Prospects of biobutanol as fuel for small machinery

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá využitím butanolových směsí lihových paliv vyrobených z biomasy (bio-butanolu) a jejich použitím v malých zážehových motorech. Cílem diplomové práce bylo: 1) provést kritický přehled technických, ekonomických a ekologických aspektů výroby butanolu z biomasy, 2) zhodnotit praktické aspekty využití izomerů butanolu včetně materiálové kompatibility a startovatelnosti motoru a 3) porovnat a vyhodnotit výkonové a emisní charakteristiky směsí izomerů butanolu a čistého benzinu na generátoru malého zážehového motoru. Studie provedená v této práci zahrnuje různé aspekty butanolu, od výroby bio-butanolu z biomasy, přes posouzení jeho životního cyklu až po uhlíkovou stopu z výroby bio-butanolu. V této práci jsou uvedeny studie o materiálové kompatibilitě a startovatelnosti butanolu v motoru, spolu s výkonem a experimentální analýzou emisních charakteristik různých směsí butanol-benzinového paliva na vzduchem chlazeném jednoválcovém čtyřtaktním zážehovém motoru, který se používá k pohonu generátoru, s některými úpravami průměru trysky karburátoru, byly vyhodnoceny a výsledky byly analyzovány za účelem studia vlivu butanol-alkoholu jako paliva spolu s vlivem poměru vzduch/palivo na měrné emise různého procentuálního obsahu alkoholu v palivových směsích.This diploma thesis deals with the utilization of butanol blends of alcohol fuels produced from biomass (bio-butanol) and their application in small spark ignition engines. The goals of thesis were 1) To conduct a critical review on the technical, economical, and environmental aspects of production of butanol from biomass, 2) To evaluate the practical aspects of use of butanol isomers including material compatibility and engine startability and 3) To compare and evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of butanol isomer gasoline blends and pure gasoline on small spark-ignition engine generator. The study done in this thesis covers different aspects of butanol, from production of bio-butanol from biomass, its life cycle assessment and carbon foot print from bio-butanol production. Studies on material compatibility and engine startability of butanol are presented in this thesis, along with performance and experimental analysis of emission characteristics of different blends of butanol gasoline fuel on an air-cooled single-cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine used to power the generator, with some modifications to the carburetor nozzle diameter, were evaluated and results were analyzed to study the effect of butanol alcohol as fuel along with effect of air/fuel ratio on the specific emissions of different percentage of alcohol content in fuel blends

Biometrics: a look at face recognition / Loimih Ramidi

Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic. Biometric technologies are becoming the foundation of an extensive array of highly secure identification and personal verification solutions. Face authentication is a fairly young technology compared to other biometrics. Research in this field has been going on for decades, but it has been in the last 10 to 15 years that the greatest advances have taken place. The analysis process over the years has moved away from using the simple geometry of key facial points to the use of more complex mathematical techniques

New Era and Islam (Ketegangan Islam Terhadap Makna Realitas)

Abstrak:Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah membahas tentang gerakan-gerakan yang dilakukan dan dalam merespon perkembangan dan kemajuan kebudayaan barat dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan ataupun sains. Intelektual muslim dalam menanggapi hal tersebut dianggap sebagai zaman yang absurd dan menimbulkan semacam perlawanan terhadap realitas kehidupan ini.Permasalahan ini berawal dari konsep nation-state (Negara-bangsa) yang menilai dan mengancam nilai-nilai eksistensi dari agama dan muncul gerakan separatis dan pengklaiman bahwa konsep khilafah adalah salah satu jalan atau metode untuk mengembalikan kejayaan islam. Saat ini, intelektual muslim semangat dalam memahami realitas namun tidak bisa menyesuaikan diri karena doktrin-dokrin dalam agama, maka diperlukan semacam desain untuk memahaminya yaitu islam bukan hanya tentang halal dan haram dan membutuhkan pembongkaran terhadap pemahaman-pemahaman para ahli Fiqh. Oleh karenanya fokus tulisan ini melihat Islam dalam sejarah dan memaparkan Islam yang stagnan terhadap modernitas dan tidak bisa menyesuaikan dirinya dengan peradaban ketika dibenturkan sama doktrin dalam agama yaitu masalah keyakinan (beliefs) serta menjelaskan keragaman dalam islam. tulisan ini mengkaji dan membahas islam dengan pendekatan antropologi sebagai metode untuk melakukan analisis. Hasil dari tulisan ini adalah umat muslim secara realita belum mampu hidup berdampingan dengan modernitas yang menampilkan semacam kesex-an dan life style. Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to discuss the movements carried out and in response to the development and progress of western culture in the fields of science or science. Muslim intellectuals in responding to this are considered as an absurd era and cause a kind of resistance to the reality of this life. This problem starts from the concept of nation-state (nation-state) which assesses and threatens the values of existence of religion and separatist movements and claims appear the concept of khilafah is one way or method to restore the glory of Islam. At present, Muslim intellectuals are enthusiastic in understanding reality but cannot adapt themselves because of doctrines in religion, so a design is needed to understand it, which Islam is not only about halal and haram and requires demolition of the Fiqh experts' understanding. Therefore the focus of this paper is to look at Islam in history and expose Islam that is stagnant with modernity and cannot adapt itself to civilization when it is clashed with doctrines in religion, namely the problem of beliefs and explains the diversity in Islam. This paper examines and discusses Islam with an anthropological approach as a method for conducting analysis. The result of this paper is that Muslims have not been able to live side by side with modernity that displays a kind of sex and life style

Analyzing and forecasting the gross foreign direct investment towards domestic demand and export in Malaysia economy / Nellyianah Ramidi

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can be considered as an important economic indicator in developing countries that may influence the other variables changes by bringing in the new technology and improving the workers’ skill. Most of the previous studies using the FDI as a dependent variable but in this study it is used as an independent variable. The main objective of this study is to identify the contribution of gross FDI towards domestic demand, economic growth and export in the Malaysian economy. The annual data from 1970 to 2011 have been used to test the Johansen co- integration test, the Exponential Smoothing approach, the Box-Jenkins approaches and the Granger causality test. The cointegration\ test found that there is at least one co-integration that exists among FDI, EXP, GDP, GFC and HFC at the five percent of significant in the long run. Both of the Exponential Smoothing and the Box-Jenkins approaches are being employed since there are strengths and weaknesses for the applied models. Hence, both of these methods have been used to gain the most accurate prediction by determining the lower forecasting error measures and the information criterion value. After conducted the forecasting test, it is been proven that Box-Jenkins approaches are the most powerful forecasting method compared to exponential smoothing. Whereas, the Granger causality test found new evidence for the actual data which supports the previous study that there is bi- directional causality effect among the variables. However, the causality tests for in- sample and outsample data gained a mixed result for each hypothesis. The outcomes of this study proved that all the developed hypotheses testing for FDI is still valid and considered important as an economic instrument to boost the export, domestic demand and economic growth in Malaysia

Pandangan staf wanita Islam UiTM Kampus Samarahan terhadap poligami - FASS Final Project (BIS)

Agama Islam merupakan agama yang mengharuskan poligami. Namun demikian, dalam kalangan umat Islam itu sendiri tidak mengetahui hukum poligami yang sering disalahertikan oleh masyarakat khususnya dalam kalangan kaum wanita. Malah, keharusan berpoligami yang telah termaktub dalam al-Quran tidak difahami dengan jelas dan tepat oleh segelintir kaum lelaki yang ingin berpoligami. Kurangnya kefahaman tentang hukum serta syarat-syarat poligami telah menjadikan syariat ini dipandang negatif oleh masyarakat. Pihak yang mengamalkan poligami sewajarnya menepati syarat yang telah ditetapkan oleh syarak dan memahami secara tuntas kewajipan yang mereka perlu penuhi agar amalan poligami menepati konsep yang ditetapkan oleh syarak dan syariat ini tidak menjadi ‘trauma’ kepada kaum hawa yang terlibat dengan poligami (Hafiz Firdaus Abdullah, 2012). (Abstract by author

GENERALISASI BIMBINGAN KONSELING PRIBADI DAN SOSIAL UNTUK REMAJA DI ERA MILENIAL

The purpose of this paper is to describe the reality of youth in the millennial era about the challenges of the times or the influence of globalization. Threats to adolescents are very complex and how to optimize their strengths and opportunities. In this article try to discuss criminal cases that have occurred since 2014-2017 based on historical facts from the Directorate of Political and Security Statistics Indonesia, it turns out the results of the research are crime data and those who are exposed to crimes continue to increase from years previous. Therefore, the author tries to discuss the role of personal and social counselling as a model for developing or minimizing these crimes. The method used is the literature method and descriptive method. The literature method is the result of someone’s writing from the article and tries to distinguish the results from this article. While the descriptive method is data or results of research from one institution to another. The results of the analysis in this article use a group counselling approach in the view of Alfred Adler and require several stages, namely: a. the stage of forming and maintaining relationships, b. stage of analysis and assessment, c. insight stage and, d. back orientation stage

A Rare Case of Subependymoma with an Atypical Presentation: A Case Report

A rare case of subependymoma in a young patient presenting with sensory dysesthesia is reported. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a posterior fossa mass occluding the fourth ventricle with infiltration to the right side immediately behind the pontine tegmentum and impinging on the right spinothalamic tract. Postoperative tumor histopathology revealed the classical appearance of subependymoma. Subependymoma is a rare, asymptomatic, slow-growing, low-grade glioma of the central nervous system. If symptomatic, the clinical features are commonly secondary to hydrocephalus, but subependymoma presenting with sensory dysesthesia has never been reported in the literature

Collapsing glomerulopathy in sickle cell disease: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Sickle cell disease has been associated with many renal structural and functional abnormalities. Collapsing glomerulopathy or the collapsing variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a rare clinicopathologic entity in patients with sickle cell disease that requires timely diagnosis and aggressive management.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>In this case report we describe a 21-year-old African-American woman with a medical history of significant sickle cell disease and asthma. She was admitted for pain, decreased urine output, bilateral leg swelling and reported weight gain. During her period of hospitalisation she developed acute renal failure requiring dialysis. Further investigation revealed the collapsing variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Although focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a common feature of sickle cell nephropathy, the collapsing variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or collapsing glomerulopathy has been rarely documented. Even when other risk factors are controlled, collapsing glomerulopathy has a very poor prognosis. This is a rare case of a patient with massive proteinuria presenting as acute renal failure with a very poor response to corticosteroids and a much faster rate of progression to end-stage renal disease.</p

Stable Fe( iii ) phenoxyimines as selective and robust CO2/epoxide coupling catalysts

Three phenoxyimine Fe(III)Cl complexes bearing electronically diverse -Cl, -H or -tBu substituents in the ortho position were synthesised. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the complexes reveals mononuclear structures with pentacoordinate iron centres and trigonal bipyramidal geometries. All three complexes demonstrated excellent catalytic activities towards CO2/epoxide coupling to selectively form cyclic carbonates, with catalyst activity correlating with the electron withdrawing nature of the ortho-substituent (Cl &gt; H &gt; tBu) and thus the Lewis acidity of the metal centre. The chloro-substituted complex displayed remarkable activity in the synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene oxide and CO2, reaching turnover frequencies (TOF) up to 760 h-1 in the presence of TBABr co-catalyst at 120°C and 20 bars of CO2 pressure. Importantly, the catalyst is also very robust, functioning with high substrate loading, under air or in the presence of water. The substrate scope was successfully extended to other terminal epoxides including epichlorohydrin (TOF = 900 h-1) and to the more challenging internal epoxide, cyclohexene oxide (TOF = 80 h-1). These are amongst the highest TOF values reported for an iron CO2/epoxide coupling catalyst to date