Review of Actinide Decorporation with Chelating Agents

International audienceIn case of accidental release of radionuclides in a nuclear facility or in the environment, internal contamination (inhalation, in-gestion or wound) with actinides represents a severe health risk to human beings. It is therefore important to provide effective che-lation therapy or decorporation to reduce acute radiation damage, chemical toxicity, and late radiation effects. Speciation governs bioavailability and toxicity of elements and it is a prerequisite tool for the design and success of new ligands or chelating agents. The purpose of this review is to present the state-of-the-art of actinide decorporation within biological media, to recall briefly actinide metabolism, to list the basic constraints of actinideeligand for development, to describe main tools developed and used for decorporation studies, to review mainly the chelating agents tested for actinides, and finally to conclude on the future trends in this field. To cite this article: E ´. Ansoborlo et al., C. R. Chimie X 33 (2007). Ó 2007 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.En cas de rejet accidentel de radionucléides dans une installation nucléaire ou dans l'environnement, il existe un risque de contamination interne (inhalation, ingestion ou blessure) pour l'homme et il est important de pouvoir fournir un traitement thérapeutique par des agents chélatants ou décorporation permettant de réduire la dose, la toxicité chimique et les effets retardés des radiations.La spéciation domine la biodisponibilité et la toxicité des éléments et représente un outil indispensable pour la conception et l'efficacité de nouveaux ligands ou chélatants. Le but de cet article est de présenter l'état de l'art sur la décorporation des actinides en milieu biologique, de rappeler les grandes lignes du métabolisme des actinides, de lister les contraintes indispensables actinide–ligands pour la décorporation, de décrire succinctement les principaux outils expérimentaux ou analytiques utilisés, de passer en revue les principaux ligands testés pour les actinides et de présenter les orientations du futur dans ce domaine

Increased cortical surface area and gyrification following long-term survival from early monocular enucleation

AbstractPurposeRetinoblastoma is typically diagnosed before 5 years of age and is often treated by enucleation (surgical removal) of the cancerous eye. Here, we sought to characterize morphological changes of the cortex following long-term survival from early monocular enucleation.MethodsNine adults with early right-eye enucleation (≤48 months of age) due to retinoblastoma were compared to 18 binocularly intact controls. Surface area, cortical thickness, and gyrification estimates were obtained from T1 weighted images and group differences were examined.ResultsEarly monocular enucleation was associated with increased surface area and/or gyrification in visual (i.e., V1, inferior temporal), auditory (i.e., supramarginal), and multisensory (i.e., superior temporal, inferior parietal, superior parietal) cortices compared with controls. Visual cortex increases were restricted to the right hemisphere contralateral to the remaining eye, consistent with previous subcortical data showing asymmetrical lateral geniculate nucleus volume following early monocular enucleation.ConclusionsAltered morphological development of visual, auditory, and multisensory regions occurs subsequent to long-time survival from early eye loss

Effects of DTPP, CAP, LIHOPO and DTPA on Removal of Plutonium in Rats

Effects of new two chelating agents, DTPP and CAP, in removing plutonium were compared to those of 3,4,3-LIHOPO (LIHOPO) and Ca-DTPA in rats. Twenty five female Wistar rats, 8 weeks old, were pre-injected with plutonium-239 in the right femoral muscles and divided into five groups; thereafter Rats of four groups were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mmol/kg of DTPP, CAP, LIHOPO or Ca-DTPA respectively, once per day for 3 days, beginning 1 hr after plutonium injection on the first day. The other one group was used a control. On day 4, rats were sacrificed to obtain organs and serum. Urinary excretion rate of DTPP was higher, and followed by Ca-DTPA, LIHOPO at the first day and decreased. Feces excretion rate of LIHOPO was higher than other agents for 3 days. CAP had no effect. Total amount of excreted Pu in urine and feces for 3 days of LIHOPO was higher, and followed by Ca-DTPA and DTPP. In the concentration of organs and serum were LIHOPO=DTPP<Ca-DTPA in bone and liver, DTPP<LIHOPO=Ca-DTPA in kidney, DTPP=LIHOPO in serum. The results indicate that LIHOPO was most effective in removing plutonium and DTPP may be worthwhile to examine more in future.7th International Symposium on Chelating Agents in Biomedicine, Toxicology and therapeutic

Effects of DTPP,CAP,LIHOPO and DTPA on removal of plutomium in rats

Effects of new two chelating agents, DTPP and CAP, in removing plutonium were compared to those of 3,4,3-LIHOPO (LIHOPO) and Ca-DTPA in rats. Twenty five female Wistar rats, 8 weeks old, were pre-injected with plutonium-239 in the right femoral muscles and divided into five groups; thereafter Rats of four groups were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mmol/kg of DTPP, CAP, LIHOPO or Ca-DTPA respectively, once per day for 3 days, beginning 1 hr after plutonium injection on the first day. The other one group was used a control. On day 4, rats were sacrificed to obtain organs and serum. Urinary excretion rate of DTPP was higher, and followed by Ca-DTPA, LIHOPO at the first day and decreased. Feces excretion rate of LIHOPO was higher than other agents for 3 days. CAP had no effect. Total amount of excreted Pu in urine and feces for 3 days of LIHOPO was higher, and followed by Ca-DTPA and DTPP. In the concentration of organs and serum were LIHOPO=DTPP<Ca-DTPA in bone and liver, DTPP<LIHOPO=Ca-DTPA in kidney, DTPP=LIHOPO in serum. The results indicate that LIHOPO was most effective in removing plutonium and DTPP may be worthwhile to examine more in future.7th International Symposium on Chelating Agents in Biomedicine, Toxicology and therapeutic