La mujer casada en el Código Civil español: análisis de la desigualdad de género y su evolución.

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la situación de desigualdad de género desde la perspectiva de la mujer casada en el Código Civil, desde sus inicios en el año 1889, hasta las reformas más cercanas a la actualidad. No se abarcan todos los preceptos que supusieron un trato discriminatorio para la mujer casada sino aquellos más significativos como, por ejemplo, la licencia marital en cuanto limitativa de la capacidad de obrar de la mujer casada, la pérdida de la nacionalidad y de la vecindad civil de la mujer española al contraer matrimonio, en favor de la de su cónyuge o la situación de la mujer respecto de instituciones de Derecho Civil como la patria potestad y la tutela. Cada epígrafe muestra la evolución que ha sufrido nuestro Código Civil para tratar de ir adaptándose a la realidad con las sucesivas reformas legislativas

Calidad de atención y satisfacción del usuario en una entidad de salud - Chimbote 2022

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito determinar la relación entre la Calidad de Atención y la satisfacción del usuario en un centro de salud, Chimbote 2022. Este estudio se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, siendo de tipo aplicado, de alcance descriptivo correlacional y de diseño no experimental y de corte transversal. Se trabajó con una población maestral de 50 trabajadores a través del Cuestionario SERVQUAL, los datos se tabularon y graficaron en el programa estadístico SPSS versión 26 mediante tablas y figuras de frecuencias, y para la correlación entre variables se aplicó estadística inferencial mediante el Coeficiente Rho de Spearman. Los resultados esperados permitieron conocer si existe o no relación significativa entre las variables de estudio. Se concluye que existe alta correlación entre la calidad de la atención y la satisfacción del usuario en pacientes del área de medicina del Centro de Salud Progreso (Rho= 0,856; p= 0,000), lo que permite deducir que a mayor calidad de la atención existe mayor satisfacción del usuario atendido en dicho establecimiento

Análisis de los factores culturales que inciden en la evasión del impuesto de industria y comercio en el municipio de Zarzal Valle del Cauca desde el año 2013 al 2017

Con el siguiente estudio se pretende conocer cuáles son los factores culturales que inciden en la evasión del impuesto de industria y comercio en el municipio de Zarzal Valle del Cauca, lo cual se realiza a través de la caracterización del comportamiento del recaudo del impuesto de industria y comercio en los últimos cinco años, la identificación de la cultura tributaria de los comerciantes del municipio de Zarzal Valle del Cauca, asimismo se indagará cómo se puede aumentar la confianza de los contribuyentes en el Manejo del recaudo del Impuesto de industria y comercio y por último se analizará el grado de equidad que se percibe del sistema tributario en el impuesto de industria y comercio en el municipio de Zarzal Valle del Cauca. Para llegar a la conclusión esperada, el estudio se llevó a cabo mediante encuestas dirigidas a los contribuyentes del municipio, se realizó entrevista al sub-secretario de hacienda municipal, y se recolecto información que fue suministrada del área encargada, en este caso la hacienda municipal.PregradoCONTADOR(A) PÚBLIC

Short term visual outcomes of a new trifocal intraocular lens

Background: Today, patients often expect to achieve spectacle independance after cataract surgery. New trifocal intraocular lenses have been developed to try and fullfill this demand. The purpose of this study is to report the short-term visual outcomes of a new trifocal intraocular lens (AcrySof PanOptix™). Methods: Consecutive adult patients undergoing cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of the study intraocular lens in a private practice clinic were considered for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were the presence of other ocular pathologies or preoperative astigmatism >1.5 diopters (D). Patients with intraoperative complications were excluded from analysis. One month after surgery patients underwent: monocular defocus curve; monocular and binocular uncorrected visual acuity in photopic and mesopic conditions, for far (4 m), intermediate (60 cm) and near (33 cm) distances and binocular contrast sensitivity. Patients completed a visual satisfaction questionnaire between 9 and 12 months after surgery. Results: One hundred and sixteen eyes of fifty-eight patients receiving bilateral implantation of the study intraocular lens were analysed. Mean binocular uncorrected visual acuity in photopic conditions was 0.03 LogMAR for far, 0.12 for intermediate and 0.02 for near distances. All patients achieved a binocular uncorrected visual acuity better than 0.3 LogMAR (20/40 Snellen equivalent) for distance and near vision and 94.8% of patients for intermediate vision. Mesopic binocular uncorrected visual acuity values were similar to photopic values. The monocular defocus curves showed that the best visual acuity was reached at a vergence of 0.00D. Visual acuity dropped slightly at −1.00D and peaked again at −2.00D. Visual acuities better than 0.2 LogMAR were maintained between −2.50D and +0.50D. Contrast sensitivity was high and similar in photopic and mesopic conditions. As regards patient-evaluated outcomes, only 2 patients (3.4%) were fairly dissatisfied with their sight after surgery. Three patients (5.1%) reported the need for spectacle correction for certain activities. All other patients (94.8%) reported never using spectacle correction. Conclusions: The PanOptix trifocal IOL provides good short-term visual outcomes, with good intermediate performance and excellent patient-reported satisfaction. The similar values achieved in mesopic and photopic conditions in binocular uncorrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity suggest low pupillary dependence for light distribution. Trial registration number: ISRCTN60143265 , retrospectively registered on the 24th of April 2017

Perfiles psicosociales de adultos con TDAH: un estudio comparativo con muestras reclusa y clínica

ADHD; Prison; Outpatient psychiatric patients; Legal consequencesTDAH; Carcelarios; Muestra clínica; Consecuencias legalesTDAH; Presó; Pacients psiquiàtrics ambulatoris; Conseqüències legalsThis study aimed to describe and compare the educational, social, and family profiles of adults with and without ADHD from two different settings: a prison and an outpatient psychiatric setting. A total of 542 participants, aged between 17 and 69 years, took part in the study. The participants consisted of four groups: a prison sample with ADHD (n = 69) and without ADHD (n = 183), and an outpatient psychiatric sample with ADHD (n = 218) and without ADHD (n = 72). The results showed that, firstly, there were some statistically significant differences between the groups in academic history, social and family situation, and the adoption of risk behaviors during adolescence and early adulthood. Secondly, some of these differences were related to diagnosis (ADHD versus non-ADHD) while others were related to the sample being examined (prison versus psychiatric). The findings from the study showed the presence of significant implications in social, family, educational, and employment achievements both for adults with ADHD (both prison and psychiatric samples) and for adults without ADHD.Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir y comparar los perfiles educativos, sociales y familiares de un grupo de adultos con y sin TDAH de dos muestras diferentes: una de carcelarios y una población clínica. Formaron parte del estudio 542 participantes, con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 69 años. La muestra se dividió en cuatro grupos, un grupo de carcelarios con TDAH (n = 69) y sin TDAH (n = 183) y un grupo clínico con TDAH (n = 218) y sin TDAH (n = 72). Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis inicial, que establece que, primero, hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a historial académico, situación social y familiar y la adopción de conductas de riesgo durante la adolescencia y la adultez temprana; en segundo lugar, algunas de las diferencias se relacionarán con el diagnóstico de TDAH, mientras que otras estarán más vinculadas a la población examinada. Los hallazgos del estudio mostraron la presencia de consecuencias significativas para los contextos sociales, familiares, educativos y laborales tanto en poblaciones adultas con TDAH (pacientes en carcelarios y clínicos) como aquellas sin TDAH.This work was supported by the Regional Government of Asturias under Grant [FC-15-GRUPIN14-053]

Psychosocial Profiles of Adults with ADHD: A Comparative Study of Prison and Outpatient Psychiatric Samples

This study aimed to describe and compare the educational, social, and family profiles of adults with and without ADHD from two different settings: a prison and an outpatient psychiatric setting. A total of 542 participants, aged between 17 and 69 years, took part in the study. The participants consisted of four groups: a prison sample with ADHD (n = 69) and without ADHD (n = 183), and an outpatient psychiatric sample with ADHD (n = 218) and without ADHD (n = 72). The results showed that, firstly, there were some statistically significant differences between the groups in academic history, social and family situation, and the adoption of risk behaviors during adolescence and early adulthood. Secondly, some of these differences were related to diagnosis (ADHD versus non-ADHD) while others were related to the sample being examined (prison versus psychiatric). The findings from the study showed the presence of significant implications in social, family, educational, and employment achievements both for adults with ADHD (both prison and psychiatric samples) and for adults without ADHD

Gender differences in the decision-making process for undergoing total knee replacement

Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICThis project was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Health, Spain (grant number PI15/01264).Objective: To assess gender differences in the decision-making process for treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial was conducted (n = 193). Knowledge of OA and total knee replacement (TKR), decisional conflict, satisfaction with the decision-making process, treatment preference and TKR uptake 6 months later were compared by gender. Multivariate regression models were developed to identify gender-specific predictors. Results: Women showed less knowledge (MD = −7.68, 95% CI: −13.9, −1.46, p = 0.016), reported less satisfaction (MD = −6.95, 95% CI: −11.7, −2.23, p = 0.004) and gave more importance to avoiding surgery (U = 2.09, p = 0.019). In women, more importance attributed to the time needed to relieve symptoms significantly reduced the odds of surgery (OR = 0.76, p = 0.016). Conclusion: The provision of information and/or promotion of shared decision-making could be of lower quality in female patients, although other explanations such as differences in information needs or preference for involvement in decision-making cannot be ruled out with the current evidence. Given the study's limitations, especially regarding the sample size, further confirmation is needed. Practice implications: A systematic, shared decision-making approach in consultation is needed to avoid potential gender-based biases

Approximate Profile Maximum Likelihood

We propose an efficient algorithm for approximate computation of the profile maximum likelihood (PML), a variant of maximum likelihood maximizing the probability of observing a sufficient statistic rather than the empirical sample. The PML has appealing theoretical properties, but is difficult to compute exactly. Inspired by observations gleaned from exactly solvable cases, we look for an approximate PML solution, which, intuitively, clumps comparably frequent symbols into one symbol. This amounts to lower-bounding a certain matrix permanent by summing over a subgroup of the symmetric group rather than the whole group during the computation. We extensively experiment with the approximate solution, and find the empirical performance of our approach is competitive and sometimes significantly better than state-of-the-art performance for various estimation problems

The relationship between patient empowerment and related constructs, affective symptoms and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionThe aim of this systematic review is to assess the relationship between patient empowerment and other empowerment-related constructs, and affective symptoms and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted, according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies addressing adult patients with type 2 diabetes and reporting the association between empowerment-related constructs and subjective measures of anxiety, depression and distress, as well as self-reported quality of life were included. The following electronic databases were consulted from inception to July 2022: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. The methodological quality of the included studies was analyzed using validated tools adapted to each study design. Meta-analyses of correlations were performed using an inverse variance restricted maximum likelihood random-effects.ResultsThe initial search yielded 2463 references and seventy-one studies were finally included. We found a weak-to-moderate inverse association between patient empowerment-related constructs and both anxiety (r = −0.22) and depression (r = −0.29). Moreover, empowerment-related constructs were moderately negatively correlated with distress (r = −0.31) and moderately positively correlated with general quality of life (r = 0.32). Small associations between empowerment-related constructs and both mental (r = 0.23) and physical quality of life (r = 0.13) were also reported.DiscussionThis evidence is mostly from cross-sectional studies. High-quality prospective studies are needed not only to better understand the role of patient empowerment but to assess causal associations. The results of the study highlight the importance of patient empowerment and other empowerment-related constructs such as self-efficacy or perceived control in diabetes care. Thus, they should be considered in the design, development and implementation of effective interventions and policies aimed at improving psychosocial outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020192429, identifier CRD42020192429

Cross-cultural validation of the patient-practitioner orientation scale among primary care professionals in Spain

In recent decades, many self-report instruments have been developed to assess the extent to which patients want to be informed and involved in decisions about their health as part of the concept of person-centred care (PCC). The main objective of this research was to translate, adapt and validate the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) using a sample of primary care health-care professionals in Spain. Baseline analysis of PPOS scores for 321 primary care professionals (general practitioners and nurses) from 63 centres and 3 Spanish regions participating in a randomized controlled trial. We analysed missing values, distributions and descriptive statistics, item-to-scale correlations and internal consistency. Performed were confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the 2-factor model (sharing and caring dimensions), scale depuration and principal component analysis (PCA). Low inter-item correlations were observed, and the CFA 2-factor model only obtained a good fit to the data after excluding 8 items. Internal consistency of the 10-item PPOS was acceptable (0.77), but low for individual subscales (0.70 and 0.55). PCA results suggest a possible 3-factor structure. Participants showed a patient-oriented style (mean = 4.46, SD = 0.73), with higher scores for caring than sharing. Although the 2-factor model obtained empirical support, measurement indicators of the PPOS (caring dimension) could be improved. Spanish primary care health-care professionals overall show a patient-oriented attitude, although less marked in issues such as patients' need for and management of medical information