Toward Tool-Independent Summaries for Symbolic Execution

We introduce a new symbolic reflection API for implementing tool-independent summaries for the symbolic execution of C programs. We formalise the proposed API as a symbolic semantics and extend two state-of-the-art symbolic execution tools with support for it. Using the proposed API, we implement 67 tool-independent symbolic summaries for a total of 26 libc functions. Furthermore, we present SumBoundVerify, a fully automatic summary validation tool for checking the bounded correctness of the symbolic summaries written using our symbolic reflection API. We use SumBoundVerify to validate 37 symbolic summaries taken from 3 state-of-the-art symbolic execution tools, angr, Binsec and Manticore, detecting a total of 24 buggy summaries

Toward Tool-Independent Summaries for Symbolic Execution (Artifact)

The artifact contains the extended versions of the tools angr and AVD with support for the symbolic reflection API proposed in the paper. Additionally, the artifact contains the source code of SumBoundVerify, our novel tool for the bounded-verification of symbolic summaries for the C programming language. The artifact contains all the scripts and datasets required to obtain the results presented in the paper, including: a library of 67 symbolic summaries implemented using the proposed symbolic reflection API; two symbolic test suites designed to test two open source C libraries; and the source code of the third-party summaries that were validated checked with SumBoundVerify

Ambulatory chest physiotherapy in mild-to-moderate acute bronchiolitis in children under two years of age — A randomized control trial

The aim of this study was to compare the role of a chest physiotherapy (CP) intervention to no intervention on the respiratory status of children under two years of age, with mild-to-moderate bronchiolitis. Out of 80 eligible children observed in the Emergency Room, 45 children completed the study with 28 randomized to the intervention group and 17 to the control group. The intervention protocol, applied in an ambulatory setting, consisted of combined techniques of passive prolonged slow expiration, rhinopharyngeal clearance and provoked cough. The control group was assessed with no chest physiotherapy intervention. The efficacy of chest physiotherapy was assessed using the Kristjansson Respiratory Score at the admission and discharge of the visit to the Emergency Room and during clinical visits at day 7 and day 15. There was a significant improvement in the Kristjansson Respiratory Score in the intervention group compared to the control group at day 15 [1.2 (1.5) versus 0.3 (0.5); p-value=0.005, in the control and intervention groups, respectively], with a mean difference (95% CI) of −0.9 (−1.6 to −0.3). Chest physiotherapy had a positive impact on the respiratory status of children with mild-to-moderate bronchiolitis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparison of Kristjansson Respiratory Score and Wang Respiratory Score in infants with bronchiolitis in a hospital emergency department

Objective: Several respiratory scores have been created to evaluate bronchiolitis' severity level, but it is still not clear which is the best score. The aim of this study is to compare the Wang Respiratory Score (WRS) and the Kristjansson Respiratory Score (KRS) in the setting of an emergency room. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study with 60 infants with bronchiolitis admitted to a paediatric emergency department. For both scores, we assessed inter-rater reliability between two different health professionals (physician and physiotherapist), internal consistency, and correlation with SpO2 testing the intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC), weighted kappa, Cronbach α coefficient and Spearman tests, respectively. Results: The inter-rater reliability was higher in KRS (ICC 0.79) and the Cronbach α and weighted kappa had similar values in KRS versus WRS. The correlation between the KRS/WRS and SpO2 was poor/moderate upon admission and discharge for the first observer and the second observer. Conclusions: While the internal consistency was similar in both scores, inter-rater reliability of KRS was higher than WRS, which allows us to conclude that it would have more consistent results when used to assess bronchiolitis' level of severity by health personnel in a busy hospital emergency room.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diabetes: mais saber, melhor viver

Introdução: A Diabetes é uma doença crónica, cuja prevalência tem aumentado em todas as faixas etárias. Visto a literacia em saúde estar relacionada com as competências e conheci-mentos das pessoas, permitindo tomarem decisões acerca da sua saúde, pode-se referir que um nível adequado de literacia é essencial na autogestão da diabetes. As necessidades identifica-das no diagnóstico de situação, justificaram a pertinência do projeto “Diabetes: mais saber, melhor viver”. Objetivo: Promover a literacia em saúde nos utentes diabéticos tipo 2, em idade ativa, inscri-tos no Centro de Saúde de Ferreira do Alentejo, potenciando comportamentos adequados. Metodologia: Recorreu-se à metodologia do planeamento em saúde. Resultados: Verificou-se um défice de conhecimentos e a adoção de comportamentos desa-dequados, definindo-se estratégias de promoção da saúde, focadas na educação para a saúde. Conclusão: As avaliações realizadas, revelaram que as intervenções delineadas vão de encon-tro aos objetivos propostos, dando-lhes respostas; Diabetes: know more, live better ABSTRACT: Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease and its prevalence has increased in all age groups. Health literacy is related to people's skills and knowledge, what enables them to decide about their health. It can be said that having an adequate level of literacy is essential for a self-management of diabetes. The identified needs with the diagnosis justify the pertinence of the project "Diabetes: know more, live better". Purpose: To promote health literacy of active age patients with diabetics type 2, who are registered in the Health Center of Ferreira do Alentejo, promoting appropriate behaviors. Methodology: It was used the methodology of health planning. Results: It was observed a lack of knowledge as well as the adoption of inappropriate behaviors therefore strategies for health promotion were defined, focusing on health education. Conclusion: The carried out evaluations revealed that the outlined interventions are in conformity with the proposed objectives, giving them answers

Situación financiera de la movilidad urbana en São Paulo

El escenario de la movilidad urbana en América Latina y el Caribe es dinámico. La tasa de motorización es cada vez mayor, las manchas urbanas siguen expandiéndose, la evolución tecnológica y la digitalización están cambiando las formas y necesidades de desplazamiento, y la búsqueda de una movilidad más sostenible ha impulsado experimentos y compromisos para fomentar la movilidad activa y la descarbonización de las flotas de vehículos. Por su parte, la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) impuso desafíos adicionales a la sostenibilidad financiera de los sistemas. A fin de implementar un gran impulso para la movilidad, es preciso conocer las fuentes usuales de recursos de los sistemas de transporte público de pasajeros y sus políticas tarifarias. En este estudio, se analizan las condiciones de financiamiento de los distintos modos de transporte público colectivo en São Paulo (Brasil). Para ello, se estudian las características de los principales sistemas de transporte, las condiciones financieras, la asignación de recursos públicos, la política social y el gasto para los usuarios, así como las políticas públicas necesarias para el futuro de este servicio fundamental.Introducción .-- I. Sistema Autobuses (SB) .-- II. Sistema Vías Férreas (SF) .-- III. Sistema ciclovías .-- IV. Sistema Peatonal (SP) .-- V. Estimación del gasto de la población en transporte .-- VI. Iniciativas de gestión de demanda de vehículos privados .-- VII. Conclusión

Femtosecond laser-assisted Cvintal topoplasty

We present a case of late high progressive astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus, which was associated with peripheral thinning in the donor-receptor area, which may be recognized as recurrence of ectasia. Treatment was accomplished with Cvintal's Topoplasty assisted by femtosecond laser for a top hat, followed by resuture with peroperative adjustment guided by ceratoscopy.Apresentamos um relato de astigmatismo tardio progressivo pós-transplante de córnea para ceratocone, associado à afinamento periférico na junção doador-receptor, o que presumidamente pode ser considerado como recorrência da ectasia. O caso foi tratado por meio de Topoplastia de Cvintal assistida por laser de femtossegundo para a confecção da incisão com geometria top hat, seguido de sutura com ajuste per-operatório guiado por ceratoscopia.Instituto Benjamin Constant Serviço de OftalmologiaInstituto Benjamin Constant Setor de CórneaInstituto de Olhos Renato AmbrósioUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) OftalmologiaUNIFESP, OftalmologiaSciEL