लाख शब्दावली (अंग्रेजी - हिंदी) Technical terms related to Lac

लाख शब्दावली (अंग्रेजी - हिंदी) Technical terms related to La

Genetic variation among species, races, forms and inbred lines of lac insects belonging to the genus Kerria (Homoptera, Tachardiidae)

The lac insects (Homoptera: Tachardiidae), belonging to the genus Kerria, are commercially exploited for the production of lac. Kerria lacca is the most commonly used species in India. RAPD markers were used for assessing genetic variation in forty-eight lines of Kerria, especially among geographic races, infrasubspecific forms, cultivated lines, inbred lines, etc., of K. lacca. In the 48 lines studied, the 26 RAPD primers generated 173 loci, showing 97.7% polymorphism. By using neighbor-joining, the dendrogram generated from the similarity matrix resolved the lines into basically two clusters and outgroups. The major cluster, comprising 32 lines, included mainly cultivated lines of the rangeeni form, geographic races and inbred lines of K. lacca. The second cluster consisted of eight lines of K. lacca, seven of the kusmi form and one of the rangeeni from the southern state of Karnataka. The remaining eight lines formed a series of outgroups, this including a group of three yellow mutant lines of K. lacca and other species of the Kerria studied, among others. Color mutants always showed distinctive banding patterns compared to their wild-type counterparts from the same population. This study also adds support to the current status of kusmi and rangeeni, as infraspecific forms of K. lacca

Regeneration of plantlets from nodal explant-derived callus cultures of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Albizia lucida</i> Benth.

265-268Albizia lucida Benth. is a forest tree known for timber, gum and tannin, and lac production. Micropropagation of A. lucida can potentially address large-scale production of genetically identical superior genotypes. In the present study, a callus-mediated regeneration protocol has been established from nodal explants of A. lucida for micropropagation. Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulators like <span style="mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-ansi-language:EN-IN">thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.5 µM) and <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN">6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 2.22 mM) were found efficient in callus induction and multiplication. From the multiplied greenish and compact organogenic calli, shoots were regenerated best on MS media consisting BAP (8.88 mM), NAA (1-napthaleneacetic acid; 0.54 mM ) and AgNO3 (5.89 mM). The excised microshoots were rooted efficiently on ½ MS medium supplemented with IBA (indole butyric acid; 9.8 m<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">M) and BAP (0.11 m<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">M). The rooted shoots were acclimatized in polybags containing garden soil, sand and FYM (1:1:1) and then transferred into the open. About 66.67% of the plants survived in the end. The genetic fidelity of the regenerated plantlets was found identical to the mother plant using SRAP primers. </span

Genetic relationships among fruit cultivars and host plants of Indian lac insect in ber (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Ziziphus mauritiana </i>Lam.) revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers

170-177The genetic relationship among 26 fruit cultivars of Zizizphus mauritiana Lam. (ber), 6 high resin-yielding lac insect hosts of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Z. mauritiana and 2 other Ziziphus spp. used as lac hosts was compared using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers with an aim to identify genetically similar cultivars for utilization in fruit as well as in lac production. RAPD (15) and ISSR primers (11) employed in the study revealed 98.82 and 98.86% polymorphisms, respectively among all the ber accessions used. The study revealed that 11 fruit cultivars had &gt;50% genetic similarity with 6 high-yielding lac host genotypes. The UPGMA dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis clustered 11 fruit cultivars and the lac hosts within same cluster. The AMOVA analysis revealed very low genetic variations among the groups of fruit cultivars and high-yielding lac hosts, but high genetic variations within accessions of the groups. The results suggest that 11 ber cultivars may be useful not only as a source for fruit harvesting but also as potential high-yielding lac host plants, thus providing lac growers with more options of economic returns than the wild-type hosts presently used

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Not AvailableLac insects belonging to Kerria species are the most commonly used species for commercial lac production. They are also harnessed for the production of lac dye and wax. Using five Exon Primed Intron Crossing (EPIC) PCR primers for Kerria spp., we studied the intra- and interspecific variation among a population of forty eight lac insect lines. The study separated K. chinensis from rest of the lines and also made differentiation between the infrasubspecific forms of K. lacca i.e., kusmi and rangeeni.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLac insects belonging to the genus Kerria are commercially exploited for lac which has diversified industrial applications. India is the global leader in lac production; much of commercial lac is derived from the Indian lac insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr). Molecular marker studies of Kerria species are limited to RAPD and ISSR. We evaluated genetic diversity among 27 Kerria geographic populations belonging to thirteen species of Kerria, using 31 microsatellite markers developed from transcriptome of the Indian lac insect. The number of alleles per locus ranged between 2 and 6 with a mean of 2.74, showing polymorphism of 66.7- 100%. UPGMA dendrogram based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient grouped 27 Kerria accessions into three major clusters consisting of 2, 13 and 12 populations respectively and their similarity coefficient ranged between 0.61 and 0.95. Based on similarity coefficients, the closest relationship was observed between Kerria pusana and Kerria pennyae and also between K. lacca and K. pennaye. K. chinensis appeared well separated from all other Kerria species studied. Geographically closer species were found more similar, in general. The present study reveals wide intra- and inter-specific genetic diversity among Kerria populations through EST-microsatellite markers and indicates the potential and usefulness of marker studies for lac insect improvement programmes.Not Availabl

Establishing a critical care network in Asia to improve care for critically ill patients in low- and middle-income countries

When undertaking quality improvement (QI) initiatives, one of the greatest burdens is repeated data collection. Intensive care registries, such as those commonly used in high-income countries (HICs), have enabled systematic capture of routine information needed to measure intensive care unit (ICU) performance. Once considered unfeasible in resource-limited settings, newer cloud-based platforms are gaining increasing traction. Collaborative surveillance platforms, such as NICS-MORU and PRICE, which have mobile and desktop applications, have established methods for daily capture of individual patient-level information and have shown that—even in resource-limited settings—the systematic evaluation of patient care throughout the hospital journey is feasible at scale using coalesced minimal data sets