What are the dry eye questionnaires available in the scientific literature used for? A Scoping Review

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a frequent chronic ophthalmic condition. Its diagnosis includes tests and Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) questionnaires. Although many PRO dry eye questionnaires (PRO-DEQ) are available, they differ greatly from each other and not all have been validated. The purpose of this study was to retrieve the PRO-DEQ present in the scientific literature by performing a descriptive analysis of them and identifying those with known validity and reliability characteristics and to perform a descriptive analysis of the geographical area, year of publication and characteristics of the target population of the clinical studies that have used validated PRO dry eye questionnaires. Design: Scoping review of the literature. Methods: Search was conducted in PubMed to retrieve PRO-DEQ published up to July 2018 and written in English, French, Italian or Spanish. Results: 1602 records were identified, 973 were finally included. Of these, 56 provided information on the design and validation of PRO-DEQ and 49 PRO-DEQ were identified. 22 PRO-DEQ were validated (17 original and 5 modified) and 27 had no associated design, validity, and reliability studies. Most of the validated PRO-DEQ have been designed in English, the number of items varies between 1-57, the dimensions are generally not specified, and they are self-administered. The greatest use of validated PRO-DEQ in clinical studies has been in Asia since 2010, with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) being the most used. These questionnaires have been used mostly in adults, retired professionals and people with visual diseases to diagnose DED. Conclusions: This study aims to encourage the use of validated PRO-DEQ to guarantee the quality of the results obtained, as well as the comparability and replicability among studies.The authors thank the Vice-Rectorate of Research of the University of Alicante for the pre-doctoral training contract for the third author (UAFPU2019-08). Jose María Ramada receives a salary as head of the occupational health service at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) and as associate professor at the University Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona (Spain). Likewise, he has received competitive funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III for the INTEVAL_Plus project (PI17/00779), of which he is the principal investigator

Fiber Burden and asbestos-Related Diseases: an Umbrella Review

OBJECTIVE: What are the levels of asbestos exposure that cause each type of health effect? The objective of this study was to review the available scientific evidence on exposure levels for asbestos and their relationship to health effects. METHOD: An umbrella review of English-language reviews and meta-analyses, from 1980 to March 2021 was conducted. We included reviews involving quantified asbestos exposures and health outcomes. The review has been adapted to the indications of the PRISMA declaration. Methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed using the AMSTAR instrument. RESULTS: We retrieved 196 references. After applying the search strategy and quality analysis, 10 reviews were selected for in-depth analysis. For lung cancer, the highest risk was observed with exposure to amphiboles. Longer, thinner fibers had the greatest capacity to cause lung cancer, especially those \u3e 10 μm in length. For mesothelioma, longer and thinner fibers were also more pathogenic; amphiboles ≥ 5 μm are especially associated with increased mesothelioma risk. No studies observed an increased risk for lung cancer or mesothelioma at asbestos exposure levels CONCLUSIONS: Banning all asbestos exposure remains the best measure to preventing its negative health effects. The highest quality reviews and meta-analyses support that there is little risk of lung cancer or mesothelioma at daily exposure levels below 0.1 f/ml

Self-Perceived Work Disability in a School of Children with Special Needs

Objetivo. Las elevadas exigencias psicosociales y físicas de los trabajadores de los Centros de Educación Especial (CEE), conllevan una alta implicación y pueden desencadenar situaciones de estrés y discapacidad laboral. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la discapacidad laboral auto-percibida y su relación con variables sociodemográficas, laborales y de salud, en una muestra de trabajadores de este colectivo. Métodos. Estudio transversal realizado con trabajadores (n=40) de un CEE de Murcia (España). Se utilizó la versión en castellano del WRFQ para medir la capacidad laboral auto-percibida, y un cuestionario ad hoc para variables sociodemográficas, laborales y de salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables estudiadas. Las diferencias entre grupos se estudiaron mediante las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney, T de Student y Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados. La edad media de los participantes fue 40,15 ± 10,53 años, el 82,5% fueron mujeres, el 60% usuarios de ordenador y el 92,50% realizaba atención directa a niños. Las subescalas de exigencias de la producción y exigencias físicas obtuvieron los peores resultados. Presentaron puntuaciones inferiores los trabajadores <40 años en las subescalas de gestión del tiempo (p=0,002) y exigencias de producción (p=0,01); los que empleaban ordenador en gestión del tiempo (p<0,001), exigencias de la producción (p<0,001) y exigencias psicológicas (p=0,005); así como la categoría laboral de directivo y sanitario. Conclusiones. El nivel de discapacidad laboral auto-percibida es bajo, siendo las subescalas exigencias de la producción y exigencias físicas las peor valoradas. Las condiciones de trabajo relacionadas con un mayor grado de discapacidad laboral auto-percibida son el uso de ordenador, la categoría laboral y el manejo de cargas.Aims. Increased psychosocial and physical demands of the Special Education Centers (SEC) workers can also lead to intense involvement, triggering stressful and to trigger stress situations and potentially work disability. The objective of this study was to assess the self-perceived occupational disability and its relation with socio-demographic, occupational and health variables with in a sample of this these workers. Methods. Cross-sectional study with of 40 SEC workers of in Murcia (Spain) (n = 40). The Spanish WRFQ version was used to measure self-perceived work ability. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for to collect sociodemographic, occupational, and health variables. A descriptive analysis of the studied variables was performed. Differences between groups were studied using the Mann-Whitney U test, Student’s T test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results. The mean age of the sample was 40.15 ± 10.53 years; 82.5% were women, 60% were computer users and 92.50% were directly attending children. The subscales of production requirements and physical demands had the worst results. Workers <40 years presented lower scores in for the time management subscales (p = 0.002) and production requirements (p = 0.01); Computer computer users in time management (p <0.001), production requirements (p <0.001) and psychological requirements (p = 0.005); as well as among those working as managers and healthcare employeesthe employment status of executive and sanitary. Conclusions. The level of self-perceived occupational disability is was low in this collective, with the subscales of production requirements and physical requirements being the worst evaluated. The working conditions related to a higher degree of self-perceived occupational disability are were the use of a computer, the employment status and the manual materials handling

2020: Archivos in Times of COVID-19

Nota editorial de la revista Archivos de Prevención de riesgos laborales durante la pandemia de Covid-19

Validation of the Thai version of the family reported outcome measure (FROM-16)© to assess the impact of disease on the partner or family members of patients with cancer

© The Author(s). 2019Background: Cancer not only impairs a patient's physical and psychosocial functional behaviour, but also contributes to negative impact on family members' health related quality of life. Currently, there is an absence of a relevant tool in Thai with which to measure such impact. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) in Thai cancer patients' family members. Methods: Thai version of FROM-16 was generated by interactive forward-backward translation process following standard guidelines. This was tested for psychometric properties including reliability and validity, namely content validity, concurrent validity, known group validity, internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Construct validity was examined by comparing the Thai FROM-16 version with the WHOQOL-BREF-THAI. Results: The internal consistency reliability was strong (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86). A Negative moderate correlation between the Thai FROM-16 and WHOQOL-BREF-THAI was observed (r = - 0.4545, p < 0.00), and known group validity was proved by a statistically significant higher score in family members with high burden of care and insufficient income. The factor analysis supported both 3-factor and 2-factor loading model with slight difference when compared with the original version. Conclusions: The Thai FROM-16 showed good reliability and validity in Thai family members of patients with cancer. A slight difference in factor analysis results compared to the original version could be due to cross-culture application.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WRFQ) to Spanish spoken in Spain =Traducción, adaptación cultural y validación del Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WRFQ) al castellano hablado en España

Antecedentes: La traducción directa cuestionarios puede conducir a errores debido a diferencias culturales y lingüísticas. La utilización en estudios científicos de cuestionarios desarrollados en otros idiomas, precisa además de su traducción una adaptación cultural y validación. El Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WRFQ) sirve para medir las dificultades percibidas en el trabajo debido a problemas de salud. Objetivos: 1) Revisar la literatura sobre la traducción, adaptación cultural y validación (TACV) de cuestionarios, y sintetizar y hacer recomendaciones para facilitar este proceso, 2) traducir y adaptar el WRFQ al castellano y 3) examinar la fiabilidad, validez y sensibilidad al cambio del WRFQ para su uso en estudios evaluativos. Métodos: La TACV se llevó a cabo mediante un riguroso procedimiento por etapas. Se diseñó un estudio transversal con 455 participantes y uno longitudinal prospectivo con 102 participantes para evaluar la fiabilidad, validez sensibilidad al cambio. Se evaluaron la consistencia interna, la fiabilidad testretest, la validez aparente y de contenido. La validez estructural se exploró mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios. La validez de constructo se evaluó por medio de hipótesis. La sensibilidad al cambio se examinó mediante enfoques basados en la distribución y validez de las puntuaciones. Resultados: La TACV del WRFQ fue satisfactoria. Para la escala total, el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue 0.98 y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue 0.94. La validez aparente y de contenido se consideró adecuada. La estructura con cinco factores reflejó adecuadamente las diferentes dimensiones del cuestionario. Se confirmaron 7 hipótesis para evaluar la validez de constructo. Además, 4 hipótesis fueron confirmadas y 1 fue rechazada para evaluar la sensibilidad al cambio del cuestionario del instrumento. Conclusiones: El WRFQ es un instrumento válido y fiable para medir el funcionamiento en el trabajo en relación con la salud. Se encontró evidencia de la sensibilidad al cambio del cuestionario.Background: Direct translation of questionnaires may lead to misinterpretation due to cultural and language differences. When using questionnaires developed in other languages in scientific studies, besides the translation, is necessary a cultural adaptation and validation. The Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WRFQ) is an instrument to measure perceived difficulties to perform the job due to health problems. Objectives: 1) Review the literature on translation, cultural adaptation and validation (TCAV) of questionnaires, and synthesize and make recommendations to facilitate this process, 2) translate and adapt the WRFQ to Spanish and 3) examine the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the WRFQ in a Spanish working population so that it could be used in evaluative studies. Methods: A rigorous stepwise procedure was followed to achieve the TCAV. A cross-sectional study with 455 participants was designed to evaluate reliability and validity. A longitudinal prospective study with 102 participants was carried out to examine responsiveness. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, face and content validity were assessed. Structural validity was examined by means of confirmatory factor analyses. Construct validity was evaluated by hypotheses testing. Responsiveness was examined with a combination of distribution and anchor-based approaches. Results: The TCAV of the WRFQ to Spanish was satisfactory. For the overall scale, Cronbach alpha was 0.98 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.94. Face and content validity was considered adequate. The five factor structure reflected fair dimensionality of the construct. For construct validity, seven hypotheses were confirmed and for responsiveness four hypotheses were confirmed and one was rejected. Conclusions: The WRFQ-SpV is a reliable and valid instrument to measure health-related work functioning in Spanish-speaking populations. Evidence about the possible use of the WRFQ for evaluative purposes has been foun

Nutrients associated with diseases related to aging: a new healthy aging diet index for elderly population

Introduction: several indexes are used to measure the quality of nutrition in advanced ages. None of them were designed to evaluate nutrition to avoid disabilities in elderly population. Objectives: to retrieve from literature "nutrients and intakes" showing to be involved in aging, and propose a new index, considering this information, to evaluate the quality of nutrition for preventing diseases related to aging. Methods: a bibliographic review was performed, retrieving information on nutrients associated with aging. All these nutrients were incorporated into a new Healthy Aging Diet Index (HADI). Next, a cross-sectional study was carried out with two convenience samples of elderly, collecting the nutritional and dietary data, calculating different validated indexes and comparing them with HADI to validate the results. Results: forty-eight manuscripts were retrieved for full-text analysis. Associations were found between cardiovascular diseases and macronutrients,dietary fibre, sodium and vitamin D; cancer and fatty acids; diabetes and fatty acids, fibre and simple sugars; osteopenia/osteoporosis and calcium and vitamin D; sarcopenia and proteins, calcium, and vitamin D; and between cognitive impairment and fatty acids and folates. Sample 2, associated with rural areas, obtained lower indexes' scores. The behavior of HADI is similar to the other indexes (6.24/14 and 6.10/14 in samples 1 and 2, respectively). Conclusions: the presented collection of nutrients adds useful evidence for the design of diets that allow healthy aging. The new index proposed is a tool of specific nutritional measurement in studies aimed to prevent diseases related to aging

Duración y características de los episodios de incapacidad temporal por trastornos músculo-esqueléticos en Cataluña, 2007-2010

FUNDAMENTOS: Los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos (TME) son la primera causa de incapacidad temporal (IT) en España y la segunda en Cataluña. Profundizar en el conocimiento de la IT por TME podría orientar las políticas de protección social y las intervenciones para reducir su frecuencia y duración. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características y duración de los episodios de IT por TME en Cataluña en el periodo 2007-2010. MÉTODOS: Constituyeron la población de estudio todos los episodios de IT por TME en Cataluña iniciados en 2007- 2010, registrados en la base de datos del Institut Català d’Avaluacions Mèdiques (ICAM). Del total de 824.646 episodios, se seleccionaron los 607.732 (74%) que tuvieron como diagnóstico uno de los 10 TME más frecuentes. Se analizó la duración mediana de los episodios y las diferencias entre medianas mediante el test U de Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis. Se realizó un análisis de supervivencia mediante el estimador Kaplan-Meyer. RESULTADOS: Los diagnósticos de IT por TME más frecuentes fueron la lumbalgia y la cervicalgia. La duración mediana fue superior para los episodios por gonartrosis y tendinitis calcificante de hombro. La duración mediana de los episodios de IT fue superior para el dolor atribuido a un proceso orgánico, en las mujeres (Z=51770950’5; p<0,001), aumentó con la edad (K=17335’72; p<0,001), y fue superior en los trabajadores del régimen de cotización de autónomos (Z=20965263’1; p<0.001) y del sector agrícola-ganadero (K=736’822; p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio revela que la duración de la IT por TME en Cataluña está influenciada por el diagnóstico, factores laborales, la edad y el sexo

Duración y características de los episodios de incapacidad temporal por trastornos músculo-esqueléticos en Cataluña, 2007-2010

FUNDAMENTOS: Los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos (TME) son la primera causa de incapacidad temporal (IT) en España y la segunda en Cataluña. Profundizar en el conocimiento de la IT por TME podría orientar las políticas de protección social y las intervenciones para reducir su frecuencia y duración. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características y duración de los episodios de IT por TME en Cataluña en el periodo 2007-2010. MÉTODOS: Constituyeron la población de estudio todos los episodios de IT por TME en Cataluña iniciados en 2007- 2010, registrados en la base de datos del Institut Català d’Avaluacions Mèdiques (ICAM). Del total de 824.646 episodios, se seleccionaron los 607.732 (74%) que tuvieron como diagnóstico uno de los 10 TME más frecuentes. Se analizó la duración mediana de los episodios y las diferencias entre medianas mediante el test U de Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis. Se realizó un análisis de supervivencia mediante el estimador Kaplan-Meyer. RESULTADOS: Los diagnósticos de IT por TME más frecuentes fueron la lumbalgia y la cervicalgia. La duración mediana fue superior para los episodios por gonartrosis y tendinitis calcificante de hombro. La duración mediana de los episodios de IT fue superior para el dolor atribuido a un proceso orgánico, en las mujeres (Z=51770950’5; p<0,001), aumentó con la edad (K=17335’72; p<0,001), y fue superior en los trabajadores del régimen de cotización de autónomos (Z=20965263’1; p<0.001) y del sector agrícola-ganadero (K=736’822; p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio revela que la duración de la IT por TME en Cataluña está influenciada por el diagnóstico, factores laborales, la edad y el sexo