Transport study of Berry's phase, the resistivity rule, and quantum Hall effect in graphite

Transport measurements indicate strong oscillations in the Hall-,$R_{xy}$, and the diagonal-, $R_{xx}$, resistances and exhibit Hall plateaus at the lowest temperatures, in three-dimensional Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG). At the same time, a comparative Shubnikov-de Haas-oscillations-based Berry's phase analysis indicates that graphite is unlike the GaAs/AlGaAs 2D electron system, the 3D n-GaAs epilayer, semiconducting $Hg_{0.8}Cd_{0.2}Te$, and some other systems. Finally, we observe the transport data to follow $B\times dR_{xy}/dB \approx - \Delta R_{xx}$. This feature is consistent with the observed relative phases of the oscillatory $R_{xx}$ and $R_{xy}$.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

A multimedia visualization tool for solving mechanics dynamics problem

The objective of this research is to complement and enhanced traditional tutorial teaching and learning by incorporating multimedia technology. In this case study, the development of a PC base virtual experiment for mechanics dynamics problem involving the motion of a projectile that is taught in the second year of the mechanical engineering undergraduate course at University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) is described. The developed prototype tool was found to be effective in promoting learning and the outcome of this research revealed that multimedia approach enhanced user understanding of the underlying theory of engineering mechanics, promote interactivity as well as visualization and users are able to solve engineering problem such as motion of a projectile quickly and efficiently.The objective of this research is to complement and enhanced traditional tutorial teaching and learning by incorporating multimedia technology. In this case study, the development of a PC base virtual experiment for mechanics dynamics problem involving the motion of a projectile that is taught in the second year of the mechanical engineering undergraduate course at University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) is described. The developed prototype tool was found to be effective in promoting learning and the outcome of this research revealed that multimedia approach enhanced user understanding of the underlying theory of engineering mechanics, promote interactivity as well as visualization and users are able to solve engineering problem such as motion of a projectile quickly and efficiently

Cost Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting for Groundwater Recharge in Micro-Watersheds of Kolar District of India: The Case Study of Thotli Micro-Watershed

This study has estimated the supply augmentation of groundwater recharge due to creation of water harvesting structures and has assessed the cost-effectiveness of rainwater harvesting for groundwater recharge on watershed basis in one of the sub-watersheds of the Kolar district, Peninsular India — a typically hard-rock area. The study is based on the primary data for the year 2008-09 collected from a sample of 90 farmers having irrigation bore-wells in the selected watershed named Thotli. The study has indicated that the annual draft of irrigation water exceeds the annual recharge, causing a negative balance. On an average, the returns per rupee investment have been found to be ` 1.80 on farm pond, ` 1.78 on recharge pit and ` 1.39 on field bund. The cost incurred to impound a metre cube of water has been found as ` 3.01 in the case of field bund, where estimated recharge benefit is 5.6 m3, ` 1.67 /m3 in the case of recharge pit (with an estimated recharge benefit of 720 m3), and ` 1.33 /m3 in the case of farm pond (recharge benefit of 1350 m3). The discounted cost-benefit analysis of the investment on water harvesting structures has indicated that the investment on water harvesting structures is cost-effective and financially-viable.Rainwater harvesting, Economic feasibility, Groundwater recharge, Watershed, Agricultural and Food Policy, Q15, Q25,

A multimedia visualization tool for solving mechanics dynamics problem

The objective of this research is to complement and enhanced traditional tutorial teaching and learning by incorporating multimedia technology. In this case study, the development of a PC base virtual experiment for mechanics dynamics problem involving the motion of a projectile that is taught in the second year of the mechanical engineering undergraduate course at University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) is described. The developed prototype tool was found to be effective in promoting learning and the outcome of this research revealed that multimedia approach enhanced user understanding of the underlying theory of engineering mechanics, promote interactivity as well as visualization and users are able to solve engineering problem such as motion of a projectile quickly and efficiently.The objective of this research is to complement and enhanced traditional tutorial teaching and learning by incorporating multimedia technology. In this case study, the development of a PC base virtual experiment for mechanics dynamics problem involving the motion of a projectile that is taught in the second year of the mechanical engineering undergraduate course at University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) is described. The developed prototype tool was found to be effective in promoting learning and the outcome of this research revealed that multimedia approach enhanced user understanding of the underlying theory of engineering mechanics, promote interactivity as well as visualization and users are able to solve engineering problem such as motion of a projectile quickly and efficiently

Major Ion Chemistry and Groundwater Quality Evaluation for Irrigation

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of Groundwater analyzed in the study area of Coimbatore district by collecting 60 samples from agricultural belt. Groundwater quality for irrigation is determined by several key factors like pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solids (TDS). The cations such as Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+ ) and anions are Hydrocarbon (HCO3), Carbonate (CO3 -), Chlorides (Cl-)and Sulphates (SO4 2-) are tested. The irrigation water quality parameters such as Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Chloro Alkali Indices (CA I & CAII), Kelley’s Ratio (KR), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Percent sodium (%Na) and Permeability Index (PI), Soluble sodium Percent (SSP) are computed from the key factors, anions and cations. From the USSL Diagram the samples fall in C2S1, C3S1, C4S1 range. Salinity hazard is too elevated in the study area, all the samples are categorized under high to very high with the values greater than 750 μS/cm. Total dissolved solid in the study area indicated that only 2 locations are unfit for irrigation. SAR and % Na shows that there is no hazard related to irrigation watering. Magnesium hazard in the groundwater is high and indicates 51 sample out of 60 is unsuitable for irrigation. From the study it indicates the groundwater is contaminated with salt content and in most of the area it can be used for irrigation. Keywords: Groundwater, Irrigation water quality, Salinity hazard, Kelley’s ratio, Magnesium hazar

New Occurrences of Cymothoa eremita in Coachwhip trevally, Carangoides oblongus (Cuvier, 1833) along Karaikal, Southern Coast of lndia

Parasitic fish diseases are oneof the mast importantpmblems in the fisheries sector. Cymothoidsare obligatory parasites, mostly infesting the cornmenially important fishes. They are blood suckers living in the skin surface, gill filaments, and or in bud cavity of fishes

Some Remarks on Ricci Solitons

We obtain an intrinsic formula of a Ricci soliton vector field and a differential condition for the non-steady case to be gradient. Next we provide a condition for a Ricci soliton on a Kaehler manifold to be a Kaehler–Ricci soliton. Finally we give an example supporting the first result

Probing the role of single defects on the thermodynamics of electric-field induced phase transitions

The kinetics and thermodynamics of first order transitions is universally controlled by defects that act as nucleation sites and pinning centers. Here we demonstrate that defect-domain interactions during polarization reversal processes in ferroelectric materials result in a pronounced fine structure in electromechanical hysteresis loops. Spatially-resolved imaging of a single defect center in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin film is achieved, and the defect size and built-in field are determined self-consistently from the single-point spectroscopic measurements and spatially-resolved images. This methodology is universal and can be applied to other reversible bias-induced transitions including electrochemical reactions.Comment: 34 pages,4 figures, high quality figures are available upon request, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Allosteric serine hydroxymethyltransferase from monkey liver: Temperature induced conformational transitions

The homogeneous serine hydroxymethyltransferase from monkey liver was optimally activate at 60° C and the Arrhenius plot for the enzyme was nonlinear with a break at 15° C. The monkey liver enzyme showed high thermal stability of 62°C, as monitored by circular dichroism at 222 nm, absorbance at 280 nm and enzyme activity. The enzyme exhibited a sharp co-operative thermal transition in the range of 50°-70° (Tm= 65°C), as monitored by circular dichroism. L-Serine protected the enzyme against both thermal inactivation and thermal disruption of the secondary structure. The homotropic interactions of tetrahydrofolate with the enzyme was abolished at high temperatures (at 70°C, the Hill coefficient value was 1.0). A plot of h values vs. assay temperature of tetrahydrofolate saturation experiments, showed the presence of an intermediate conformer with an h value of 1.7 in the temperature range of 45°-60°C. Inclusion of a heat denaturation step in the scheme employed for the purification of serine hydroxymethyltransferase resulted in the loss of cooperative interactions with tetrahydrofolate. The temperature effects on the serine hydroxylmethyltransferase, reported for the first time, lead to a better understanding of the heat induced alterations in conformation and activity for this oligomeric protein