XI Jornadas de la Asociación Iberoamericana para la Investigación de las Diferencias Individuales

Investigating what makes us different means verifying the richness of human diversity and understanding the enormous advantages that it brings to our species. For this reason, knowledge of diversity must lead to respect for the equal rights and duties of different individuals, whatever their differences. The Ibero-American Association for the Investigation of Individual Differences (AIIDI) promotes the investigation of individual differences in intelligence, abilities, temperament, and personality, as well as their related causes and factors. The conferences held annually aim to bring together researchers interested in these differences, promoting and sharing knowledge. Below are summaries of the papers presented at the XI AIIDI Conference, held on September 22 and 23, 2022, at the University of Malaga. In this edition we have had 48 presentations of empirical works focused on variables of personality, intelligence and health. All are quality studies that provide a panoramic view of current research topics in the field of human differences.  Investigar aquello que nos diferencia supone constatar la riqueza de la diversidad humana y comprender las enormes ventajas que esta aporta a nuestra especie.  Por ello, el conocimiento de la diversidad debe llevar al respeto de la igualdad de derechos y deberes de los distintos individuos, sean cuales sean sus diferencias. La Asociación Iberoamericana para la Investigación de las Diferencias Individuales (AIIDI) promueve la investigación de las diferencias individuales en inteligencia, capacidades, temperamento y personalidad, así como de las causas y factores relacionados con las mismas. Las jornadas que se celebran anualmente pretenden agrupar a los y las investigadores/as que se interesan por estas diferencias, promoviendo y compartiendo los conocimientos. Se recogen a continuación resúmenes de los trabajos presentados en las XI Jornadas de la AIIDI, celebradas los días 22 y 23 de septiembre de 2022, en la Universidad de Málaga. En esta edición hemos contado con 48 presentaciones de trabajos empíricos centrados en variables de personalidad, de inteligencia y de salud. Todos son estudios de calidad que proporcionan una visión panorámica de los temas actuales de investigación en el ámbito de las diferencias humanas. &nbsp

Personality, cognitive appraisal and adjustment in chronic pain patients

Este estudio investigó la relación entre los patrones clínicos de personalidad y la evaluación cognitiva y sus repercusiones sobre la adaptación al dolor crónico en una muestra de 91 pacientes. Se predijo que los patrones de personalidad se relacionarían con los procesos de ajuste y de evaluación cognitiva, mientras que las evaluaciones cognitivas se relacionarían con la ansiedad, la depresión y los niveles de dolor percibido. Se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos: el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon, el Cuestionario de Evaluación Cognitiva, las Escalas de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalarias y el Cuestionario de Dolor de McGill. Se emplearon el análisis de regresión múltiple y los tests de Kruskal Wallis y de Mann Whitney para analizar los datos obtenidos. Los resultados muestran que ciertos patrones clínicos de personalidad se asociaban con baja adaptación al dolor crónico. El uso de la evaluación cognitiva del daño predijo niveles más altos de ansiedad y mayor dolor percibido en los pacientes de dolor crónico. El uso de la evaluación cognitiva de retos predijo niveles más bajo de depresión.This study investigated the relationship between clinical personality patterns and cognitive appraisal as well as their repercussions on adjustment to chronic pain in a sample of 91 patients. It was predicted that clinical personality patterns would be related to adjustment and cognitive appraisal processes, whereas cognitive appraisals would be related to anxiety, depression and levels of perceived pain. The instruments used were as follows: the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, the Cognitive Appraisal Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann Whitney U-test were used to analyse the data obtained. The results show that certain clinical personality patterns were associated with poor adjustment to chronic pain. The use of cognitive appraisal of harm predicted higher anxiety levels and greater perceived pain in chronic pain patients. The use of cognitive appraisals of challenge predicted lower depression levels

Adaptación de las escalas “Tenacious Goal Pursuit and Flexible Goal Adjustment” y “Goal Disengagement and Goal Reengagement”

The aim of this study was to adapt the “Tenacious Goal Pursuit and Flexible Goal Adjustment” and “Goal Disengagement and Goal Reengagement” scales into Spanish and validate them. The sample comprised 681 students from the Faculty of Psychology at Malaga University (Spain). Exploratory factor analysis showed the same number of factors as the original scales. The scales were validated by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha, test-retest reliability, and correlations between the scales were also similar to the original scales. Criterion validity was tested by correlations with measures of positive and negative affect and well-being, using a different sample of 201 students. Despite the study being limited by the composition of the sample (university students), the adapted version showed acceptable psychometric properties. Future studies could investigate how these properties could be improved.El objetivo de este estudio es realizar la adaptación y validación al castellano de las escalas “Tenacious Goal Pursuit and Flexible Goal Adjustment” y “Goal Disengagement and Goal Reengagement”. La muestra se compone de 681 estudiantes de la Facultad de Psicología de Málaga. El análisis factorial exploratorio muestra el mismo número de factores a seleccionar que las escalas originales, ratificado mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio. El alfa de Cronbach, la fiabilidad test-retest y las correlaciones entre escalas también son similares a las de los instrumentos originales. Se estudia la validez de criterio mediante correlaciones con medidas de afecto positivo y negativo y bienestar, con una muestra diferente de 201 estudiantes. Por todo ello, y a pesar de la limitación de que la muestra esté compuesta únicamente por universitarios, se considera si bien la adaptación muestra propiedades psicométricas aceptables, se debe seguir trabajando en su mejora

Dimensión ambiental de la responsabilidad social empresarial, en el sector hotelero en Riohacha (La Guajira–Colombia)

En artículo pretende hacer una aproximación a la responsabilidad social ambiental desde la perspectiva del sector hotelero de Riohacha (La Guajira–Colombia), con enfoque descriptivo y diseño no experimental -transeccional- descriptivo. El objeto de la investigación fue determinar las prácticas de responsabilidad social empresarial, gestionadas por las empresas hoteleras de Riohacha, para lo que se analizó la variable dimensión ambiental de la responsabilidad social empresarial; se utilizó el cuestionario, la muestra no probabilística de 20 hoteles entre una y tres estrella, tomados de una población de 62 hoteles; los resultados mostraron que 85% de los hoteles no cumple las leyes ambientales nacionales propias del sector, 25% de los de hoteles no minimizan los residuos resultantes de procesos de prestación del servicio, 63% busca la optimización del consumo de energía eléctrica y agua; y 65% tiene programas de concientización ambiental y de reciclaje en las áreas de la empresa. Se concluyó que falta responsabilidad social ambiental, como también existen fallas en el cumplimiento de normas y políticas por parte de los gerentes y/o propietarios de los hoteles para la preservación de medio ambiente

Distress intolerance and pain catastrophizing as mediating variables in PTSD and chronic noncancer pain comorbidity.

Objectives: Several studies have demonstrated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain comorbidity. However, there is a lack of research on the psychological variables that might explain their co-occurrence. We investigated the mediating role of distress intolerance and pain catastrophizing in this relationship. Methods: A moderated mediation model was tested. The sample comprised 114 individuals with chronic noncancer pain (90 women and 24 men; mean age, of 60.04 years [SD=9.76]). Results: Catastrophizing had a significant effect on PTSD. Distress intolerance mediated catastrophizing and PTSD, and pain intensity moderated this relationship. Conclusions: New insights are provided into the psychological variables that may explain PTSD and chronic noncancer pain comorbidity

Pain Acceptance Creates an Emotional Context That Protects against the Misuse of Prescription Opioids: A Study in a Sample of Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain.

There is solid evidence of an association between several psychological flexibility processes, particularly pain acceptance, and adaptation to chronic pain. However, there are relatively few studies on the relationship between pain acceptance and opioid misuse in chronic pain patients. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test a hypothetical model in which pain acceptance would regulate pain sensations and pain-related thoughts and emotions, which would be related to opioid misuse. The sample comprised 140 chronic pain patients attending two hospitals. All patients were receiving pharmacological treatment, including opioid analgesics. Structural equation modelling analyses showed a significant association between higher pain acceptance and lower pain intensity and catastrophizing, and lower levels of anxiety and depression. Only higher anxiety and depression were significantly associated with increased opioid misuse. The results suggest that levels of anxiety, depression, and pain acceptance must be assessed before opioids are prescribed. Pain acceptance implies a relationship with internal events that protects against anxiety and depression and thus against opioid misuse. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy appears to be particularly appropriate for these patients.This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-106086RB-I00) and the Regional Government of Andalusia (HUM-566). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga

Empathy among health science undergraduates toward the diagnosis of chronic pain: An experimental study.

Objectives: To analyse the empathetic response of future health professionals toward people diagnosed with chronic pain differentiated by the degree of visibility and credibility of symptoms. Methods: A total of 203 undergraduates performed an experimental task using vignettes depicting different diagnoses of chronic pain and completed questionnaires measuring dispositional and situational empathy. A MANCOVA analysis was conducted. Results: The main effects of chronic pain diagnoses did not significantly affect situational empathy (p = .587, η2 = 0.007, d = 0.229). The dispositional empathy variables perspective-taking and personal distress affected the situational empathy scores (p = .002, η2 = 0.072, d = 0.906, and p = .043, η2 = 0.032, d = 0.547, respectively). Conclusions: It would seem appropriate to foster intra-individual empathy factors among health science undergraduates such that they can more readily understand the process of individual adaptation to chronic pain and thus manage it more effectively. Practice implications: It would be useful for dispositional empathy to form part of the transversal competences of the training programmes of future health professionals from the beginning of their studies

How do the activity patterns of people with chronic pain influence the empathic response of future health professionals: an experimental study.

Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Intolerance of Uncertainty Moderates the Relationship between Catastrophizing, Anxiety, and Perceived Pain in People with Chronic Nononcological Pain.

Se ha pagado con un APCObjective.Substantial empirical evidence has shown that intolerance of uncertainty is a central transdiagnostic fea-ture in psychopathology and it has been suggested to be a pain-related psychological factor contributing to the ex-perience of chronic pain. However, research in this area is virtually nonexistent. The objective of this study was to in-vestigate associations between pain severity, catastrophizing, and anxiety in people with chronic nononcologicalpain, while assuming that intolerance of uncertainty moderates these relationships.Methods.A convenience sampleof 188 individuals with nononcological chronic pain (157 women and 32 men) participated in the study. We investi-gated the moderated mediation of intolerance of uncertainty between anxiety and catastrophizing and between cata-strophizing and pain intensity.Results.The full moderated mediation model accounted for significant variance inpain intensity (R2¼0.148,P<.001). Intolerance of uncertainty significantly moderated the interaction between anxi-ety and catastrophizing (B¼0.039, SE¼0.012, 95% CI [0.015, 0.063]) and between catastrophizing and pain intensity(B¼-0.034, SE¼0.010, 95% CI [ 0.054, 0.014]). Anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty did not interact in predictingcatastrophizing, although an interaction effect was found between intolerance of uncertainty and catastrophizing inpredicting pain intensity.Conclusion.This study is the first to address the interrelationship of intolerance of uncer-tainty, catastrophizing, and anxiety in relation to perceived pain intensity. The current findings support intoleranceof uncertainty as a relevant psychological variable that is distinct from other relevant constructs in the setting ofpain research and treatment

Pain Interference, Resilience, and Perceived Well-Being DuringCOVID-19: Differences Between Women With and Without Trauma Exposure Prior to the Pandemic.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in women with non-malignant chronic pain, and to determine whether women exposed to traumatic situations prior to the outbreak would be at a higher risk of negative health impacts.Methods: A total of 365 women were divided into three subgroups according to whether or not they had experienced a traumatic event prior to COVID-19. They completed an online survey.Results: Significant differences were found between groups during lockdown: 1) more psychological abuse was experienced by the group of women who had experienced an interpersonal traumatic event prior to the pandemic than in the other subgroups; 2)physical activity levels were higher and scores on pain interference were lower in women in the non-traumatized subgroup than in the other subgroups; 3) pain interference was predicted by pain intensity, decreased social support, and resilience, whereas perceived well-being was predicted by pain interference.Conclusion: Women who had experienced a traumatic event prior to the pandemic suffered worse consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown, particularly greater pain interference, although resilience was shown to both mitigate pain interference and enhance perceived well-bein