcockorum as Endangered. Based on the abundance data, the size and the general condition of the fragments, the forests of Anjajavy, Ambarijeby and Bekofafa are most favorable for future protection, because they still contain the most intact nocturnal lemur communities. KEYWORDS: Mouse lemur, distribution, fragmentation, primates, sportive lemur

Post-traumatic Hemothorax: Management in a Limited-medium Structure

Post-traumatic hemothorax is common in young adults in the context of road accidents. Explorations of the lesions may be limited by the technical platform. The objective of our study is to discuss the difficulty of managing post-traumatic hemothorax in a limited-medium structure. This was a 20-month retrospective study (01 May 2018-31 December 2019), involving 38 patients treated for post-traumatic hemothorax, whether or not associated with pneumothorax, in the general surgery department of the CHU Analankinina Toamasina. The hospital frequency was 1.66%, with a mean age of the patients of 31.89 years, and a male predominance (73.68%). The main provider of hemothorax was the civil liability accident (52.63%). Chest X-rays were performed in almost all patients (94.74%). Complications had been found in 4 patients with secondary surgery, with favorable outcomes. The frequency of hemothorax is constantly increasing in Madagascar, where the civil liability accident is the main cause. Chest X-ray remains the most accessible examination to be carried out in emergency. An early and efficient thoracic drainage generally ensures a favorable evolution without after-effects

Infiltration Pariétale De Lidocaïne Et Douleur Post-Césarienne Au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Gynécologie Obstetrique Befelatanana, Madagascar

Introduction: One of the main problem to the operated patients is the fear ofuncontrolled postoperative pain.Objective: Evaluation of Lidocaïne infiltration after cesarean section pain.Methods: Comparative randomized study, at the University Hospital ofGynecology and Obstetrics of Befelatanana, during 10 months, among 80 women undergoing ceasarean sectioon under spinal anesthesia. Group A (n = 40) was infiltratedbefore skin closure with 400 mg of Lidocaïne and group B (n = 40) not infiltrated. We evaluated the postoperative EVA scores at H1, H2, H3, H4, H8, H12.Results: The intensity of postoperative pain was respectively 17.3 ± 10.3 mm at H3,23.5 ± 14.9 mm at H4, 23.3 ± 16.3 mm at H8, 17.6 ± 11. 5 mm at H12 against 30.6 ±7.3 mm at H3, 39.6 ± 7.4 mm at H4, 40.1 ± 13.2 mm at H8, 29.1 ± 7.4 mm at H12. The dose of additional analgesic administered in group A was significantly decreased with600 ± 744. 2 mg compared to 2000 ± 226. 45 mg for group B. The request time foradditional analgesia is on average 590. 02 ± 203. 81 minutes for group A against 237. 7± 31. 41 minutes for group B.Conclusion: Parietal infiltration with Lidocaïne in the management of post-caesarean pain provides a higher relief than analgesic treatment without Lidocaïne.

Abundance and conservation status of two newly described lemur species in northwestern Madagascar (Microcebus danfossi, Lepilemur grewcockorum)

The distribution and abundance of Danfoss’ mouse lemurs (Microcebus danfossi) and Grewcock’s sportive lemurs (Lepilemur grewcockorum), two regional endemics from northwestern Madagascar, were studied from May to December 2008 in the Sofia region between the rivers Sofia and Maevarano. The goal was to investigate the size and quality of forest fragments and to determine the presence and abundance of the recently described M. danfossi and L. grewcockorum. They are confined to this region and their conservation status has not yet been determined. A total of eleven sites were visited and systematic census observations were carried out in each of them. M. danfossi was present in ten of eleven sites and its abundance ranged from 4.5 to 8.5 individuals per kilometer. L. grewcockorum was present in only three of eleven sites and its abundance ranged from 0.8 to one individual per kilometre. Based on the results of this study M. danfossi should be listed as Vulnerable and L. grewcockorum as Endangered. Based on the abundance data, the size and the general condition of the fragments, the forests of Anjajavy, Ambarijeby and Bekofafa are most favorable for future protection, because they still contain the most intact nocturnal lemur communities.RÉSUMÉUne étude sur la distribution et l’abondance de Microcebus danfossi et Lepilemur grewcockorum, deux espèces endémiques de la région Nord - ouest de Madagascar, a été effectuée dans la région de Sofia, entre les fleuves Sofia et Maevarano, de mai à décembre 2008. Les objectifs étaient d’évaluer la qualité et la largeur des fragments forestiers restants ainsi que de déterminer la diversité de lémuriens nocturnes dans la région. Nous avons aussi prévu de détecter des sites potentiels en vue de la conservation de fragments présentant une biodiversité riche, en particulier en ce qui concerne les espèces de lémuriens nocturnes récemment décrites dans cette région, M. danfossi et L. grewcockorum. Enfin, nous avons récolté toutes les informations disponibles afin de proposer une classification objective pour chaque espèce conformément aux critères de l’IUCN. Nous avons inventorié onze sites au total, à savoir la forêt d’Anjajavy, le savoka du village d’Antonibe, la forêt d’Antambato, le savoka d’Antsatrana, la forêt de Beanamalao, la forêt de Betsatsika, la forêt d’Ambarijeby, la forêt d’Ankaramikely, la forêt de Bekofafa, les savoka d’Ambararata et de Mahadera. Dans chaque site de ces sites, nous avons évalué la qualité de la forêt (signe de feu, déboisement, trouées) et la surface du fragment avant de réaliser six inventaires nocturnes le long de deux pistes de 1 km de longueur. Nous avons identifié de deux à quatre espèces de lémuriens nocturnes par site et au total cinq espèces ont été recensées. M. danfossi était présent dans dix sites et son abondance variait de 4,5 à 8,5 individus par kilomètre. L. grewcockorum n’était présent que dans trois sites et son abondance variait de 0,8 à 1,0 individu par kilomètre. Les fragments avaient des superficies comprises entre 50 et 400 ha. Les forêts d’Anjajavy, d’Ankaramikely, d’Antambato et de Bekofafa se sont avérées être les meilleurs sites en matière de qualité de la forêt. Compte tenu du degré de fragmentation, des pressions anthropiques et de nos résultats d’inventaire de ces deux espèces endémiques, nous proposons un statut de conservation Vulnérable pour M. danfossi et En Danger pour L. grewcockorum. Nous proposons également de considérer la protection des forêts d’Anjajavy, d’Ambarijeby et de Bekofafa dans la mesure où elles sont encore intactes et abritent un assez grand nombre d’espèces de lémuriens

Epidemiology of maternal mortality in Befelatanana maternity during 2016-2017

Background: Maternal mortality remains a permanent obsession for the pregnant woman and her entourage, and is still one of the topical issues faced by a developing country, such as Madagascar. Our study aims to determine the epidemiological and etiological profile.Methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study over a 2-year period from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2017 at the Befelatanana Gynecology-Obstetrics Hospital on maternal deaths.Results: We had 76 maternal deaths out of 5430 births, or 1.39%. The average age was 31.18±8.38 years with extremes of 14 and 49 years. The average parity was 2.67±1.85. The majority of pregnancies were poorly followed with a mean ANC of 2.18±1.85. The referred patients predominated at 68.42%. Women living in the urban area had a 57.89% majority. Among the etiology, hypertensive complications predominated at 42.11% followed by hemorrhagic (38.16%) and infectious (19.14%) complications. The patients who underwent surgery predominated at 78.94% and 59.21% were transfused.Conclusions: Maternal mortality remains a major concern at the Befelatanana Obstetrics Gynecology Hospital. During our study, hypertensive complications were found to be the most common causes requiring adequate management. For this, an awareness of pregnant women for the standardization of ANC, as well as regular training of health actor are necessary

Averting Lemur Extinctions amid Madagascar\u27s Political Crisis

The most threatened mammal group on Earth, Madagascar’s five endemic lemur families (lemurs are found nowhere else), represent more than 20% of the world’s primate species and 30% of family-level diversity. This combination of diversity and uniqueness is unmatched by any other country—remarkable considering that Madagascar is only 1.3 to 2.9% the size of the Neotropics, Africa, or Asia, the other three landmasses where nonhuman primates occur. But lemurs face extinction risks driven by human disturbance of forest habitats. We discuss these challenges and reasons for hope in light of site-specific, local actions proposed in an emergency conservation action plan

New density estimates of a threatened sifaka species (Propithecus coquereli) in Ankarafantsika National Park

Propithecus coquereli is one of the last sifaka species for which no reliable and extensive density estimates are yet available. Despite its endangered conservation status [IUCN, 2012] and recognition as a flagship species of the northwestern dry forests of Madagascar, its population in its last main refugium, the Ankarafantsika National Park (ANP), is still poorly known. Using line transect distance sampling surveys we estimated population density and abundance in the ANP. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of road, forest edge, river proximity and group size on sighting frequencies, and density estimates. We provide here the first population density estimates throughout the ANP. We found that density varied greatly among surveyed sites (from 5 to ∼100 ind/km2) which could result from significant (negative) effects of road, and forest edge, and/or a (positive) effect of river proximity. Our results also suggest that the population size may be ∼47,000 individuals in the ANP, hinting that the population likely underwent a strong decline in some parts of the Park in recent decades, possibly caused by habitat loss from fires and charcoal production and by poaching. We suggest community-based conservation actions for the largest remaining population of Coquerel's sifaka which will (i) maintain forest connectivity; (ii) implement alternatives to deforestation through charcoal production, logging, and grass fires; (iii) reduce poaching; and (iv) enable long-term monitoring of the population in collaboration with local authorities and researchers.Optimus!Alive- IGC fellowship, FCT fellowship: (SFRH/BD/64875/2009), University of Mahajanga, Groupement de Recherche International (GDRI), "Laboratoire d'Excellence" (LABEX) entitled TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41), the Rufford Small Grant Foundation grant: (10941-1)