La representación del personaje femenino en la novela testimonial salvadoreña desde la narrativa de: No me agarran viva de Claribel Alegría (1987), Apuntes de una historia de amor que no fue de Jacinta Escudos (1987) y La última guinda de José Rutilio Quezada (1988)

La importancia de estudiar este tema radica en que, la novela testimonial en El Salvador ha sido poco estudiada desde la óptica de las representaciones sociales de sus personajes; en este caso, el del personaje femenino. La pesquisa arroja datos que permiten conocer cómo se construye esa representación femenina en la literatura de guerra. Asimismo, la manera de cómo se va desarrollando su pensamiento y su postura en esa etapa del conflicto armado en El Salvador, tomando en cuenta que toda creación literaria utiliza elementos de la realidad para construir y narrar su historia

Érase una vez…la ciencia. Los relatos como nexo de unión entre enseñar ciencia y aprender soñando

Este proyecto se basa en la confección de relatos breves que involucren contenidos científicos de aprendizaje. Los autores de los relatos fueron los alumnos de la Facultad de Educación

La contaminación microbiana de colirios en condiciones semejantes a las de su empleo

Se ha realizado un estudio de la posible contaminación de colirios durante el uso. Para ello se han analizado 152 muestras de 76 especialidades distintas del mercado español. Han resultado contaminadas el 63% de las muestras, correspondiendo un 35% a hongos, un 28% a levaduras y un 42% a bacterias.A study of the possible contamination of ophthalmic solutions during the use was madc. A survey of 152 samples from 76 different spanish ophthalmic preparations were analyzed. The microbiological investigations refered in this paper were realized in the open eye samples. A total of 63% of then were contaminated, 42% of the isolated microorganisms were bacteria, 35% fungi and 23% yeastsTrabajo realizado con una ayuda de investigación en equipo concedida por el I. N. A. P. E

Control de esterilidad en colirios: Identificación a nivel genérico de las bacterias aisladas

Se ha realizado un estudio sobre el estado de esterilidad de 525 muestras de 75 especialidades diferentes de colirios comercializados en España, siguiendo la metodología de G. de Felip (1975). Han resultado contaminadas 17 muestras de 10 especialidades, lo que indica que un 13 por 100 de los colirios son rechazables, según los criterios de la U. S. P. XIX ed. El 30 por 100 de la contaminación se debió a Bacillus, el 40 por 100 a hongos y el 20 por 100 a Corinebacterias.The sterility of 525 samples representing 75 different eye drops preparations commercially available in Spain has been examined using the method of G. de Felip (1975), employed sterile membrane filtration (pore size 0,45 ¡.Lm) and subsequent culture. Contaminating microorganisms were found in 17 samples representing 10 different eye drop preparations. The contaminants isolated were mem bers of the fo11owing genera: Bacillus, Micrococcus, Aerococcus, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, Nocardia y also organisms which were probably corynebac teria, actinomyces, yeats or fungi. 30 % of the :contaminans belonged to the genus Bacillus, 40 % were fungi and 20 % corynebacteria. According to the criteria established by U. S. P. XIX ed. a11 these sam pIes would have been rejected. However, according to G. de Felip only two of them contained more than 1 viable organism per mI, and accordingly, the remaining ones would be considered acceptable. The Icontamination could be due to sorne fault in sterilization or in the sealing process but, in any case, a more exhaustive control of sterilization is advisable

Proposal for improvement in Inventory Management to reduce stocks of a ceramics trading company, based on S&OP (Sales and Operating planning)

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar las causas de los sobre stocks de inventarios que se mantienen en custodia en la compañía comercializadora de cerámicos y revestimientos, donde se estima plantear una propuesta de solución identificando oportunidades de mejoras durante el desarrollo de la cadena de abastecimiento. En este primer capítulo se explica los distintos títulos de investigación vinculados a lo sugerido, se presentan herramientas que se adaptan a la gestión eficiente de las existencias dentro de la cadena de suministros desde la planificación hasta la adquisición y gestión del inventario en la organización, así como también la importancia de la tecnología de la información y comunicación (TIC) como soporte en la Cadena de Suministros. Para el segundo capítulo se reseña y se determina la postura del desarrollo logístico de la empresa, con la finalidad de determinar los problemas existentes y desviaciones, para plantear una propuesta de solución y mejora, con el propósito de reducir el impacto económico financiero de la empresa. En el tercer capítulo, se presenta el diseño de la propuesta de solución, el cual está determinada por una metodología basado en el desarrollo de S&OP para ello se inquirió diversos artículos, los cuales nos admitieron introducir las medidas y criterios más importante a examinar en la plantilla que se propone. Al final, para el cuarto y último capítulo, se presentarán conclusiones y sugerencias para poner en marcha el plan de implementación de la propuesta de mejora.The main objective of this research work is to determine the causes of the overstocks of inventories that are kept in custody in the ceramic and coating trading company, where it is estimated to propose a solution identifying opportunities for improvement during the development of the chain. supply. In this first chapter, the different research titles linked to what is suggested are explained, tools that are applied to the efficient management of inventories within the supply chain are presented, from planning to adquisition and inventory management in the organization, as well as the importance of information and communication technology (ICT) as support in the Supply Chain. For the second chapter, the posture of the logistics process of the company is reviewed and evaluated, in order to determine the existing problems and deviations, to propose a solution and improvement proposal, with the purpose of reducing the financial economic impact of the company. In the third chapter, the design of the solution proposal is presented, which is determined by a methodology based on the development of S&OP (Sales and Operation Planning), for which various articles were inquired, which allowed us to introduce the measures and criteria most important to consider in the proposed template. At the end, for the fourth and last chapter, the conclusions and suggestions will be presented to start up the implementation plan of the improvement proposal.Trabajo de investigació

Role of light chain clearance in the recovery of renal function in multiple myeloma: another point of view

Lay Summary This is a retrospective multicenter study that evaluated the effectiveness of intensive haemodialysis (IHD) vs standards dialysis on renal recovery in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with myeloma multiple (MM). In this paper, we demonstrated that IHD for early light chain reduction was associated with a better renal prognosis. Another finding is the importance of maintenance diuresis as a marker of good prognosis of renal function. To our knowledge few studies have been focused in the comparison between IHD vs standard dialysis in MM patients with AKI. We consider that if we manage to recover the renal function, we achieve a great clinical impact since the patient with chronic kidney disease and especially in hemodialysis, an increased risk of mortality as well as poorer quality of life. Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) requiring renal replacement treatment (RRT) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early reduction of serum free light chains (FLC) using both targeted therapy against MM and intensive hemodialysis (IHD) may improve renal outcomes. We evaluated the effectiveness of two different RRT techniques on renal recovery in an MM patient population: standard dialysis procedure vs IHD with either polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion (HFR). Methods This was a multicentric retrospective study with severe AKI related to MM, between 2011 and 2018. Twenty-five consecutive patients with AKI secondary to MM requiring RRT were included. Patients that underwent IHD received six dialysis sessions per week during the first 14 days (PMMA vs HFR). All patients were diagnosed with de novo MM or first relapsed MM. Primary outcome was renal recovery defined as dialysis-free at 6 months follow-up. Results A total of 25 patients were included. Seventeen patients received IHD and eight standard dialysis. All patients were treated with targeted therapy, 84% bortezomib-based. Of the 25 patients included, 14 (56%) became dialysis independent. We observed a higher proportion of patients who received IHD in the group who recovered kidney function compared with those who remained in HD (92.9% vs 36.4%, P = .007). In our study, the use of IHD to remove FLC had a statistically significant association with renal recovery compared with the standard dialysis group (P = .024). Conclusion Early reduction of FLC with IHD as an adjuvant treatment along with MM-targeted therapy may exert a positive impact on renal recovery

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 modulates late pregnancy homeostatic metabolic adaptations.

Pregnancy requires the adaptation of maternal energy metabolism including expansion and functional modifications of adipose tissue. Insulin resistance (IR), predominantly during late gestation, is a physiological metabolic adaptation that serves to support the metabolic demands of fetal growth. The molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations are not fully understood and may contribute to gestational diabetes mellitus. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) controls adipogenesis, glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The PPARγ2 isoform is mainly expressed in adipocytes and is thus likely to contribute to adipose tissue adaptation during late pregnancy. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of PPARγ2 to the metabolic adaptations occurring during the late phase of pregnancy in the context of IR. Using a model of late pregnancy in PPARγ2 knockout (KO) mice, we found that deletion of PPARγ2 exacerbated IR in association with lower serum adiponectin levels, increased body weight and enhanced lipid accumulation in liver. Lack of PPARγ2 provoked changes in the distribution of fat mass and preferentially prevented the expansion of the perigonadal depot while at the same time exacerbating inflammation. PPARγ2KO pregnant mice presented adipose tissue depot-dependent decreased expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Collectively, these data indicate that PPARγ2 is essential to promote healthy adipose tissue expansion and immune and metabolic functionality during pregnancy, contributing to the physiological adaptations that lead gestation to term.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness: BFU2012-33594 and BFU2013-47384-R to GMG; SAF2015- 64287-R to M. Ricote; and SAF2014-56671-R to MPR; predoctoral fellowship BES-2010- 038107 to YV; and grants S2010/BMD-2423 from the Community of Madrid to MPR and GMG. The authors thank Saverio Cinti for his helpful comments with histological samples, Antonio Vidal-Puig for his help in discussion and Lucia Torres for technical assistance.S

Occurrence of mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in silage from the north of Portugal at feed-out

Maize and grass silages are important dietary components for ruminant livestock that influence the quality of animal products for human consumption, such as milk, in many parts of the world. Infection of plants by fungi able to produce mycotoxins, either in the field or post-harvest, can result in a decrease of silage nutritional quality and, consequently, in milk quality. In this study, 45 maize and grass silage samples were collected from 25 dairy farms located in the north of Portugal. The occurrence of fungi was evaluated in samples, the most frequently isolated species being Aspergillus fumigatus, Dipodascus geotrichum, Mucor circinelloides, Penicillium paneum, and Aspergillus flavus. The mycotoxigenic profile of the fungal species was studied using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry–ion trap–time-of-flight (UHPLC–MS–IT–TOF) detection. In addition, a new method based on a QuEChERS extraction followed by the UHPLC- tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection was developed for simultaneous analysis of 39 mycotoxins in silage. A high co-occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins was found, although at low levels of contamination. Deoxynivalenol and beauvericin were found in more than 82% of maize silage samples. It can be highlighted the low occurrence of Penicillium and Aspergillus toxins in the maize and grass silages studied despite the frequent detection of species of both generaThe research leading to these results has received funding from the following FEDER cofunded-grants. From Conselleria de Cultura, Educacion e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia, GRC (ED431C 2021/01). From Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación IISCIII/PI19/001248 and PID 2020-11262RB-C21. From European Union Interreg AlertoxNet EAPA-317-2016, Interreg Agritox EAPA-998-2018, and H2020 778069-EMERTOXS